Processing stages of agricultural products

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Processing stages of agricultural products are the typical processing stages in agricultural production .

General

These are particularly important in terms of commercial law and on the agricultural market . The processing stages differ according to the processing that an agricultural product undergoes in order to achieve market readiness . Some products require only one processing stage ( harvest ), many have yet been grinding , roasting , peeling , drying and finishing one or more further processing stages are subjected. The animal husbandry including breeding and veterinary medicine is the core of the production process in livestock heard, which also includes the production of milk, cheese or animal fats in the second stage of processing. The further processing of the farm animals is done by slaughtering them into meat products .

Steps of further processing

There are three stages of further processing:

The processing stages relate to the main food groups and can be shown in the following table:

Processing stages
Agricultural product Work preparation First processing stage Second processing stage
Grain threshing Harvest , grinding into flour Bread , baked goods , cakes
Eggs Cleaning , sorting Cooking , dyeing Pasta , eggnog
fruit Picking , cleaning Drying , pickling Fruit juice , liqueurs , jams
Vegetables / potatoes Clean Harvesting, pickling, preserving , peeling Production of ready meals , frozen foods
Milk / dairy products Milking the raw milk Dairy to milk Butter , yoghurt , cheese , quark , other products with at least
75% milk content; Condensed milk , ice cream , powdered milk
Pigs , sheep , goats , cattle , game Clean Battles in half; Cattle in quarters further cutting, production of ham , schnitzel , steaks , sausage , etc.
Livestock by-products Clean Tanning into leather , spinning into wool Knitwear , clothing , leather goods
Chickens , ducks , turkeys , geese Cleaning, plucking Slaughter and cut in half further cutting and processing into chicken wings , foie gras

The threshing of the grain is not yet a first processing stage, but the grinding into flour. Milking the cows to obtain raw milk is not yet a first processing stage, but dairy into milk. The pressing of the wine is not yet a first processing stage, but the fermentation into wine. Activities such as cleaning, sorting, storage , drying or packaging are usually not the first processing of the agricultural natural product . A first processing stage only occurs when the processing has led to a different state of the product, such as the production of condensed milk or milk products (butter, cheese, etc.) from raw milk. When it is first processed must be decided on the basis of the circumstances of the individual case. The slaughter of cattle is part of the first processing stage. The delimitation criterion must be whether the initial processing is suitable for changing the natural product or whether its only aim is to distribute the product “naturally” for commercial purposes. In this respect, it will essentially depend on whether the natural product was influenced by the initial processing in such a way that risk factors that did not naturally exist.

Until December 2000, agricultural products were excluded from product liability as long as they had not undergone initial processing. In terms of product liability law, agricultural products are only comparable to industrial products once they have passed the first processing stage. However, since December 2000, agricultural products have been fully subject to product liability ( Section 2 ProdHaftG ), also because the definition of what a first processing stage means has not always been easy.

EU law

The "first processing stage" is a legal term in EU law , because Article 38 (1) TFEU ​​provides that among agricultural products, in addition to products from the soil and from animal husbandry , fisheries as well as products directly related to these are the first Processing stage belong to the agricultural products.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ LWK Infoservice: Legal provisions in direct marketing. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Chamber of Agriculture Rhineland-Palatinate , September 2012, p. 2 , archived from the original on August 9, 2014 ; Retrieved July 22, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lwk-rlp.de
  2. ↑ BT-Drs. 11/2447 of June 9, 1988, draft law on liability for defective products (Product Liability Act - ProdHaftG) , p. 12
  3. ↑ BT-Drs. 11/2447 of June 9, 1988, draft of a law on liability for defective products (Product Liability Act - ProdHaftG) , p. 12
  4. ^ Akademie-Verlag (ed.), Conference report , editions 225–230, 1984, p. 224
  5. ↑ BT-Drs. 11/2447 of June 9, 1988, draft of a law on liability for defective products (Product Liability Act - ProdHaftG) , p. 12
  6. ↑ BT-Drs. 11/2447 of June 9, 1988, draft law on liability for defective products (Product Liability Act - ProdHaftG) , pp. 12 and 17