Völkershausen (Vacha)
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Völkershausen
City of Vacha
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| Height : | 330 m above sea level NHN |
| Incorporation : | December 31 2013 |
| Postal code : | 36404 |
| Area code : | 036962 |
 Location of Völkershausen in Vacha
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 Place view
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Völkershausen is a district of the city of Vacha in the Wartburg district in Thuringia .
geography
Völkershausen is about five kilometers south of Vacha in the Thuringian Rhön at the foot of the Öchsenberg and the Dietrichsberg . The Oechse flows east of the village . The district includes the small and individual settlements Busengraben , Furthmühle , Hedwigshof , Kohlgraben , Luttershof , Rodenberg , Sauermühle and Willmanns .
history
The oldest ground monument in the area is the Oechsen ramparts from the Latène period, 1.5 km from the village, on a 636 m high cone mountain.
The area of the Rhön was also called Buchonia in the High Middle Ages . The mountainous landscape was evangelized in the west by Bonifatius (sphere of influence of the imperial monasteries Fulda and Hersfeld ) and in the south and east by Kilian ( diocese of Würzburg ), which is still reminiscent of numerous church foundations and field names as well as a summit cross on the mountain Öchsen . Vacha and his environment did not belong to the Tulli field , so they were not assigned to the diocese of Würzburg. Up until the Reformation, Völkershausen was part of the Mainz district and was part of the Eisenach archdeaconate. The imperial monastery in Hersfeld owned the largest property and had designated the Counts of Frankenstein , who lived in Frankenstein Castle near Salzungen , as governors of their possessions in the Werra and Rhön regions.
The first mention of the place as Wulfricheshusen is dated to the year 827. The first documentary mention of Völkershausen dates from 1214. In the years that followed, the family of the Lords of Völkershausen played a role again and again, for the first time in a document dated December 6, 1214. Between the first mention of Völkershausen and the existence of Völkershausen as a court (from approx . 1300) is the construction of the castle, on the foundation walls of which the later "Upper Castle" was built around 1800.
The Lords of Völkershausen initially belonged to the service aristocracy of the Imperial Monastery of Hersfeld in the monastery bailiwick of the Counts of Frankenstein and became vassals of the Fulda Monastery after the fall of the Frankensteiners in 1330 (Frankenstein sales letter) . Their castle was in the upper part of the village - on the site of today's school and the adjacent properties. The oval castle, a hillside castle, was provided with an approximately 12 m wide moat and several defensive towers; In front of the castle was a complex of stables, workshops and farm buildings as the outer bailey.
Since other nobles had also acquired farms and property in the village of Völkershausen, part of Völkershausen was still owned by Herfeld, which led to tension. The relationship between the knights and the Fulda clergy was also not always unclouded: Eberhard von Spahl was part of a group of conspirators who murdered Abbot Bertho II von Leibolz in the Abtsburg in 1271 . The 26 knights involved were then declared outlawed. The subsequent abbot Bertho III. von Mackenzell had the murderers tracked down, who were found in the church in Kirchhasel and killed there. These events later led to the creation of the knightly canton of Buchen . The cantons were intended to strengthen the knights' political influence over the neighboring territories - in this case, the rule of the Fulda Monastery, the Counts of Henneberg and the Landgraves of Hesse and Thuringia, which was often geared towards expansion, was concerned . During the German Peasant War , parts of the knighthood joined the peasantry out of necessity, and in rare cases for humanitarian reasons. The knights of Völkershausen were besieged in their possessions by the rebellious peasants.
A Jewish religious community existed in Völkershausen until 1903. They built the Völkershausen synagogue in 1815/16 . In 1903 the strongly shrunk religious community dissolved, the remaining Jewish families from then on visited the Vacha synagogue . From 1914, no more Jews lived in Völkershausen.
At the beginning of the 20th century, on the initiative of the doctor Greff, there was a kind of spa in Völkershausen on the grounds of the castle that he owned at the time. The so-called Wandelhalle (now a community center) dates from this time. In 1912 a new school was built which, after extensive additions and extensions, was used as a regular school until 2006 .
On April 13, 1945, US troops occupied the place without a fight, they were replaced by the Red Army on July 14 . In 1960 the forced collectivization of agriculture took place. From 1961 to 1972 the place, which at that time belonged to the Bad Salzungen district, was included in the restricted area along the inner-German border . The most important event of modern times was the rockfall on March 13, 1989 , 2:02 p.m. When a larger field in the shaft of the " Ernst Thälmann " potash mine collapsed during a blast, an earthquake measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale occurred on the surface . Six people were injured and almost 80% of the local buildings were damaged. Practically all historical buildings, the castle with its outbuildings, the church and a number of private houses had to be demolished. So nothing in the present-day townscape reminds of the long and eventful history of the place. Damaged buildings still had to be removed within a radius of 12 km. The quake was registered across Germany. In terms of its strength, it was equivalent to the hitherto most powerful mining-induced quake in Witwatersrand in South Africa in 1977.
As of December 31, 2013, the place was incorporated into the city of Vacha .
Population development
| year | Residents |
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| 1995 | 1242 |
| 2000 | 1201 |
| 2005 | 1201 |
| 2010 | 1171 |
| 2011 | 1170 |
| 2012 | 1176 |
- Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values from December 31st
Local mayor
To volunteer district mayor was Stefan Schramm (FWG Völkershausen) selected.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Uwe Reipert .
Economy and Infrastructure
Industry and agriculture
Agricultural production has never played a major role in the Rhön due to the poor soil. Cattle breeding ( Rhön sheep ) should be mentioned at most . The region was therefore a very poor country in the past. Therefore, towards the end of the 19th century , many men in the village went to work in Westphalia, for example . It was not until the founding of the basalt quarries on the Oechsenberg and Dietrichsberg as well as the opening of various potash pits in the area around the turn of the 20th century that the region became prosperous.
traffic
Völkershausen is on the country road 2601 , which leads from Vacha to Oechsen .
Völkershausen is connected to local public transport by bus route 111 (Vacha – Völkershausen – Oechsen) operated by the Wartburgmobil transport company .
The nearest connection to the railway traffic has existed since the closure of the railway line Bad Salzungen-Vacha on Bad Salzungen Station .
Attractions
- With the exception of a few half-timbered houses, the majority of the town's historical building structure fell victim to the mountain crash of 1989, including Völkershausen Castle and the historic St. Anne's Church . The evangelical Michaeliskirche that exists today dates from 1992.
- There are several historical tombstones next to the church and in the cemetery. A memorial stone commemorates the dead of both world wars.
- The peace linden tree in the center of the village was planted in 1871 on the occasion of the peace treaty in the Franco-German War and placed under protection as a natural monument in 1957 .
people
- Berthold II von Völkershausen , (around 1320–1387), abbot of the Imperial Abbey of Hersfeld .
- Völkershausen is the ancestral seat of the Lords of Völkershausen, a once famous knight family belonging to the Buchischen knight canton.
- The graphic artist and textile designer Richard Dölker (1896–1955) - artist name "Riccardo Dölcker" lived in the district of Kohlgraben in the 1950s. He is considered the inventor of batik painting and became famous in the 1930s for his series of motifs, Capri-Fischer, which he developed during a study visit to the Amalfi Coast. His “artist's grave”, composed of sheet metal elements designed like a silhouette, is located directly next to the Michaeliskirche in the cemetery of Völkershausen.
literature
- Georg Voss: Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach: Dermbach administrative district: District court districts Vacha, Geisa, Stadtlengsfeld, Kaltennordheim and Ostheim vd Rhön , Jena 1911 digitized
- Olaf Ditzel, Walter Höhn: Vacha and the neighboring communities in the Oechsetal . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg / Fulda 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-121-8 , p. 25-27 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Adalbert Schröter: Land on the road. The history of the Catholic parishes in the Thuringian Rhön . St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-7462-0430-5 , p. 161-162 .
- ↑ There are different statements for the years 776 and 786.
- ^ Regesta diplomatica necnon. Dobencker; Volume II.
- ↑ Document from 1214 gives reason to celebrate. In: Südthüringer Zeitung , Bad Salzungen edition of May 3, 2012, p. 13.
- ↑ Johannes Schmidt: It happened at Christmas 1271. In: Schlitzer Bote. December 24, 2003, archived from the original on January 7, 2014 ; retrieved on May 6, 2012 : “Because of ongoing robberies that also started from this castle, the Fulda abbot Bertho II von Leibolz had the Ebersburg and other castles destroyed in 1270/71. Hermann von Ebersburg was captured and executed in Fulda. This harsh procedure outraged the knights and sparked a conspiracy. Under the leadership of Giso von Steinau they murdered the abbot in the castle chapel of Fulda, then fled to Steinau castle and from there devastated the Fulda area. "
- ↑ Israel Schwierz: Evidence of the Jewish Past in Thuringia (PDF; 23.7 MB), p. 257 ff.
- ↑ Jan Eik , Klaus Behling : classified. The greatest secrets of the GDR . Verlag Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-360-01944-8 , pp. 258-260.
- ↑ Elections in the Free State of Thuringia - district / local mayor election 2019 in Thuringia - final result. Thuringian State Office for Statistics, accessed on August 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Wartburgmobil transport company - regional transport offers and current timetables from June 1, 2019, accessed on August 19, 2019.
- ^ Biedermann: Natural monuments in the Wartburg district; District Office Wartburgkreis, 2014, page 67
- ^ Ingeborg Fiegert: Artistic textile design . VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, Leipzig 1982, p. 231 .
Martinroda | Upper cell with lower cell | Vacha with bathing laughs | Völkershausen with Busengraben , Furthmühle , Hedwigshof , Kohlgraben , Luttershof , Rodenberg , Sauermühle and Willmanns | Wölferbütt with Mariengart and Masbach
Desolations : Heiligenroda , Niederndorf and Schwenge