Rellinghausen

Rellinghausen district of Essen
Basic data
surface	1.4  km²
Residents	3581 (March 31, 2020)
Coordinates	51 ° 25 '43 "  N , 7 ° 2' 56"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 25 '43 "  N , 7 ° 2' 56"  E
height	79  m
Incorporation	Apr 1, 1910
Spatial assignment
Post Code	45134
District number	12
district	District II Rüttenscheid / Bergerhausen / Rellinghausen / Stadtwald
image
View from the southeast of Rellinghausen (in the foreground)
Source: City of Essen statistics

Rellinghausen is a district in the southeast of the city of Essen . In 1996 the former Rellinghausen women's monastery celebrated its thousandth anniversary.

history

The Rellinghausen Abbey

The earliest district was probably called Ruoldinghus or Ruodlinghus . The place Rellinghausen, which was called Rellekhusen in Lower Franconia after 860 , emerged from an Oberhof owned by the couple Eggihard and Rikilt, which was located around today's Stiftsplatz. A family relationship to Altfrid (* around 800; † August 15, 874), the founder of the Essen Abbey , was due to the fact that the Oberhof was probably supported with a running portion of the Essen tithe . Rellinghausen was excluded from the tithe donation from Cologne Archbishop Gunthar . From 943 onwards, the tithe went to the Werden monastery every July 25th as so-called Jacob's money , until the Werden abbey was abolished in 1802. In a document from King Otto the Great in 947, Rellinghausen is named as the lower parish of Werden .

Rellinghausen was a ladies' monastery for members of the lower nobility. It was probably founded by the family of the Counts von Berg , in whose countries most of the monastery was owned. The first reliable mention is in the memorial document of the Essen Abbess Theophanu , who died in 1056 , in which the collegiate church is mentioned for the first time. For a long time the Rellinghausen monastery was thought to have been founded by the Essen abbess Mathilde ; this has since been refuted and was based on the attempt by Essen's Catholic forces during the Counter-Reformation to gain control over the Rellinghausen monastery, which was meanwhile inclined towards Protestantism. In the 17th century, the Rellinghausen Abbey finally sold its sovereignty to the Essen Abbey, but remained an independent institution until it was dissolved in 1802.

Collegiate church

The first church building on the site of today's parish church of St. Lambertus is said to have stood here as early as 750. This was followed in the 11th / 12th. A three-aisled Romanesque pillar basilica, which was demolished in 1822. In 1634 the basilica was renamed after Spanish cavalry troops had attacked Rellinghausen in the Thirty Years' War in 1621 and 1622; namely from St. Jacob (after Spain's patron saint, the Apostle James ) in St. Lambertus (after Lambert von Lüttich ). Today's classicist hall with a neo-Romanesque west tower was built in the years 1826–1829 according to plans by the master builder Otto von Gloeden and with the assistance of Karl Friedrich Schinkel . It was consecrated in 1852. Then the church burned down in World War II and was consecrated again in 1949. The font, which still exists today, is said to be around 1000 years old.

During the consecration festival in honor of the apostle James on July 25, 1516, criminals stole a sack from the collegiate church in which they believed there was treasure. In this pouch there were only consecrated hosts , which the thieves later threw away. In the neighboring Mühlental, today's Annental, the sack was found by a shepherd the next day. Some legends arose about this event, and a wooden atonement chapel was built on the site , which was replaced by a baroque stone building in 1701. Even today, on St. Anne's Day, on July 26th every year, a procession from the chapel to St. Lambertus Church takes place. From August 31 to September 5, 1932, the 71st German Catholic Day took place in St. Annental .

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  St. Lambertus, former collegiate church of the subsidiary Rellinghausen

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  St. Anne's Chapel

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  Evangelical Church Rellinghausen

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  Rellinghausen coat of arms

middle Ages

The Cologne archbishop and imperial administrator Engelbert von Berg was murdered in November 1225 by Friedrich von Isenberg , his second nephew, which later cost him his head. The ownership rights of the lucrative Bailiwicks Werden, Essen and Rellinghausen were the trigger, although it remains unclear whether the dispute escalated or the murder was planned. Friedrich's son, Dietrich von Altena-Isenberg , built the Neue Isenburg around 1240 on the Werden area, right on the border with Rellinghausen, which was taken in 1244 by the Archbishop of Cologne, Konrad von Hochstaden . This set up a bailiff to enforce Cologne's interests. After the vassal of the archbishop, Heinrich von Sayn , died in 1247 , Konrad von Hochstaden renounced the castle rights on February 22, 1248 , so that the abbot of Werden received them. In 1243 the name Heinrich von Vittinghoff (Henricus de Vitinchoven) appears as the archbishop's castle man at Blankenstein Castle . Since the Isenburg was now occupied by the Werden abbot, he had a courtyard in Rellinghauser area converted into a moated castle. According to a document issued in Rellinghausen, his son Heinrich II inherited this Vittinghoff castle in 1272. In 1288, the Archbishop of Cologne, Siegfried von Westerburg , was imprisoned by Count von Berg, a cousin of Dietrich von Altena-Isenberg, during the Battle of Worringen , which changed the balance of power in the Rhenish-Westphalian region. That was momentous for Rellinghausen, because not only the Isenburg was destroyed, Dietrich von Altena-Isenberg was awarded the Bailiwick of Rellinghausen, which was no longer in the hands of the other bailiwicks. This encouraged Rellinghausen's efforts to become independent over the centuries. Henry III. von Vitinghof went into the protection of the new bailiff and was then allowed to keep his moated castle, of which only remnants can be seen today on Vittinghoffstrasse. However, is that the August 28, 1452 for 1,100  Rhenish guilders of gen John of the Vitingchave. Schele purchased is named after him and Schloss Schellenberg after some modifications in the best condition. After the division of the estate, the entire property went to his son Cord in 1477 . This Cord donated in 1487 with his wife Bathe, b. Stael von Holstein and Heisingen , whose descendants are called Vittinghoff called Schell zu Schellenberg , an inn for the poor, infirm and pilgrims, today's village tavern on Frankenstrasse.

Blucherturm

Until the dissolution of the Rellinghausen monastery in 1803, the place had its own jurisdiction. At Stiftplatz with its half-timbered houses, the Blücherturm (Am Stift 9) was built as a court tower in 1567 . The nickname of its last inhabitant gave it its name. It was a policeman who resembled the famous Marshall von Blücher and was known in Rellinghausen as Blücher . During the time of the witch hunts between 1571 and 1595, the court tower was the scene of witch trials that cost 39 people their lives as a result of public execution.

From the 17th century

In the 17th century a Protestant church was built in Rellinghausen for the first time. In 1654, a small wooden church on a stone base was built on a piece of land donated to the community. The parish hall of the Protestant parish in Rellinghausen stood on this property until 2019, and traces of the rubble stone plinth of the old wooden church were found during the demolition work. According to calculations, it should have been 15 meters long, 11 meters wide and 6.5 meters high and became too small in the middle of the 18th century. On April 8, 1772, the foundation stone for the second Protestant church, which was inaugurated in 1775, was laid on the property opposite. Next to her was the parish building with a half-timbered house. As the church had also become too small, it was demolished in 1934. The neighboring, today's Protestant church was built in 1934/1935 and has been a listed building since 1997.

The Vittinghoff-Schell family was known for charitable causes. Franz von Vittinghoff-Schell made it possible for the children of Rellinghausen to attend school for the first time by donating 600 Reichstaler in 1678, the interest of which went to the local teacher. The schoolmaster was a very highly paid post. A half-timbered house next to the collegiate church formed the school building, which quickly became too small and later became the poor house in Rellinghausen, where the residents lived rent-free if they kept the church and the church square clean. A Vittinghoff-Schell is said to have built a glassworks at the foot of the Schlossberg in 1723. In 1749, the Herrenbank coal mine was loaned to the Philipp Lange & Cons. Union, which in 1804 consolidated together with the Neuak colliery to form the new United Sälzer & Neuack colliery . The Vittinghoff-Schell family is said to have received income from the Herrenbank colliery . When the Gottfried Wilhelm union wanted to sink a large mine in the immediate vicinity of Schellenberg Castle in 1907, Friedrich von Vittinghoff was at least able to get the coal washing plant to be relocated, but not to stop mining operations. That is why the coal extracted from the Gottfried Wilhelm colliery had to be transported about one and a half kilometers by cable car. Noisy steam operation could be stopped by Friedrich von Vittinghoff before the last instance in Leipzig. But because they could not stop the colliery operation as a whole, the Vittinghoff-Schell family left their Rellinghauser residence in 1909 after more than 650 years and moved into their own Kalbeck Castle near Goch . At the Gottfried Wilhelm colliery, the Gottfried Wilhelm Colony was built in 1909 between Frankenstrasse and Schellenberger Wald, based on plans by the architect Oskar Schwer . The settlement, made up of a total of 13 groups of houses, was built with the character of a garden city with small-scale open-plan construction. Another colliery in the Rellinghauser area was the Schnabel Colliery in the East , which had been extracting coal irregularly since 1767, but did not sink its first shaft until 1899.

In 1910, today's Frankenstrasse , which leads via Essen-Stadtwald to Bredeney in the former Franconian Empire , was given this name for the first time. In the meantime it was also called Steeler Strasse or Rellinghauser Strasse.

Mayor's office in Rellinghausen

Rellinghauser Rathaus, 2016

1803, after the abbey was dissolved, Rellinghausen was assigned to the mayor's office of Steele . From 1876 until it was incorporated into the city of Essen in April 1910, Rellinghausen formed an independent mayor's office , consisting of the municipality of Rellinghausen with the farmers' communities Heide and Bergerhausen , the rural municipality of Heisingen and the southern tip of the municipality of Huttrop .

The Rellinghauser Rathaus, which is now a listed building, was financed with the proceeds from the sale of the area around the Spillenburg (area around the today's intersection of Spillenburg- / Westfalenstraße) to Steele and the architect Friedrich Kunhenn was commissioned with the construction of the Provinzialstraße (today Frankenstraße), which was built between 1848 and 1851 . The town hall was occupied on November 1, 1877. Joseph Sartorius (1842–1910) was the sole mayor from 1876 to 1910. In 1884 Rüttenscheid also came to the Rellinghausen mayor, until Rüttenscheid became its own mayor in 1900. After the Rellinghausen town hall building threatened to be demolished, its renovation was completed at the end of 2016. Since then, the Society for Social Services Essen (GSE) has been based here with the task of day care for the elderly.

In 1910, Rellinghausen was incorporated into the city of Essen at its own request, as independent financing no longer seemed possible and a new infrastructure was urgently needed. In 1928 Heisinger Strasse was renamed Sartoriusstrasse after the former mayor.

Rellinghausen today

The former affiliation to the monastery and barons is present in many places thanks to the buildings that still exist. Almost nothing can be seen of the hard coal mining of that time.

The Albert-Einstein-Realschule and the Ardeyschule, a municipal elementary school, are located in the Rellinghausen area . The Kunsthaus Essen has been located in the listed Rübezahlschule since 1977 , and is important for young art in Essen. Also in the same building is the Mothers and Family Center Essen, MüZe e. V.

population

On March 31, 2020, 3,581 people lived in Rellinghausen.

Structural data of the population in Rellinghausen (as of March 31, 2020):

• Share of the population under 18 years of age: 12.9% (Essen average: 16.2%)
• Population of at least 65-year-olds: 32.1% (Essen average: 21.5%)
• Proportion of foreigners: 6.4% (Essen average: 16.9%)

coat of arms

Blazon : In silver (white) a red cross over a right-angled blue wave bar. In the 17th century, the abbess of Essen, in her capacity as imperial duchess, had a coat of arms created for the imperial-free world monastery of Essen. The Rellinghausen coat of arms appears in the lower right quarter of the shield. The cross stands according to the Christian function, for this former noble women's pen and the wavy bar indicates the location on the Ruhr.

Personalities

• Joseph Sartorius (1842–1910), politician, sole mayor of Rellinghausen

literature

• Fuchs, Ralf-Peter, witch hunt on the Ruhr and Lippe. The use of justice by masters and subjects. Westphalian Institute for Regional History. Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe. Muenster. Forum Regionalgeschichte 8. Ed. By Bernd Walter. Ardey Verlag Münster 2004, p. 62 ff witch trials in Rellinghausen Abbey with a list of the victims by name

See also

• List of architectural monuments in Rellinghausen
• List of streets in Essen-Rellinghausen

Web links

• Chronicle of Rellinghausen in the citizenry of Rellinghausen-Stadtwald e. V.

Footnotes

1. ↑ Ute Küppers-Braun, Stoppenberg Abbey and Rellinghausen Abbey. State of research and perspectives, in: Lieven / Falk (ed.), Viewed from close up. Regional networks of the Essen women's foundation in the Middle Ages and early modern times, Essen 2017 (Essen research on the women's foundation, volume 13), pp. 231–255
2. ↑ Marlies Holle, The Judgment Tower - a landmark with a long history, Rellinghauser history (s) No. 1, April 2008.
3. ^ Hugo Rieth: Essen in old views, Volume 1 . 3. Edition. Zaltbommel, Netherlands 1978.
4. ^ Traces of Rellinghausen's oldest Protestant church found ; In: Press release of the City of Essen from January 22, 2020
5. ↑ Excerpt from the list of monuments of the city of Essen, Ev. Church ; accessed on January 25, 2020
6. ↑ Thorsten Scheer: The Gottfried Wilhelm Colony in Essen-Rellinghausen, Klartext Verlag Essen, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8375-0210-7
7. ↑ Michael Heiße: Battle of the Rellinghauser for Frankenstrasse ; In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of January 27, 2018
8. ↑ Mayor's villa in the list of monuments of the city of Essen (PDF; 864 kB); accessed on March 25, 2016
9. ^ Town hall in the list of monuments of the city of Essen (PDF; 474 kB); accessed on May 8, 2018
10. ↑ DerWesten.de of November 29, 2010: When Rellinghausen came to Essen , accessed on May 8, 2018
11. ↑ Population figures of the districts
12. ↑ Proportion of the population under 18 years of age
13. ↑ Proportion of the population aged 65 and over
14. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the city districts
15. ↑ See Johann Rainer Busch: Kurt Schweders Wappen der Essener Stadtteile , Essen 2009, p. 53