Tupersuatsiait

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Tupersuatsiait
Tuperssuatsiaite-742000.jpg
Fibrous, brownish yellow Tuperssuatsiait tuft from Wind Mountain, Cornudas Mountains, Otero County (New Mexico) , USA (field of view 2 mm)
General and classification
other names

IMA 1984-002

chemical formula
  • Na 2 (Fe 3+ , Mn 2+ ) 3 Si 8 O 20 (OH) 2 · 4H 2 O
  • NaFe 3+ 3 [OH | Si 4 O 10 ] 2 · H 2 O
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Silicates and germanates - layered silicates (phyllosilicates)
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		9.EE.20
74.03.01a.02
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system monoclinic
Crystal class ; symbol monoclinic prismatic; 2 / m
Space group C 2 / m (No. 12)Template: room group / 12
Lattice parameters a  = 13.73  Å ; b  = 18.00 Å; c  = 4.83 Å
β  = 104.3 °
Formula units Z  = 2
Twinning after {100}
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 2 to 3
Density (g / cm 3 ) calculated: 2.28
Cleavage good after {100}
Break ; Tenacity uneven; brittle
colour colorless, brown-yellow to brown-red or golden-yellow to orange-yellow, rarely also blue-green
Line color brownish yellow
transparency transparent
shine Glass to almost metallic gloss, in aggregates also silk gloss to matt
Crystal optics
Refractive indices n α  = 1.539
n β  = 1.560
n γ  = 1.595
Birefringence δ = 0.056
Optical character biaxial positive
Axis angle 2V = 103 ° to 103 ° (measured), 78 ° (calculated)

Tupersuatsiait is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of " silicates and germanates " with the chemical composition Na 2 (Fe 3+ , Mn 2+ ) 3 Si 8 O 20 (OH) 2 · 4H 2 O and thus chemically a water-containing sodium - Iron silicate with additional hydroxide ions . In addition, a small proportion of iron is predominantly represented by manganese in natural Tupersuatsiaites ( substitution , diadochie), whereby both proportions are always in the same proportion to the other components of the mineral.

Tupersuatsiait crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and structurally belongs to the layered silicates . The mineral usually develops needle-like to blade-shaped crystals that are stretched along the c-axis [001] and can be up to about two centimeters long. The surfaces of the transparent crystals have a glass-like to almost metal-like sheen . Typically, however, Tupersuatsiait is found in more translucent and radially radiating to spherical, fine-fiber mineral aggregates with silky shimmering to matt surfaces.

In its pure form, Tupersuatsiait is colorless. However, due to foreign admixtures , it usually takes on a brown-yellow to brown-red or golden-yellow to orange-yellow color. Blue-green Tupersuatsiaites were also rarely found.

Etymology and history

Tuperssuatsiait was discovered for the first time in a bay on the coast section Tupersuatsiaat (according to the old spelling Tuperssuatsiait ; German translation: rather large tents ), more precisely in the pegmatites of the " Ilimmaasaq complex " (also Ilimaussaq complex or English Ilímaussaq complex ) on the south coast of Tunulliarfik Fjord 12 km west of Narsaq in southern Greenland . The analysis and initial description was carried out by Sven Karup-Møller (* 1936) and Ole Valdemar Petersen (1939–2020), who named the mineral after its type locality .

Karup-Møller and Petersen submitted their test results and the chosen name to the International Mineralogical Association for examination in 1984 (internal entry number of the IMA: 1984-002), which recognized Tupersuatsiaite as an independent mineral species. The publication of the first description followed in the same year in the monthly issues of the specialist magazine New Yearbook for Mineralogy . The recognition was confirmed again in 1985 with the publication of the New Mineral Names in the specialist magazine American Mineralogist .

The type material of the mineral is in the Mineralogical Collection of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC in the USA under the collection no. 162402 kept.

classification

Since the Tupersuatsiaite was only recognized as an independent mineral in 1984, it is not yet listed in the 8th edition of the Strunz mineral classification, which has been outdated since 1977 . Only in the Lapis mineral directory according to Stefan Weiß, which, out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections, is still based on this old form of Karl Hugo Strunz's system , was the mineral given the system and mineral number. VIII / H.33-10 . In the “Lapis system” this corresponds to the class of “silicates and germanates” and there to the “layered silicates” section, whereby in groups VIII / H.29 to H.37 the layered silicates with other single layers [Si 6 O 15 ] 6 - and others are classified. Tuperssuatsiaite here forms together with Falcondoit , Ferrisepiolith , Kalifersit , Loughlinit , palygorskite , sepiolite , Windhoekit and Yofortierit an independent, but unnamed group (as of 2018).

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been valid since 2001 and updated by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) until 2009, also classifies the Tupersuatsiait in the "phyllosilicates" department. This is, however, further subdivided according to the structure of the layers, so that the mineral according to its composition can be found in the sub-section “Simple tetrahedral networks of 6-membered rings, connected by octahedral networks or bands”, where it can be found together with palygorskite and yofortierite "Palygorskitgruppe" with the system no. 9.EE.20 forms.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns Tupersuatsiait to the class of “silicates and Germanates” and there to the “layered silicates: modulated layers”. Here it is together with califersite, palygorskite and yofortierite in the "palygorskite sepiolite group (palygorskite subgroup)" with system no. 74.03.01a can be found in the subsection " Layered Silicates: Modulated Layers with Connected Stripes ".

Crystal structure

Tuperssuatsiait crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2 / m (space group no. 12) with the lattice parameters a  = 13.73  Å ; b  = 18.00 Å; c  = 4.83 Å and β = 104.3 ° as well as two formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 12

Modifications and varieties

A mineral originally described as ferripalygorskite turned out to be a variety of tupersuatsiaite in later investigations .

Education and Locations

Golden yellow, hair-shaped Tupersuatsiaite from the Demix-Varennes quarry, Canada
Reddish brown Tuperssuatsiaite aggregates from the Aris quarries, Namibia (field of view 3 cm)
Golden yellow Tupersuatsiait tufts from the same locality

Tupersuatsiait forms as a late precipitate in cavities in low-grade veins . At its type locality in Tuperssuatsiat Bay, the mineral was found in paragenesis with aegirine , albite , natrolite , orthoclase , sodalite and steenstrupine .

As a rare mineral formation, Tupersuatsiaite has so far only been proven in a few places, with slightly more than 10 sites worldwide being documented (as of 2021). In addition to the type locality mentioned, the mineral occurred in Greenland on the north bank of the Tunulliarfik Fjord and in the Lilleelv pegmatites in the Kangerdluarssuq Fjord (also Kangerluarsuk ) in the same municipality .

Well-known sites for well-developed Tupersuatsiaite are the "Aris quarries" (Ariskop Quarry and Railway Quarry) with phonolites and trachy basaltic corridors near the place of the same name about 25 km south of Windhoek in Namibia with almost sea ​​urchin-like reddish-brown, but also golden-yellow aggregates. In addition to some of the already mentioned, other accompanying minerals such as analcime , apophyllite , aragonite , bastnasite , eudialyte , makatite , microcline , villiaumite and titanite were added.

In Europe, Tuperssuatsiait has so far only been found in a pegmatitic natrolite stock on Mount Karnassurt in the Lowosero Tundra massif on the Kola Peninsula in the Russian Oblast of Murmansk.

Other previously known sites are the Bortolan quarry near Poços de Caldas in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, the Poudrette quarries on Mont Saint-Hilaire and Demix-Varennes near Varennes and Saint-Amable in the Canadian province of Québec with also golden-yellow, hair-shaped Tupersuatsiaite finds and the wind Mountain in Otero County of the US state New Mexico.

See also

literature

  • S. Karup-Møller, OV Petersen: Tuperssuatsiaite, a new mineral species from the Ilímaussaq intrusion in South Greenland . In: New yearbook for mineralogy, monthly books . 1984, p. 501-512 (English).
  • Pete J. Dunn, James A. Ferraiolo, Michael Fleischer, Volker Gobel, Joel D. Grice, Richard H. Langley, James E. Shigley, David A. Vanko, Janet A. Zilczer: New Mineral Names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 70 , 1985, pp. 1329–1335 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 731 kB ; accessed on January 6, 2021]).
  • John Leslie Jambor: New Mineral Names. New data . In: American Mineralogist . tape 77 , 1992, pp. 1305–1309 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 548 kB ; accessed on January 6, 2021]).
  • Fernando Cámara, Laurence AJ Garvie, Bertrand Devouard, Thomas L. Groy, Peter R. Buseck: The structure of Mn-rich tuperssuatsiaite: a palygorskite-related mineral . In: American Mineralogist . tape 87 , 2002, pp. 1458–1463 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 152 kB ; accessed on January 6, 2021]).

Web links

Commons : Tuperssuatsiaite  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Malcolm Back, William D. Birch, Michel Blondieau and others: The New IMA List of Minerals - A Work in Progress - Updated: January 2021. (PDF; 3.4 MB) In: cnmnc.main.jp . IMA / CNMNC, Marco Pasero, January 2021, accessed January 6, 2021 .
  2. ^ A b c Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  681 (English).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Tuperssuatsiaite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 (English, handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 83  kB ; accessed on January 6, 2021]).
  4. ↑ a b c Stefan Weiss: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h Tuperssuatsiaite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed January 6, 2021 .
  6. ↑ a b picture of blue-green Tuperssuatsiait tufts from the Aris quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas region, Namibia. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed January 6, 2021 .
  7. ↑ Karupmøllerite-Ca. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed January 7, 2021 .
  8. ^ Ole Johnsen, Robert A. Gault, Joel D. Grice, William D. Birch: Ole Valdemar Petersen (1939-2020) . In: Mineralogical Magazine . tape 84 , no. 3 , June 2020, p. 491–492 , doi : 10.1180 / mgm.2020.34 (English).
  9. ↑ Ernest H. Nickel , Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF; 1.82 MB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed January 6, 2021 .
  10. ↑ Glossary of Obsolete Mineral Names - F. (PDF 398 kB) Mineralogical Record, August 14, 2012, accessed on January 6, 2021 (English).
  11. ^ MH Hey, PG Embrey: Twenty-Eighth List of New Mineral Names . In: Mineralogical Magazine . tape 39 , no. 308 , December 1974, p. 903–932 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 2.0 MB ; accessed on January 6, 2021]).
  12. ↑ Localities for Tuperssuatsiaite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed January 6, 2021 .
  13. ↑ List of localities for Tuperssuatsiait in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat , accessed on January 6, 2021.