Vreden Abbey
The Vreden women's monastery was founded in 839 at the latest as one of the first Westphalian women's monasteries in Vreden . It was in the Middle Ages temporarily reichsunmittelbar . It was repealed in 1810.
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history
It is possible that Vreden was a kind of mission base for large parts of the Münsterland even before the conversion to Christianity at the end of the 8th century . The place was on an old long-distance trade route that came from the Dutch area. The name of the founder is passed down with Walbert, who presumably came from the Billunger family. In 839 Walbert had the relics of various saints brought to Vreden. Bishop Altfried von Munster was also involved . This is considered to be the completion of the foundation of the foundation. Walbert was buried in the monastery. The women's monastery was dedicated to Saint Felicitas . It only accepted ladies of high nobility. The first collegiate church was a predecessor church on the site of today's parish church of St. Georg . It was not until the time between 1070 and 1100 that it lost its status as a collegiate church to St. Felicitas.
During the tour of the new King Konrad II, he visited the monastery in 1024. He was greeted by the abbesses Adelheid von Vreden and Sophia von Essen . Both were daughters of Otto II and his wife Theophanu . In the following years the monastery was closely connected with the emperors. A daughter of Heinrich III. was abbess. Some of the abbesses were also abbesses of Essen in personal union .
The monastery was imperial until 1085. After that, Emperor Heinrich IV gave it to the Bremen bishop Liemar . After an interruption, it regained the status of imperial immediacy and retained it until the second half of the 12th century. In 1261 the abbess von Vreden submitted to the bishop of Münster. This was the end of imperial immediacy.
When Norbert von Xanten wanted to pay a visit to Vreden Abbey in 1115, legend has it that he was thrown from his horse by a lightning strike shortly before Vreden and converted.
During the Bredevoort feud in 1324, troops of Rainald II von Geldern looted the monastery. A fire broke out that destroyed the monastery archive.
In the 18th century the historiographer Jodocus Hermann Nünning worked as a scholaster in the monastery.
Buildings
The Vredener collegiate church of St. Felicitas dates back to the 9th century , like a Carolingian predecessor of the immediately adjacent parish church of St. George. In the 11th century it received a hall crypt that has been preserved to this day . This was under an older church and is now under the choir of today's church. The crypt is a three-aisled, four-bay hall with a groined vault . At a not entirely clear point in time, either in the first half of the 12th century or around 1170/80, today's church was built. The church is an elongated, single-nave, four- bay hall building with a crossing and square transept arms. In 1427 the choir was rebuilt. In the 16th century, the arch in the eastern nave yoke was renewed. In the following century new buildings were built for the monastery.
After the abolition, the facility was heavily rebuilt in 1911. At the end of the Second World War , the choir and the vaults of the nave and crypt were bombed. The reconstruction took place until 1952. Since then the portal of the also destroyed parish church of St. George has served as the north portal of the collegiate church. After extensive renovation over several years, the collegiate church was put back into service on December 18, 2016 with the ceremonial return of the Blessed Sacrament to the tabernacle .
The Vredener hospital was directly attached to the collegiate church. At the end of the 1960s, the hospital was relocated and the old building was completely laid down, so that today there is a lawn between the church and the moat. A way of the cross and a sculpture by the Vreden artist Adolf Erning, which contains several crosses , remind of the religious history of the site.
The Vreden Hunger Cloth from 1619 is also on display in the church.
Abbesses (incomplete)
| No. | Name (life data) | Abbatiat | Remarks | origin | presentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bertradis * unknown † unknown |
966-999 | presumably Sister of Wikbert | ||
| 2. |
Hathui † July 4, 1014 |
-1014 | also abbess in the Gernrode monastery | Billunger | |
| 2. |
Adelheid I * 977 † January 14, 1044 in Quedlinburg |
1014-1044 | also abbess in pen Quedlinburg , gandersheim abbey and pin Gernrode | Liudolfinger | |
| 3. |
Beatrix * 1037 † July 13, 1061 |
1044-1061 | also abbess in the Gandersheim monastery and in the Quedlinburg monastery | Salier | |
| 4th |
Adelheid II * 1045 (in Goslar?) † January 11, 1096 in Quedlinburg |
1061-1096 | also abbess in the Gandersheim monastery and in the Quedlinburg monastery | Salier | |
| ?. |
Elisabeth * unknown † unknown |
around 1172-1216 | also Abbess of Essen Abbey and St. Maria in the Capitol in Cologne | ||
| ?. | Ida II. Von Sayn * unknown † unknown |
1218-1241? | |||
| ?. | Sophia von Puflike * unknown † May 16, 1316 in Vreden |
1296-1316 | |||
| ?. | Lutgardis von Steinfurt * unknown † 1356? |
1316-1349 | |||
| ?. | Elisabeth von Bare * unknown † unknown |
1349-1355 | |||
| ?. | Adelheid von Bentheim * unknown † April 23, 1387 |
1360-after 1387 | Adelheid was briefly followed by an abbess whose name was unknown, before Jutta von Ahaus took over the office | ||
| ?. |
Jutta von Ahaus * 1353 † January 23, 1408 |
before Nov. 16, 1388-1395 | Admitted as a canon as a child in 1357, waiter for many years , provost from May 24, 1385 at the latest | Noblemen of Ahaus | |
| ?. | Kunegounde van Meurs * unknown † unknown |
1395-1403 | |||
| ?. | Maria Schenkin zu Erbach * unknown † unknown |
1466-1511 | Counts of Erbach | ||
| ?. |
Margarete von Beichlingen * unknown † December 11, 1534 |
1521-1534 | also prince abbess of the Essen monastery | Count of Beichlingen | |
| ?. | Countess Katharina von Gleichen -Blankenhain * unknown † unknown |
around 1534– | Dean in the ladies' monastery in Essen (1534), provost in the Rellinghausen monastery | Counts of equals | |
| ?. | Ermgart von Rietberg * unknown † September 17, 1579 |
-1579 | also Abbess of Metelen Monastery | Count of Rietberg | |
| ?. |
Agnes von Limburg-Stirum * September 18, 1563 in Kasteel de Wildenborch † January 2, 1645 in Vreden |
around 1619 | also abbess of the Elten monasteries (1603–1645), Borghorst and Freckenhorst | Counts of Limburg-Stirum | |
| ?. | Countess Maria Sophie zu Salm-Reifferscheidt * March 21, 1620 † January 8, 1674 |
before 1669-1674 | also abbess in the Reichsstift Elten | Salm (noble family) | |
| ?. | Countess Maria Franziska von Manderscheid-Blankenheim * unknown † unknown |
1674-1708 | |||
| ?. | Elizabeth van Hoyte * unknown † unknown |
? -? | |||
| 38. | Walburga Maria Anna Truchsess von Waldburg-Zeil-Wurzach * (February 27, 1730) † November 16, 1789 |
1764-1789 | Nun (1740), Abbess of St. Ursula in Cologne (1784) and Elten Abbey | Waldburg House | |
| 39. |
Josepha Maria Anna Antonia Nepomucena von Salm-Reifferscheidt-Bedburg * July 15, 1731 in Vienna † June 23, 1796 in Essen |
1790-1796 | 1790–1796 also abbess at Elten Abbey | Salm (noble family) | |
| 40. | Theresia Josepha Truchsess von Waldburg-Zeil-Wurzach * December 9, 1770 † unknown |
1796-1805 | Sexton zu Elten, nun of St. Ursula in Cologne (1786–1794) | Waldburg House | |
| 41. | Countess Maria Creszentia Fugger zu Stettenfels and Dietenheim * February 21, 1764 † 1834 in Vreden |
1805-1810 | Canon in Cologne St. Ursula (Cologne) (1777), abbess in Cologne St. Ursula (1790–1802), dean in Elten (1790), last abbess of the Vredener Stift | Fugger |
Street names
At the former location of the monastery in the center of Vreden, the street name Freiheit reminds of the monastery and its imperial immediacy.
Some of the abbesses and other women who shaped the monastery were immortalized by street names in the townscape of Vreden. The named streets are located in a centrally located residential area of the city and are called: Adelheidstraße, Beatrixstraße, Bertradisstraße, Kreszentia-Straße, Maria-Franziska-Straße, Maria-Theresia-Straße, Reinmodisstraße, Theophanostraße and Von-Manderscheid-Straße.
literature
- Wilhelm Kohl : The dioceses of the church province Cologne. The diocese of Münster. Volume 7: The Diocese. Volume 3. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 2003, ISBN 3-11-017592-4 ( Germania sacra NF 37, 3), partial digitization .
- Wilhelm Kohl: The dioceses of the church province Cologne. The diocese of Münster. Volume 7: The Diocese. Volume 1. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1999, ISBN 3-11-016470-1 ( Germania sacra NF 37, 1), partial digitization .
- Heiko KL Schulze : Monasteries and monasteries in Westphalia. History, building history and description. A documentation. In: Géza Jászai (Ed.): Monastic Westphalia. Monasteries and monasteries 800–1800. Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, Münster 1982, ISBN 3-88789-054-X , p. 432 (exhibition catalog, Münster, Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, September 26, 1982 - November 21, 1982).
- Georg Fink : Status in convents and founders of the diocese of Münster and Herford Abbey . In: Journal for patriotic history and antiquity , vol. 65, first department (Münster), pp. 129–210, on Vreden pp. 148–169 ( digitized version ).
- Heimatverein Vreden (ed.): Sankt Felicitas in Vreden: Adoration - Church - Church Treasure , Contributions of the Heimatverein Vreden on regional and folklore, Volume 97, Vreden 2017, ISBN 3-926627-77-8
Web links
- History of the city of Vreden
- Description of the collegiate church on the municipality's website
- Women shape the monastery ( memento from February 17, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), article in the Münsterland newspaper about the women associated with the monastery, who were immortalized in Vreden street names.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Volker Tschuschke: Die Billunger im Münsterland , in sources and studies on the history of Vredens and its surroundings , Volume 38, pp. 15–43, Heimatverein Vreden (ed.) Self-published, Vreden 1990. ISBN 3-926627-06-9
- ^ Stefan Eismann: From the monastery to the city. Medieval archeology in Vreden. , in contributions from the Heimatverein zur Landes- und Volkskunde , Volume 69, pp. 171–208, Heimatverein Vreden (ed.) self-published, Vreden 2005. ISBN 3-926627-44-1
- ↑ Roger Wilmans : The Imperial Documents of the Province of Westphalia: 777 - 1313. Münster 1867. S. 428, 438
- ^ GenWiki Damenstift Vreden , accessed November 13, 2011
- ↑ a b c d e Volker Tschuschke: The high counts abbey Vreden and their hereditary offices . In: Sources and studies on the history of Vredens and its surroundings , Vol. 1. Heimatverein, Vreden 1990, ISBN 3-926627-06-9 , pp. 44–48.
- ↑ a b Volker Tschuschke: The noble lords of Ahaus. A contribution to the history of the Westphalian nobility in the Middle Ages (= Westmünsterland, sources and studies, volume 16). Landeskundliches Institut Westmünsterland, Vreden 2007, ISBN 978-3-937432-12-0 , p. 144.
- ↑ Volker Tschuschke: The noble lords of Ahaus. A contribution to the history of the Westphalian nobility in the Middle Ages . Landeskundliches Institut Westmünsterland, Vreden 2007, pp. 144–149.
- ↑ D. Schwennicke: European Family Tables, New Series, Volume XIX., Plate 101, Publisher: Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M. 2000, ISBN 3-465-03074-5
- ↑ genealogy.euweb.cz Reifferscheidt 2 , accessed November 27, 2011
- ↑ Collegiate Church of St. Felicitas Vreden
- ↑ a b genealogy.euweb.cz Waldburg 6 , accessed November 27, 2011
Coordinates: 52 ° 2 ′ 8 ″ N , 6 ° 49 ′ 16 ″ E