UK Supreme Court
UK Supreme Court |
|
|---|---|
| state level | United Kingdom |
| position | supreme court for all areas |
| founding |
2005 (Constitution) October 1, 2009 (entered into force) |
| Headquarters | Middlesex Guildhall , London |
| presidency | Robert John Reed, Lord Reed of Allermuir , President of the Supreme Court |
| site | www.supremecourt.uk |
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom has been the highest court in the United Kingdom since October 1, 2009 .
story
The Court was newly created by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 . He was given the judicial functions of the British House of Lords as the supreme court of appeal . In return, the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords , which had been responsible for this until now , has been eliminated entirely since the Court of Justice began its work on October 1, 2009.
The reform pushed by New Labor from 2003 had been discussed controversially. The principle of separation of powers spoke in favor of reform , since the House of Lords exercised both judicial power (judiciary) and legislative power (legislature). The judicial independence of the Lord judges was also put forward, because they might have to check the compatibility of laws with European law that they themselves had previously voted on in the legislative process . The argument against reform was that the traditional system had worked well and cost-effectively.
tasks
The Court of Justice is the supreme court in civil matters for the whole of the United Kingdom. In criminal matters he is the highest court for England , Wales and Northern Ireland ; in Scotland , the High Court of Justiciary remains the highest criminal court.
In addition, the Court has been given some constitutional powers previously exercised by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council . He is responsible for disputes over jurisdiction between the three regional governments (Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) and the UK Government. Such disputes mostly concern breaches of the European Convention on Human Rights , which has been incorporated into national law through the Human Rights Act 1998 and through UK decentralization legislation. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was not abolished, however; he retains the function of supreme court of appeal for the British Overseas Territories and for some Commonwealth States that do not have their own supreme court.
On January 24, 2017, the Court of Justice ruled that Prime Minister Theresa May must present her Brexit plans to Parliament before her exit from the EU can begin. On September 24, 2019, the court ruled that Prime Minister Boris Johnson 's five-week adjournment of Parliament was " unlawful, null and of no effect" .
composition
The Court consists of twelve judges. In the beginning, the previous lord judges took over these positions. They also retained their seat in the House of Lords.
When a judge leaves office, the Queen appoints a successor on a proposal from the Prime Minister . The proposal is determined by the Lord Chancellor - currently (December 2021) Dominic Raab - in cooperation with a selection committee. It consists of the President and Vice-President of the Court and one member each of the three judges ' selection committees for England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Anyone who has held a high judicial office for at least two years or has worked as a lawyer for 15 years is eligible for election. The selection must be based on suitability; the various legal systems of the United Kingdom must be represented in the court. Judges of the Court are appointed for life and remain in office until they reach the age of 70, unless they are removed earlier by a unanimous decision of both houses of Parliament . Unlike the previous Lord Justices, they do not become members of the House of Lords .
building
The Court is housed in the former town hall of the defunct county of Middlesex , the Middlesex Guildhall , in Parliament Square , central London . The renovations were completed in October 2009.
See also
web links
itemizations
- ↑ Constitutional Reform Act 2005
- ↑ A UK Court Without the Wigs . The Wall Street Journal
- ↑ New Supreme Court opens with media barred . telegraph
- ↑ see also en:Law of the United Kingdom
- ↑ Overview of Privy Council Jurisdiction
- ↑ UK Parliament must approve Brexit process
- ↑ R (on the application of Miller and Dos Santos) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union and associated references. supremecourt.uk Press Summary 24 January 2017 (PDF; 158 kB), Full Judgment (PDF; 97 pages)
- ↑ Judgment (on the application of Miller) (Appellant) v The Prime Minister (Respondent) Cherry and others (Respondents) v Advocate General for Scotland (Appellant) (Scotland) – Judgment given on 24 September 2019, Heard on 17, 18 and 19 September 2019 (PDF; 345 kB) Full text of judgment, supremecourt.uk; accessed September 24, 2019.
- ↑ Judgment, Tuesday 24th September 2019 (public pronouncement of judgment), supremecourt.uk; accessed September 24, 2019.
- ↑ Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993, Section 2 , accessed 25 January 2022.
- ↑ Biographies of the Justices . Archived from the original on December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
- ↑ Biography ( Memento of 12 December 2013 at the Internet Archive ) on the Supreme Court website (English, with picture)
- ↑ Information on the renovation of the Middlesex Guildhall ( Memento of 24 January 2013 at archive.today web archive )
Coordinates: 51° 30′ 1″ N , 0° 7′ 41″ W