Tauernflower
| Tauernflower | ||||||||||||
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Carinthian Tauernflower ( Lomatogonium carinthiacum ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lomatogonium | ||||||||||||
| A.Br. |
The lomatogonium or Saumnarben ( Lomatogonium ) are a genus within the family of Gentianaceae (Gentianaceae). The Holarctic range of 18 to 21 species includes North America and temperate Eurasia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Lomatogonium species grow as annual or perennial herbaceous plants . Some species form rhizomes as persistent organs. A few side roots either start from a main root or they are fleshy and are formed on the rhizomes. The prostrate, ascending to upright stems are branched to unbranched and have stripes or edges. The cross-opposite leaves are simple.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are terminally single or usually in terminal or lateral zymous inflorescences . The flower stalk is usually longer than the flower. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and usually five, rarely four or ten. The usually five sepals are fused at least at their base. The usually five white, pale blue to blue, clearly two-colored petals are fused at least at their base. Each petal has two ciliate nectaries at its base. There is only one circle with mostly five (rarely four or ten) stamens . The somewhat flattened stamens start at the base of the corolla tube and do not twist in a spiral. The mostly blue, rarely yellow anthers are at most as long as the stamens. The ovaries are sword-shaped, cylindrical or ovate-ellipsoid. There is no stylus. In the seated scars , the scar flaps run down the ovary sutures.
The bilobed capsule fruits contain many seeds . The seed coat is almost smooth.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Lomatogonium was established in 1830 by Addison Brown in Flora , 13, p. 221. Synonyms for Lomatogonium A.Br. are: Pleurogyne Eschscholtz ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal , Swertia subgen. Lomatogonium (A.Braun) Satake , Pleurogynella Ikonnikov . The genus Lomatogonium belongs to the subtribe Swertiinae from the tribe Gentianeae within the family Gentianaceae .
The generic name Lomatogonium is derived from the Greek words loma, lomatos for hem and gonia for corner, and refers to the scars running down the ovary. The common German name Saumnarbe also refers to this feature.
The Holarctic distribution area includes North America and temperate Eurasia . The center of biodiversity is China with 16 species. Only two species occur in Europe. The only Central European representative is the Carinthian Tauernflower ( Lomatogonium carinthiacum ).
The genus Lomatogonium includes 18 to 21 species (here with their distribution):
- Lomatogonium bellum (Hemsl.) Harry Sm .: It thrives at altitudes between 1300 and 3200 meters in western Hubei , southern Shaanxi , eastern Sichuan and in Yunnan .
- Lomatogonium brachyantherum (CBClarke) Fernald : It thrives in southwestern Gansu , Qinghai , Xizang , Afghanistan , Bhutan , India , Pakistan , Kashmir , Nepal and Sikkim .
- Lomatogonium caeruleum (Royle) Harry Sm. Ex BLBurtt : It thrives in the Himalayas.
- Carinthian Tauernblümchen ( Lomatogonium carinthiacum (Wulfen) Rchb.) : The wide distribution area includes Europe, Russia, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Japan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Mongolia and China .
- Lomatogonium chilaiensis C.H.Chen & JCWang : It only thrives at altitudes between 3,100 and 3,400 meters in Taiwan.
- Lomatogonium chumbicum (Burkill) Harry Sm . : It thrives in southern Tibet , Bhutan, Nepal and Sikkim.
- Lomatogonium deltoideum (Burkill) C. Marquand
- Lomatogonium forrestii (Balf. F.) Fernald : It thrives at altitudes between 2000 and 4000 meters in Guizhou , Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Lomatogonium gamosepalum (Burkill) Harry Sm .: It occurs in Nepal and China. In China, it thrives at altitudes of 2800 to 4700 meters.
- Lomatogonium lijiangense T.N.Ho : This endemic only thrives at altitudes between 2200 and 3200 meters in Lijiang Naxizu Zizhixian in Yunnan.
- Lomatogonium longifolium Harry Sm .: It thrives at altitudes between 3400 and 4200 meters in southern Sichuan, eastern Tibet and northwestern Yunnan.
- Lomatogonium macranthum (Diels & Gilg) Fernald : It thrives in China, Bhutan, Nepal and Sikkim.
- Lomatogonium micranthum Harry Sm .: It thrives in southeastern Tibet and Nepal.
- Lomatogonium oreocharis (Diels) C. Marquand : It thrives at altitudes between 3000 and 4800 meters in southeastern Tibet and northwestern Yunnan.
- Lomatogonium perenne T.N.Ho & SWLiu : It thrives at altitudes between 3900 and 4400 meters in Qinghai (Jigzhi Xian), Shaanxi (Taibai Shan), in western Sichuan, in eastern Tibet and in northwestern Yunnan.
- Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fr. ex Fernald : It has a wide distribution area in China, Japan, Kazakhstan , Mongolia, Russia, Europe and North America.
- Lomatogonium sichuanense Z.Y.Zhu : It is only found in Sichuan.
- Lomatogonium sikkimense (Burkill) Harry Sm . : It thrives in Tibet (Yadong Xian), Bhutan, Nepal and Sikkim.
- Lomatogonium spathulatum (A.Kern.) Fernald : It occurs in Pakistan.
- Lomatogonium stapfii (Burkill) Harry Sm . : It thrives in southern and southeastern Tibet, Bhutan, and eastern India.
- Lomatogonium zhongdianense S.W.Liu & TNHo : It is endemic only at altitudes of about 3300 meters in Zhongdian Xian in Yunnan.
swell
- Ting-nung Ho & James S. Pringle: Gentianaceae. : Lomatogonium , pp. 124-128 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 16 - Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1995. ISBN 0-915279-33-9 (sections description and systematics) (sections systematics and description)
Individual evidence
- ^ Lomatogonium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Lomatogonium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- ↑ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
