Wing Commander (computer game)

Wing Commander
Studio	Origin Systems
Publisher	Origin Systems
Senior Developer	Chris Roberts , Warren Spector
Erstveröffent- lichung	September 27, 1990
platform	PC ( DOS , Mac OS ), Amiga , CD³² , FM Towns , Sega Mega-CD , SNES , 3DO , PSP
genre	Space flight simulation
Game mode	Single player
control	Keyboard , mouse , joystick , game controller
system advantages preconditions	CPU : 286 with 12+ MHz 640 kB RAM 2 floppy disk drives or alternatively free hard disk space Graphics: VGA / MCGA with 256 colors or EGA / Tandy Sound card optional (opt.General MIDI )
medium	3.5 ″ / 5.25 ″ diskette , cartridge , CD-ROM , UMD , download
language	English , German (Amiga)
Age rating	USK

Wing Commander is the first part of the same science fiction - computer game series Wing Commander of Origin Systems . It is a space flight simulation and was released for the PC in 1990 . The game was then ported to numerous other platforms. The player takes on the role of a space fighter pilot in the war of mankind against the feline alien race of the Kilrathi. The game is considered to be a decisive factor in the success of the PC as a game platform and set standards in the field of graphic and sound design.

action

With Wing Commander the career of the protagonist begins as space -Kampfpilot, which Commander series Wing will extend over several parts of the, with the determination of the name early in the game by the player. Generally referred to as "bluehair" because of his distinctive appearance, the protagonist is canonically identified as Christopher "Maverick" Blair in later parts. Fresh from the academy, the protagonist is transferred to the carrier "Tiger's Claw" in 2654, which operates in the Vega sector on the front line against the Kilrathi. In various solar systems of the sector it is necessary to repel the offensive forces of the Kilrathi and to save the human colonies from their complete destruction.

The plot of the game is told in numerous animated cutscenes. The course of the game and the solar systems visited can vary due to a branched mission structure. In addition to the framework story, the interaction with the crew members plays an important role, who provide extensive information about the game world and the events of the game in conversations with the character. During his career, the player has the opportunity to receive many awards. Wing Commander is the only game in the series in which the hero is promoted and awarded medals based on his performance.

Gameplay

The game is divided into two parts. Between the missions, the player can switch between different areas on board the carrier ship with a click of the mouse. In the pilot's bar he can have optional conversations, presented in animated cutscenes, with the pilot colleagues who are present there, who tell him stories from their lives, provide background information on the events in the game world or comment on the current situation. A training simulator offers the opportunity to practice the game principle on the basis of training missions without affecting the course of the game. In the pilot's dormitory, the player can view his medals and awards and also save his score in the PC version. Upon entering the flight deck, the so-called mission briefing is triggered, in which the player is given an animated cutscene explaining the goals of his flight mission.

After another animated start sequence, the actual mission begins. The player controls his space fighter in a simulated 3D space environment from a cockpit view in the first person perspective . The game allows control over all three spatial axes (forwards / backwards, right / left, up / down). In the course of the game, the player controls four different types of space fighters assigned by the program, which can differ in equipment (weapon systems, armor, shield strength) and flight behavior (e.g. acceleration, maximum speed, maneuverability). To eliminate enemies, the space fighter is equipped with ray cannons and a limited number of missiles. Since the radiation guns only have a certain amount of energy at their disposal, continuous fire is not possible, instead the player must regularly take short breaks in fire so that the energy level can regenerate. In addition to the ship's armor, your own spaceship is protected from enemy attacks by a regenerating protective screen. With the help of an afterburner , the player can briefly increase his flight speed at any time. However, the fuel required for this is limited. If the protective screen is broken and the armor of your own fighter is destroyed, the space fighter explodes and the game is over. In order to avoid death, the player can choose the emergency exit using the ejector seat in a hopeless situation . In this case, the mission is considered to have failed, but the player can continue with the game.

Usually the player has to go to several navigation points in the course of the mission and destroy all enemy forces. As a variation, the player sometimes has to destroy important primary targets at the target point before a certain period of time has elapsed or prevent the destruction of his own units in the form of escort missions. Often times the player has to steer his space fighter through asteroid and minefields, which make the approach to the target points difficult and can seriously damage or destroy the space glider in a collision.

Mission tree for Wing Commander , showing the branched mission structure

Normally a wingman controlled by the program stands by the player during the mission. The player can send rudimentary commands such as attacking targets or maintaining a flank position by radio. Opposing pilots can be tricked into focusing their attacks on the player by insulting them. Sometimes allies and opposing pilots comment on the situation independently in the form of scripted or generic-general radio message dialogues.

After completion of the mission and return to the carrier ship, the mission is debriefed in a further animated cutscene in which the course and outcome of the mission are commented on. In the case of particularly good performances, the character may also receive a medal or be promoted. If the player's wingman dies during the mission, a space funeral follows. Failed missions do not lead to an immediate game over due to a branched mission structure (see picture) , but have an impact on the mission sequence and the assigned accompanying pilots or space fighters. If the performance persists, the game ends with a negative plot.

history

development

Wing Commander was largely designed by Chris Roberts , who created the overall concept of the game and was involved in the programming himself. The main interests of Roberts' work, however, included the telling of stories and the creation of visual worlds. Therefore, films also had a great influence on his work. In retrospect, Roberts justified his decision against a film career by saying that, as a game developer, he could do all the necessary work himself and exert a much greater influence on the presentation. Since 1987 Roberts worked for the Texas game developer Origin Systems on the Commodore 64 game Times of Lore . According to Roberts, the game represented an excellent programming achievement with the way in which it exhausted the technically limited hardware of the home computer, but it was not commercially successful because the market was already in favor of the much more powerful IBM PC when it was released had moved.

“I decided then that my next game would be for the PC, and that I would use every bell and whistle I could with the available hardware, to deliver the biggest audiovisual punch I could. When I saw what Larry Holland was doing with 3D sprites in LucasFilm's WWII flight sim Battlehawks 1942 , I decided there was no time like the present to create the I'd wanted to make from the moment I started programming. ”

“I decided then that my next game would be for the PC and that I would get the most out of the hardware available to deliver the best possible audio visual all-rounder. When I saw what Larry Holland was doing with 3D sprites in LucasFilm's World War I flight simulation Battlehawks 1942 , I decided there wasn't a better time to do what I've always wanted to do since I started out as a programmer. "

- Chris Roberts : in: Games That Changed The World: Wing Commander

Logo before renaming to Wing Commander

In his seven-sided basic concept that Roberts presented to Origin management, the title of the game was still Squadron . In the course of development, however, the title was changed to Wingleader and the first advertising material was distributed under this title. Shortly before its release, Origin finally decided to rename the game Wing Commander one more time . Development work began in early 1988 and lasted 18 months. After initially only Chris Roberts and graphic artist Denis Loubet worked on the game, the team grew in the course of development to the size of eight full-time project employees and several freelancers, artists and sound specialists for its time.

Chief developer Chris Roberts drew the influences for his space scenario mainly from the first Star Wars trilogy, the original series Battle Star Galactica , the science fiction novel The Eternal War by Joe Haldeman and the American military offensives in the Pacific during World War II ( Pacific War ). The Terran Confederation is modeled on the US armed forces, while the Kilrathi are an image of the Japanese army, whose code of honor and behavior is strongly based on the Bushidō code of conduct of the Japanese samurai . Roberts got the idea for the cat-like appearance of this breed from the likewise cat-like people of the Kzin from Larry Niven's SciFi novel series about the ring world . The name Kilrathi is derived from the English "to kill" (= to kill) and "wrath" (= anger).

"I just thought it was very important ... [that] you felt like your actions had some impact on the story. You weren't just on a predetermined path that was only one way. It wasn't about a high score. It was completely about how you played and flew would affect the storyline, and my theory was that would give you a natural level of immersion into the world. "

“I just thought it was very important [that] you feel like your actions were affecting the story. You weren't just on a predetermined one-way path. It wasn't about a score. It was all about that the way you play and fly influences the action of the game, and my theory was that this enables the player to immerse himself naturally in the game world. "

- Chris Roberts : in: The History of Wing Commander: Part One

The graphics of Wing Commander is based on two-dimensional graphics Sprite because the computing power of contemporary PCs was insufficient to Roberts claim the graphical richness of detail with the help of a 3D polygon graphics to meet. Instead, all objects were saved as bitmaps, with different variants depending on the perspective. These bitmaps were rotated or scaled in size depending on the flight direction and distance, so that the impression of a 3D world was created. This also had the advantage that the graphics did not have to be calculated in real time and, according to Roberts, made the film-like presentation possible. To reinforce this impression, Roberts also refrained from using the usual menu-based interface. Instead, the player can access the various areas and functions via a point & click interface. The memory function was hidden behind a click on the bunk in the pilot's barracks; The program was ended by clicking on the lock.

Wing Commander was one of the first games to use a reactive soundtrack that adapted to what was happening on the screen. For example, if the player encounters enemy units, the background music changes to a battle theme. If the armor of the player's ship drops to a critical value in battle, the music becomes much more urgent, while various melody passages signal the successful shooting of an enemy, the death of one's own wingman or the completion of a (partial) mission. Wing Commander counted while the early prominent programs, in addition to MIDI in addition -Sound Creative Sound Blaster - Sound card supported. The music was composed by George Alistair "The Fatman" Sanger .

Publications

Excerpt from the WC1 source code submitted to the wcnews.com community

Wing Commander was first developed for PC ( DOS ) (1990). On November 20, 1992 an Amiga version (A500 / 1000) and a SNES version were released. Since the Amiga version on A500 and A1000 systems jerked almost in slow motion due to the slow main processors, "turbo cards" that contain 32-bit processors such as 68020, 68030 and sometimes an FPU, became more and more popular for upgrading these Amigas, because only with a 68020 processor was there a fluid representation of space battles. On March 1, 1993, the CD³² version was released, which largely corresponded to the A-500 version, but offered 256 colors (instead of just 32 colors) and could be played smoothly with the 68020 CPUs built into the CD³² systems. The additional missions The Secret Missions 1 available for the PC version have also been ported for the SNES . The ports for the A500 and the SNES were graphically and partly inferior to the PC version due to the weaker system hardware, only the CD-32 version came closer to the PC version due to the higher color depth. In 1994 Wing Commander was also produced for Sega Mega-CD . In 1994 a heavily revised version called Super Wing Commander for the 3DO was released, which was also ported to Mac OS in 1995.

Wing Commander Deluxe from 1992 for the PC comprised the base game and the two expansions The Secret Missions 1 & 2 .

The game's sales box was accompanied by a number of accompanying materials, including a copy of the fictional ship's magazine Claw Marks with tips and background information. The idea for this went back to co-producer Warren Spector , who originally came from the role-playing field.

Re-releases

After years of non-availability ( abandonware ), Electronic Arts released Wing Commander again on November 14, 2006 in the SNES version as part of its EA Replay collection for the PSP . In August 2011, the PC version of the base game was optimized for modern systems together with Wing Commander II and re -released DRM- free in a paid download version .

Source code archiving

The Wing Commander source code , believed to have been lost due to the dissolution of Origin Systems, was made available to the fan community in August 2011 by a former developer in order to prevent it from being lost forever through long-term archiving .

reception

reviews publication Rating Amiga CD³² DOS MCD SNES ASM 7/12 (with accelerator card) 4/12 (without) k. A. 10/12 k. A. k. A. Amiga Games 54% 74% k. A. k. A. k. A. Amiga joker 86% k. A. k. A. k. A. k. A. CGW k. A. k. A. recommended k. A. k. A. Dragon k. A. k. A. 6/6 k. A. k. A. GamePro k. A. k. A. k. A. k. A. 5/5 Mega fun k. A. k. A. k. A. 67% k. A. PC joker k. A. k. A. 84% (Deluxe Ed.) k. A. k. A. Play time 43% k. A. k. A. k. A. k. A. Power play 38% k. A. 88% k. A. 68% Video games k. A. k. A. k. A. 72% 72% PC Plus k. A. k. A. 4/5 k. A. k. A.

Wing Commander is considered to be one of the key titles for the success of the PC as a gaming platform and set new standards in terms of graphic and sound design. In his review of the series published in 2006, the American game developer Allen Varney described the sensational presentation of the game at the Consumer Electronics Show in 1990 as the main reason for LucasArts to postpone the release of Secret Weapons of the Air Force , which is planned for the Christmas season, for the sake of quality improve the game with a view to the competitor. Wing Commander received the Origins Award in 1990 for the best computer game in the Fantasy / Science Fiction category. The US computer game magazine Computer Gaming World awarded Wing Commander in its issue 11/1991 of Game of the Year.

Add-ons

The Secret Missions

Secret Missions logo (PC)

The first add-on The Secret Missions appeared just a few months after Wing Commander in spring 1991 and the PC version requires an installation of the main game. The SNES version, however, was sold as a separate plug-in module. This includes 16 + 2 new flight missions and a new storyline. These are elements that Roberts could no longer integrate into the main game and therefore suggested, in the tradition of the expansion packs for the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons, to publish them as a mission pack.

With the help of a new secret weapon on board the battleship Sivar, the Kilrathi destroy the densely populated Goddard colony of humans in a commando operation. When the "Tiger's Claw", following the colony's emergency call, arrives at the system, it only finds a completely devastated planet with no survivors. The carrier ship is therefore given the task of following the Kilrathis deep into their own territory as part of the special operation "Thor's Hammer" and destroying the new weapon.

The 16 missions of the solution strand are spread over seven different solar systems with a series of 2–3 missions each. Unlike in the main game, there is no branching out mission tree. If the player fails permanently in the course of the game, the two alternative final missions for a failed campaign will be carried out the next time the system changes, regardless of the current game progress. In contrast to the PC version, which is an integral part of the main game, the SNES version has an intro film that introduces the plot of the add-on.

Evaluation table PC

• Dragon Magazine 05/91: 5 of 6

SNES rating table

• Mega Fun 12/93: 72%

• Total! 10/93: 2-

• Video Games 11/93: 72%

• GamePro (US) 09/93

The Secret Missions 2: Crusade

Secret Missions 2 logo

The second expansion appeared a few months after the first expansion in the summer of 1991 and includes 16 new missions with their own storyline.

The Confederation forms an alliance with the bird-like inhabitants of the planet Firekka. But a large fleet of Kilrathi flies into the Firekka system and occupies the planet. The outnumbered confederation must withdraw. It turns out that the Kilrathi chose the planet Firekka for a sacred ceremony in honor of their god of war Sivar. In the hope of dealing a severe blow to the morale of the Kilrathi, the fleet command wants to liberate the planet again. The mission is christened "Crusade" and the "Tiger's Claw" is to pave the way for the liberation campaign with its squadrons of hunters. The confederation will meet the new experimental Kilrathi hunter "Hhriss" for the first time.

The structure and sequence of Secret Missions 2 is similar to the previous expansion. The 16 missions of the solution strand are spread over eight series of two missions each. If the player fails persistently in the course of the game, the two final missions for a failed campaign are carried out after the current series has ended. These are similar to the missions on the winning track. However, after the last mission you get a loser cutscene. Compared to the main game and the first expansion, the expansion places even greater emphasis on a deep plot. With Kilrathi-Crown Prince Thrakath nar Kiranka, Ralgha "Hobbes" nar Hhallas, the pilot Zachary "Jazz" Colson and Geoffrey Tolwyn important characters of the following titles were introduced. In addition, with the staged shooting of the wingman major Kien "Bossman" Chen, the death of a crew member was integrated into the script for the first time.

Evaluation table PC

• ASM 10/91: 11 of 12

• Power Play 7/91: Great!

Super wing commander

Super Wing Commander was the name of the graphically revised and text-to-speech version of Wing Commander for 3DO , published by Origin in 1994. In addition to the basic game, it also includes the mission pack The Secret Mission 1 and some new bonus missions that are located between The Secret Missions 1 and 2 . In it, the "Tiger's Claw" goes on a search for the origin of the Sivar battleship, which was responsible for the destruction of the Goddard colony in The Secret Missions in order to destroy the production facilities.

The main points of criticism of the 3DO version were the long loading times from the CD data carrier. In 1995 Super Wing Commander was ported to the Apple Macintosh .

Rating mirror

• Mega Fun 8/95: 83%

• Power Play 6/94: 80%

• Video Games 5/95: 69%

• EDGE 07/94: 7 of 10

literature

See also : Wing Commander novels

Several novels on the Wing Commander universe were published by the US publishers Baen Books and Harper Entertainment , some of which were published in German translation by the German Bastei Lübbe Verlag . Explicit thematic references to the first part of the series have:

• Mercedes Lackey and Ellen Guon: Die Befreier , Bastei Lübbe, 1994. ISBN 3-404-23148-1
  Describes the events during the Firekka campaign in The Secret Missions 2 from the point of view of the Firekkan people and the change of sides of Kilrathi Lord Ralgha "Hobbes" nar Hhallas to the Confederation.

• Peter Telep: Wing Commander - The book for the film , Bastei Lübbe, November 1999. ISBN 3-404-23218-6
  Official companion novel to the movie Wing Commander . Although thematically the same period as the game, it follows the heavily modified plot of the film. It is the prelude to a novel trilogy based on the film universe. In the original English version, there is still an adapted version of the book for younger readers ( Junior Novelization , ISBN 978-0061065569 ).

There are also several official and unofficial game guides, including:

• Rolf Meusel: The Wing Commander Pilot Handbook: Tactics, dates and backgrounds for every confederal warrior; to Part I and II plus additional missions . Data Becker, Düsseldorf 1992, ISBN 3-89011-538-1 .

• Mike Harrison, Lutz Friedrich: The secrets of the Wing Commander: the original strategy guide from the USA . Markt-und-Technik-Verlag, Haar near Munich 1992, ISBN 3-87791-359-8 .

Web links

• Archived Origin website for the Wing Commander series (March 30, 1997) ( Memento of March 30, 1997 on the Internet Archive )
• Wing Commander series at MobyGames (English)
• Wing Commander News . Extensive archive for the Wing Commander series.
• German-speaking forum with current news reports, an extensive database and download area for all things Wing Commander

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Wing Commander: Space soap opera deluxe . In: CHIP . CHIP Communications. September 10, 2008. Archived from the original on December 10, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 5, 2012. 
2. ↑ Dennis Scimeca: Back On The Flight Deck: An Interview With Wing Commander's Chris Roberts ( English ) In: G4TV . NBCUniversal . August 12, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Richie Shoemaker: Games That Changed The World: Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: PC Zone . No. Games That Changed The World, Vol. 1, pp. 18-21.
4. ^ Wing Commander News: Squadron Product Description . Last accessed on April 5, 2012.
5. ↑ Wing Commander News: Wingleader Preview . Last accessed on April 5, 2012.
6. ↑ Wing Commander News: Sell ​​Sheets for Wingleader / Wing Commander . Last accessed on April 5, 2012.
7. ↑ Wing Commander News: Wingleader / Wing Commander press kit . Last accessed on April 5, 2012.
8. ↑ ^{a b c} Allen Varney: In Spaaaace! Wing Leader ( English ) In: The Escapist . Themis Media. July 18, 2006. Retrieved March 31, 2012. See below for a correction note from the author to his August 3, 2006 article.
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Dennis Scimeca: The History of Wing Commander: Part One ( English ) In: G4TV . NBCUniversal . August 10, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
10. ↑ George Alistair Sanger: The Fatman . Official website of the composer, last accessed April 7, 2012.
11. ^ ^{A b c d} Christian von Duisburg: Fly by Wire: Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Power Play . No. 03/1993, March 1993, pp. 16-19.
12. ↑ ^{a b} Peter Braun: Wing Commander Deluxe Edition . (Article scan) In: PC Joker . No. 04/1992, April 1991.
13. ↑ Jason Dobson: EA Confirms Classic Game Collection For PSP ( English ) In: Gamasutra . UBM plc. September 1, 2006. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
14. ↑ Release Information for EA Replay ( English ) In: MobyGames . Gamefly Media. Retrieved July 2, 2007.
15. ↑ Shotglass' News: Wing Commander Rerelease , message about the re-release of Wing Commander I and II . Retrieved August 30, 2011
16. ↑ BIG NEWS: Wing Commander I Source Code Archived! ( English ) wcnews.com. August 26, 2011. Retrieved January 14, 2013: “ Thanks to an extremely kind donation from an anonymous former EA / Origin developer, the source code to the PC version of Wing Commander I is now preserved in our offline archive! Because of our agreement with Electronic Arts, we're not allowed to post recovered source code for download - but rest easy knowing that the C files that started it all are being kept safe for future reference. Our offline archive contains material that has been preserved but which can't be posted, including other source code and budget data from several of the games. "
17. ↑ Mike Schneider: Star warfare in the hardware jungle: Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Amiga Games . No. 02/1993, February 1993, pp. 24-27.
18. ↑ Hans Ippisch : A free supplement in the test: Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Amiga Games . No. 04/1994, April 1994, p. 26.
19. ^ Richard Löwenstein: Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Amiga Joker . No. 01/1993, January 1993.
20. ^ Ulrich Mühl: Wing Commander (Amiga) . (Article scan) In: Current software market . No. 04/1993, April 1993.
21. ↑ Dirk Fuchser: Luke Skywalker sends his regards . (Article scan) In: Current software market . No. 02/1991, February 1991.
22. ↑ Dennis Owens: The Claws of the Tiger: Origin's Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Computer Gaming World . No. 77, December 1990, pp. 18-19.
23. ↑ Hartley Lesser, Patricia Lesser, Kirk Lesser: The Role of Computers . In: Dragon Magazine . No. 166, February 1991, pp. 31-36.
24. ↑ Frequent Flyer: Wing Commander . In: GamePro . No. 42, January 1993, pp. 88-89.
25. ↑ Martin Weidner, Julian Ossent: Super Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Mega Fun . No. 06/1994, June 1994, p. 104.
26. ↑ Hans Ippisch : Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Play Time . No. 03/1993, March 1993, p. 54.
27. ↑ PC Games Database: Wing Commander - Press Review . Retrieved April 2, 2012
28. ↑ ak: On the Wings of Death: Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Video Games . No. 02/1993, February 1993, p. 42.
29. ↑ Tetsuhiko Hara: Once upon a time ...: Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Video Games . No. 06/1994, June 1994, p. 87.
30. ^ Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: PC Plus . February 1991, p. 169.
31. ↑ Allen Varney: Correction Author's note to his article "Wingleader" ( English ) In: The Escapist . Themis Media. August 3, 2006. Retrieved March 31, 2012: " In my article" Wing Leader, "I mistakenly described Lucasfilm Games as showing X-Wing at the 1990 Consumer Electronics Show, when the record shows it was Secret Weapons of the Luftwaffe. I regret that error. With that correction, the CES anecdote happened as I related it in my article. "
32. ^ Computer Gaming World's 1991 Games of the Year Awards . (Article scan) In: Computer Gaming World . No. 88, November 1991, pp. 38-40, 58.
33. ↑ Hartley Lesser, Patricia Lesser, Kirk Lesser: The Role of Computers . In: Dragon Magazine . No. 169, May 1991, pp. 61-65.
34. ^ Martin Weidner, Philipp Noack: Wing Commander The Secret Missions . (Article scan) In: Mega Fun . No. 12/1993, December 1993.
35. ↑ Michael Anton: Wing Commander: Secret Missions . (Article scan) In: Total! . No. 10/1993, October 1993, p. 39.
36. ↑ Hartmut Ulrich: The Secret Missions: Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Video Games . No. 02/1993, February 1993, p. 106.
37. ↑ Kamikaze: The Secret Missions . (Article scan) In: GamePro US . No. 09/1993, September 1993, p. 68.
38. ↑ Guido Alt, Ottfried Schmidt: Hard, hardener, crusade . (Article scan) In: Current software market . No. 10/1991, October 1991.
39. ↑ Michael Hengst : Katzenkiller: Wing Commander Mission Disk 2 . (Article scan) In: Power Play . No. 07/1991, July 1993, pp. 16-19.
40. ↑ ^{a b} Tetsuhiko Hara: Infinite Widths: Super Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Video Games . No. 05/1995, May 1995, p. 91.
41. ↑ Holger Gößmann: Super Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Mega Fun . No. 08/1995, August 1995.
42. ↑ Michael Hengst : Fly by Wire: Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: Power Play . No. 06/1994, June 1994.
43. ↑ Super Wing Commander . (Article scan) In: EDGE . July 1994, pp. 72-73.
44. ^ Wing Commander . www.origin.ea.com. March 30, 1997. Archived from the original on March 30, 1997. Retrieved July 30, 2011.