Swamp gentian

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Swamp gentian
Marsh gentian (Swertia perennis)

Marsh gentian ( Swertia perennis )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Gentian Family (Gentianaceae)
Genre : Swertia
Type : Swamp gentian
Scientific name
Swertia perennis
L.

The sump gentian ( Swertia perennis ), also Blue Tarant , Blue Star sump , Moorenzian , Blue Star sump or Tarant called, is a species of the genus Swertia within the family Gentianaceae (Gentianaceae).

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora
Habitus
Section of an inflorescence with stalked flower buds and open flowers

Vegetative characteristics

Swertia perennis grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 60 centimeters. The stem is angular.

The lower leaves are ovate and alternate. The upper leaves are lanceolate, opposite and smaller.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are arranged in a loose, racemose inflorescence .

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and four or five-fold with a double flower envelope . The steel-blue to cloudy purple petals are separated from each other almost to the base and are spread out in a star shape. They often have darker points or stripes. The corolla lobes each have two fringed nectar pits at the bottom. The corolla is salver-shaped.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

ecology

The pollination occurs before all by flies and beetles .

Occurrence

There are around 90 species of Swertia worldwide, with the main distribution in the Asian mountains. Swertia perennis is found in Spain, France, Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, China, Japan, Alaska, Canada and the United States. However, only this species occurs in the Alps. Swertia perennis is common in the Alps , the Pyrenees and the Balkans . As location lime-be flat and moors , wet meadows from the valley up to about 2500 meters above sea level preferred. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 1400 meters. Occurring scattered in Austria , it is absent in Burgenland and Vienna . The swamp gentian is a character species of the societies of the association Caricion davallianae, but also occurs in the Parnassio-Caricetum from the association Caricion fuscae. It is considered endangered in the western Alps, in the northern Alpine foothills and in the Pannonian area . In 2006 there were scattered finds in the White Tatras ( Slovakia ) at 1000 to 1500 meters as well as in the Western Tatras . In 2011 he was found in the Polish Giant Mountains (Karkonosze) at 1000 to 1200 meters.

Isolated occurrences are among others

Swertia perennis is particularly protected in Germany according to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance , Annex 1.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Georg Priehäusser: "On the local conditions of the occurrence of Sweertia perennis in the Bavarian Forest", Regensburg 1971, memoranda of the Regensburg Botanical Society , XXVIII. Vol. New Series XXII. Vol.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  752-753 .
  2. ^ Swertia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 350.

Web links

Commons : Sumpfenzian ( Swertia perennis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files