Visitante Church (Warsaw)
| Visitantinnenkirche | |
|---|---|
 View from the Krakow suburbs |
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| Construction year: | 1651 |
| Inauguration: | 1654 |
| Style elements : | Baroque , Rococo |
| Client: | Catholic Church |
| Location: | 52 ° 14 '28 " N , 21 ° 1' 3" E |
| Address: | Ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 34 Warsaw Poland |
| Purpose: | Roman Catholic Church of Visitation |
| Diocese : | Warsaw |
The Visitantinnen Church (Polish: Kościół Wizytek ) in Warsaw is a basilica in Warsaw's boulevard, Krakowskie Przedmieście (No. 34). The church is dedicated to St. Joseph (therefore also called St. Joseph's Church ; Polish: Kościół Opieki św. Józefa ). It is located opposite the confluence of Ulica Królewska . The Roman Catholic Church is part of the historic monastery of the Visitantinnen located here . It is one of the most important sacred buildings in Warsaw and dates from the 18th century and has been a listed building since 1965 (No. 246).
history
As early as 1651 to 1654, the Polish Queen Luisa Maria Gonzaga had a wooden church built for Aloisius von Gonzaga on the site of today's basilica . This building was burned down in 1656 during the Swedish invasion of Warsaw - as part of the Second Northern War . In 1664, the foundation stone was laid for a new building in the presence of the Polish primate Wacław Leszczyński . The building, which was not yet completed, also burned down in 1695.
The current late baroque church was built according to a design by Carlo Antonio Bay . In 1727 an agreement was signed between the Warsaw Order of the Salesians and the architect. Construction of the church began on August 28, 1728 and was initially financed by Elżbieta Sieniawska (until 1733). Due to the following financial difficulties, the construction time was 33 years. From 1754 Ephraim Schröger completed the building; In 1765 the interior was also finished.
On August 15, 1761, a mass was held in the church for the first time and on September 20, d. J. was carried out by the Kiev Bishop Józef Andrzej Załuski the consecration . In 1847 and 1848 the church was restored under the direction of Henryk Marconi .
The basilica was one of only a few buildings in the inner city of Warsaw that was not destroyed during the Second World War and has been able to retain its original furnishings to this day. Many works of art accumulated over the centuries are still here. In 1955 and 1967/68 extensive repair and renovation work was carried out on the building.
Frédéric Chopin and Jan Twardowski
Two important Poles are connected with the history of the Church. Frédéric Chopin, a high school student at the time, played the organ for the church choir during school masses . A memorial plaque reminds of this. And in the 1960s Jan Twardowski worked here as provost . He lived in the monastery of the Visitantes, where he wrote his poems or sermons, which he then gave in the church. At the church entrance there is an epitaph dedicated to him in the form of a prayer chair , which contains one of his poems.
Stefan Wyszyński monument
A monument by Andrzej Renes to Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński , Poland's primate from 1948 to 1981 , has stood in the forecourt of the building since 1987 .
architecture
The sacred building, which is important in terms of architecture and history, is a three-aisled basilica with a presbytery , which is sometimes described as having a single nave with rows of chapels on the sides . The late baroque, three-storey facade with graceful proportions is characterized by columns and niches occupied by statues and decorated with a delicate Rococo decor. The light and shadow effect of the facade architecture is emphasized by the slightly advanced middle section and the somewhat concave side sections. In parts it already shows the transition from Rococo to Classicism . The sculptures and stucco work come from the workshop of Johann Georg Plersch .
inner space
The interior of the church is also kept in the late baroque style. The main nave is flooded with light and has a rhythmic arrangement of columns. The two side aisles have the shape of six oval domed chapels open to the main nave.
The high main altar was made after Ephraim Schröger von Plersch. It has diagonally arranged double columns from whose entablature a group of sculptures emerges. The tabernacle of French origin made of ebony and inserted into the altar structure was donated by Luisa Maria Gonzaga in 1654; it looks like a small church and is from the previous building. It was originally located in the Villa Regia chapel . It is complemented by silver plates, in which the goldsmith Hermann Potthoff was also involved. The altar painting (“The Visitation of Mary”) is by Tadeusz Kuntze (from the end of the 18th century). Daniel Schultz created the painting “Saint Luis Gonzaga” and Szymon Czechowicz created the “Saint Francis de Sales”.
The rococo pulpit - also by Plersch - is symbolically designed in the form of a boat (after 1762). Above the entrance door to the sacristy in the right nave are portraits of King John II Casimir and Queen Luisa Maria.
organ
The organ was built by Antoni Szymański in 1909. The instrument has 13 stops on two manual works and a pedal . The actions are mechanical.
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- Coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
literature
- Peter H. Baumgarten (Head), Poland. Baedeker Allianz travel guide . Verlag Karl Baedeker, ISBN 3-87504-542-4 , Ostfildern 1993, p. 415
- Julius A. Chroscicki and Andrzej Rottermund, Architectural Atlas of Warsaw , 1st edition, Arkady, Warsaw 1978, p. 82
- Janusz Durko, album Warszawski / Warsaw album. The image of the city according to the collections in the Historical Museum of the capital Warsaw , German-Polish edition, Agencja Reklamowo-Wydawnicza A. Grzegorczyk, ISBN 83-86902-73-6 , Warsaw 2000, p. 66
- J. Klecel, 400 Lat Zakonu Nawiedzenia NMP , 24-page brochure of the Order (in Polish), printed by Zakłady Graficzne Taurus, Warsaw, undated
- Janina Rukowska, Travel Guide Warsaw and Surroundings , 3rd edition, ISBN 83-217-2380-2 , Sport i Turystyka, Warsaw 1982, p. 74
- Reinhold Vetter, Between Wisła / Vistula, Bug and Karpaty / Carpathian Mountains . in: Poland. History, art and landscape of an ancient European cultural nation . DuMont Art Travel Guide, 3rd edition, DuMont Buchverlag, ISBN 3-7701-2023-X , Cologne 1991, pp. 159f.
References and comments
- ↑ Elżbieta Helena Sieniawska, b. Lubomirska (1669–1729) was a Polish nobleman, the wife of a hetman and a patron of the arts. She had great political influence and was called the uncrowned Queen of Poland at the time
- ↑ according to Information Church of St. Joseph, Bridegroom of Mary ( Memento of the original from June 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from Warsawtour.pl , the official website of the City of Warsaw ( Warsaw Tourist Office ), accessed on July 10, 2012
- ↑ z. B. with Julius A. Chroscicki and Andrzej Rottermund, Architectural Atlas of Warsaw or with Reinhold Vetter, Between Wisła / Vistula, Bug and Karpaty / Carpathians , in: Poland. History, art and landscape of an old European cultural nation , DuMont art travel guide, both see LitVerz.
- ↑ according to Peter H. Baumgarten (Head), Poland. Baedeker Allianz travel guide , see LitVerz.
- ^ Tadeusz Kuntze or Kuntze-Konicz (1727–1793) was a Polish painter.
- ↑ Information about the organ (Polish)
