Stepan Jakowlewitsch Rumowski

Stepan Jakowlewitsch Rumowski (ca.1850)

Stepan Yakovlevich Rumowski ( Russian Степан Яковлевич Румовский ; born October 29, ^jul. / 9. November  1734 ^greg. In Stary Pogost, Vladimir province , † July 6 ^jul. / 18th July  1812 ^greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian Astronomer , mathematician and university professor .

Life

Rumowski was the son of a priest who moved with his family to St. Petersburg in 1739 . There the five-year-old was accepted into the Alexander Nevsky seminar . In the poetics class he was soon one of the best students. At the age of 12, Rumowski was selected by Mikhail Lomonossow and Josef Adam Braun for the Academy-Gymnasium of the Academy-University of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences . In 1748 he began studying at the Academy University. In 1750 he chose mathematics as a specialty. In 1753 he became an adjunct for astronomy at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1754 he was sent to Berlin to study mathematics with Leonhard Euler , after Euler Rumowski had positively assessed the work Solutio problematis Kepleriani ex dato sectore invenire semiordinata on the solution of the two-body problem by Johannes Kepler . In Berlin, Rumowski lived in Euler's house in the Euler family because his financial means were insufficient. In 1756 he returned to St. Petersburg.

From 1760 Rumowski taught mathematics and astronomy at the Academy University. In the same year his handbook of mathematics appeared. In specialist articles he published his solutions to problems of differential and integral calculus .

In 1761 Rumowski led an astronomical expedition to Selenginsk near Gussinoosjorsk in Transbaikalia to observe the transit of Venus in front of the sun . In 1763 he was appointed associate professor, and in 1767 the full professorship followed. In 1763 he became an honorary foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . In 1769 he carried out an astronomical expedition to observe the renewed transit of Venus, now to Kola on the Kola peninsula , in order to obtain more precise data. With the results he calculated the distance from the earth to the sun. To this end, he published the observations made by Ivan Ivanovich Islenev in Yakutsk .

Rumowski was head of the geography department from 1766 to 1803 and director of the astronomical observatory of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, which he headed practically from 1763. He directed the cartographic work and created astronomical- meteorological calendars. In 1786 he published the astronomical- geographical coordinates of 62 locations, which appeared in 1790 in the Berlin Astronomical Yearbook . From 1800 to 1803 he was Vice President of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since its foundation in 1767. He translated the works of Leonhard Euler and, together with Iwan Iwanowitsch Lepjochin, the Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffons and the Annales of Tacitus . He also edited Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov's Old Russian Library .

In addition Rumowski was from 1776 to 1783 inspector of the Greek Cadet Corps founded in St. Petersburg . In 1798 the Admiralty College commissioned him to train the navigation instructors of the Marine Cadet Corps for astronomical investigations. For this, Rumowski was appointed Real Councilor of State (4th class ), and Catherine II personally presented him with the Order of St. Vladimir . On the occasion of the establishment of the University of Kazan , Rumowski became curator of the Kazan school region in 1803 . Under his leadership, the educational system of Siberia and the east of the European part of Russia was developed, based on the Kazan University and high schools, district and community schools in the major cities of the region. He carefully selected the teaching staff of the University of Kazan, so that the University of Kazan quickly became one of the leading universities in Russia. One of the first-class mathematicians trained there was Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Румовский, Степан Яковлевич . In: Русский биографический словарь . tape 17 , 1918, pp. 441-450 ( Wikisource [accessed November 4, 2017]).
2. ↑ Павлова Г. Е .: Степан Яковлевич Румовский, 1734–1812 . Nauka , Moscow 1979.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers . Springer, 1992, p. 992 .
4. ↑ Румовский С. Я .: Сокращения математики часть первая, содержащая начальные основания арифметики, геометики иноритрити ин тереометики инорити . Императорская Академия наук, St. Petersburg 1760 ( bibliolink.ru [accessed November 4, 2017]).
5. ^ Solutio problematis cujusdam ad maxima minimave pertinentis . In: Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae . tape VIII , 1763, pp. 189-194 ( Wikisource [accessed November 4, 2017]).
6. ↑ Methodus investigandi integrale aequationis dp (1 −р) (nn - ss) + ds (nn + p3 + ps + pps) = 0 . In: Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae . Pro anno 1781, 1784, p. 147-154 ( Wikisource [accessed November 4, 2017]).
7. ↑ Summatio seriei 1n −2 n + 3n −4 n + 5n −6 n + 7n −8 n + etc. denotante n numerum quemcunque integrum . In: Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae . tape VI , 1790, p. 114–122 ( Wikisource [accessed November 4, 2017]).
8. ↑ Observatio eclipseos lunaris the 19 (30) august. 1765 habita in observatorio Imperiali Petropolitano . In: Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae . XI pro anno 1765, 1767, p. 567-568 ( Wikisource [accessed November 4, 2017]).
9. ↑ RAN: Румовский Степан Яковлевич (accessed November 4, 2017).
10. ↑ С. Румовский, И. Лепёхин: Всеобщая и частная естественная история . Императорская Академия наук, St. Petersburg 1801.