Titular diocese of Bethlehem
Bethlehem or Bethlehem ( French : Bethléem ; Italian : Betlemme ) is a titular bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church .
It is one of the first Titularbistümer the Roman Catholic Church, which since the expulsion of the Crusaders from the Holy Land in Palestine was established. It refers to Bethlehem , the site of the Church of the Nativity, which was assigned to the ecclesiastical province of Caesarea Maritima .
history
Seat in Bethlehem
Bethlehem was conquered by the Crusaders of the First Crusade on June 6, 1099 . The crusaders fortified Bethlehem and established a priory of the Augustinian order , which also held the services in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. The previously resident Christian Orthodox clergy was deposed and replaced by Catholic clergy. On Christmas Day 1100 Baldwin I was crowned King of Jerusalem in Bethlehem and in the same year Bethlehem was raised to a diocese by Pope Paschal II , as the suffragan diocese of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem .
In 1187, Bethlehem was conquered by the Muslim Ayyubids under Sultan Saladin . The Catholic clergy were evicted and the Orthodox clergy allowed to return. After the Third Crusade , Saladin allowed two Catholic priests and two deacons to return to the diocese as part of the Ramla peace agreement with Richard the Lionheart in 1192 . In 1229 Bethlehem was returned to the Kingdom of Jerusalem as part of the Jaffa Peace Treaty between Emperor Frederick II and the Ayyubid Sultan al-Kamil . In 1244, Bethlehem was conquered again by the Ayyubids. After the Mamluks took control of the Ayyubid Empire in 1250, relative tolerance on the Muslim side ended. The last Catholic clergy were expelled from Bethlehem in 1263 when the Mamluk Sultan also had the fortifications there destroyed. Catholic monks returned to Bethlehem in the 14th century. In the meantime, the Greek Orthodox Church had taken control of the Church of the Nativity, which from then on also granted access to Catholic and Armenian Christians.
Based in Burgundy
The Burgundian count and crusader Wilhelm IV of Nevers , who died in Bethlehem in 1168 and was buried there, gave the Bishop of Bethlehem a property called Hôpital de Panténor in the Burgundian town of Clamecy , along with some surrounding lands , shortly before his death . In 1223 the exiled Bishop of Bethlehem established his seat there as a makeshift.
The bishops of Bethlehem from then on exercised feudal rule over their Burgundian possessions and obtained an exempt position on this territory . The successors as bishops were elected at the suggestion of the Count , later the Dukes of Nevers , with the consent of the Pope and the King. In 1413, King Charles VI tried . The privilege of giving the bishops of Bethlehem the privileges of a French diocesan bishop, but failed due to the resistance of the French clergy so that they were still considered bishops in partibus infidelium . In 1635 the congregation of the French clergy granted them an annual pension. During the French Revolution in 1789, the bishops were deposed and expropriated.
Pure titular bishopric
The titular seat was vacant for a few decades until it was reoccupied in 1840. In the absence of any real estate of its own, the diocese was now an ordinary titular diocese . From 1840 until the very recent past, the title of bishop has always been given to the exemte abbot of Saint-Maurice ( Switzerland , canton Valais ). However, this practice was no longer observed in the last two abbots. The titular seat has therefore been vacant since 1987.
List of the Bishops and Titular Bishops of Bethlehem
Bishops of Bethlehem
- Ash time 1110 – around 1124
- Anselm 1132-1139
- Gerard I. 1147
- Radulf (1147–1153) –1173?
- Albert 1175–1186?
- Peter I. 1204-1206
- Regnier 1208? –1223?
Titular Bishops of Bethlehem to Panténor
- Geoffroi de Perfectis 1224-1247?
- Thomas Agni de Lentini 1225-1263; 1271–1277 Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
- Galhard d'Oursault 1263? –1275?
- Hugo de Curtis 1279–1296?
- Durand
- Gerard II. De Gisors, † 1300
- Wulfran d'Abbeville 1301-1316
- Jean d'Egglescliff (Eglesfield) 1317
- Peter II. 1347-1355?
- Adhémar de La Roche 1363
- Guillaume de Vallan 1381
- Jean de Genence 1391
- Philippe Framont 1395
- Guillaume de Martelet 1401-1402
- Jean Lami 1402-1407
- Lanfranc 1407–?
- Gérard III. 1409?
- Michel Cordelier 1410-1410
- Jean Marchand? –1422
- Laurent Pinon 1422-1424
- Jean de La Roche 1428-1433
- Dominique 1434-1436
- Arnoul-Guillaume de Limonne 1436-1457
- Gilles d'Auxerre 1452-1457?
- Étienne Pilerand 1457–1462
- Jean Bérétin 1462
- Antoine Buisson (1464–1468) -1483 or 1492
- François I. 1468-1472
- Christophe Lamy 1472-1477
- Jean Pilory Bilar 1477–?
- Bertrand d'Audigier 1481–1484
- Pierre de Saint-Maximin 1489-1492
- Hubert 1492-1492
- Jacques Héméré 1492-1497
- Jean L'Apôtre 1498
- Antoine Coinel (de Crenel) 1501-1512
- Martin Bailleux 1512-1521
- Philibert de Beaujeu 1521-1555
- Dominique Flélin 1555-1558
- Urbain Reversy 1558-1560
- Antoine Trusson 1560-1568
- Charles Bourbonnat 1568-1579
- Louis Hébert 1579–1584
- Simon Jourdain 1584-1591
- Louis de Clèves 1605-1609
- Jean de Cléves 1615-1619
- André de Sauzay 1623-1644
- Jean François de Bontemps 1644-1650
- Christophe d'Autier de Sisgau 1651–1663
- François de Batailler 1664-1701
- Louis de Sanlecque 1701
- Cherubin-Louis Le Bel, OFM 1713-1738
- Louis-Bernard La Taste OSB 1738–1754
- Charles-Marie de Quelen 1754–1777
- François-Camille Duranti-Lironcourt 1777–1802
Titular Bishops of Bethlehem since 1840
| Titular Bishops of Bethlehem | ||||
| No. | Surname | Office | from | to |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Etienne-Barthélémy Bagnoud CRA | Abbot of St. Moritz von Agaune ( Switzerland ) | July 3, 1840 | November 2, 1888 |
| 2 | Joseph Paccolat CRA | Abbot of St. Moritz von Agaune (Switzerland) | February 5, 1889 | April 4, 1909 |
| 3 | Joseph-Émile Abbet CRA | Abbot of St. Moritz von Agaune (Switzerland) | July 24, 1909 | August 3, 1914 |
| 4th | Joseph-Tobie Mariétan CRA | Abbot of St. Moritz von Agaune (Switzerland) | October 15, 1914 | February 8, 1931 |
| 5 | Bernhard Alexis Burquier CRA | Abbot of St. Moritz von Agaune (Switzerland) | August 22, 1932 | March 30, 1943 |
| 6th | Louis-Séverin Haller CRA | Abbot of St. Moritz von Agaune (Switzerland) | June 26, 1943 | 17th July 1987 |
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Segreteria di Stato , Libreria Editrice Vaticana : Annuario Pontificio 2012. ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0 , p. 849
- ↑ a b c History of Bethlehem . Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ^ Robert Speaight: The Companion Guide to Burgundy. Companion Guides, 1998, ISBN 978-1-90063917-0 , p. 4
- ^ Georges de Soultrait: Dictionnaire Topographique du Département de la Nièvre. Imprimerie Impériale, 1865, p. 14
- ^ Georges Goyau: Nevers. In: The Catholic Encyclopedia . Volume 10, Robert Appleton Company, New York 1911.
Literature and web links
- Louis de Mas Latrie: Trésor de chronologie, d'histoire et de geographie pour l'étude et l'emploi des documents du moyen-age. Paris 1889, pp. 391-39 ( online )
- Entry on catholic-hierarchy.org (English)