Guard duty in the Bundeswehr

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Guardian as a gate post at the ID check

The security service in the armed forces is an order of the scheduled soldier is transferred for a limited time. The security service protects the scope, also known as the security area, which usually includes military areas and military security areas, from unauthorized access, prevents crimes against the Bundeswehr, protects against espionage , sabotage and decomposition and monitors military order.

The watch job is regulated by various laws and ordinances . Relevant here are the Central Service Regulations (ZDv) A-1130/21 - "The Guard Service in the Bundeswehr ", the law on the application of direct coercion and the exercise of special powers by soldiers of the Bundeswehr and allied armed forces as well as civil security guards ( UZwGBw ) and the Superiors Ordinance (VorgV). The local conditions are taken into account in the "Special Watch Instructions" ordered by the barracks commandant. The guard conducts the flag parade twice a day and supervises the non-commissioned officers from the service of the individual companies outside of working hours .

The soldier who does guard duty is placed under the supervision of his superiors through the gates for the duration of the guard duty.

Every guard is a “superior with a special area of ​​responsibility” and, according to Section 3 of the Superiors Ordinance (VorgV), is in charge of all soldiers who are in his area of ​​responsibility and who are not his superiors. In military areas and military security areas, he is authorized to issue instructions to civilians who are in his guard area.

staff

According to ZDv A-1130/21, there is a purely military guard, which is usually assigned for 24 hours and can also be referred to as a "guard parade", of soldiers who hold appropriate positions that may differ from the ranks . The guard train also reflects the occupation of a regular train according to the so-called StAN , in which an officer (first lieutenant or lieutenant ) platoon leader, a sergeant rank ( Hauptfeldwebel or Oberfeldwebel ) deputy platoon leader, a sergeant rank (Oberfeldwebel or Feldwebel) group leader and a sergeant rank ( Staff NCO or NCO) should be deputy squad leader.

An exception to this rule is mostly at Bundeswehr schools, where prospective NCOs and officers as part of their training also include e.g. B. be used in the rank of sergeant or staff sergeant as a guard.

If necessary, the guard can be reinforced by the regional security and support forces formed from reservists . The following positions are available:

Guard Officer (OvWa)

The officer from the guard service ( OvWa ) describes the position of the platoon leader of a military or civil guard platoon. Depending on its location, the OvWa is an officer or a NCO with portepee , only rarely a staff officer .

The OvWa leads the military or civil security personnel to carry out the watch job. He is responsible for military security and maintaining discipline.

As part of his duties, he is regularly represented by the deputy officer from the security service (Deputy OvWa) or directly by the person on watch . After the instruction on the watch he carries out the gates of his subordinates, which means that they are removed from their old command area and given authority to give orders according to § 3 VorgV for the special area of ​​responsibility "taking over the watch service". According to Section 21 of the Defense Disciplinary Code (WDO), security personnel can only be temporarily arrested by the security superiors.

The watch trip (from watch cycle , coll. For the duration of the watch period) of the OvWa usually lasts 24 hours. However, during this waking period there can be multiple OvWas. The barracks commander is entitled to order regulations according to which, for example, one officer is used as OvWa for the daytime and another officer for the night. Such regulations are z. B. at schools of the armed forces, if OvWa service doors are used there as trainers and are indispensable for training during the day.

In the Army and Air Force , OvWa and, if necessary, his deputy wear a silver-gray braided shoulder cord over their right shoulder as a distinguishing mark on their uniform . Furthermore, this silver shoulder cord is worn by the guard on duty and his deputy. In the navy , officers from the watch service and those on watch wear a gold-colored, oval metal badge that is attached to the left breast pocket and depicts an anchor framed by a wreath of oak leaves (the so-called "guard egg").

Deputy officer from the security service (stvOvWa)

A deputy officer from the guard service ( stvOvWa ) is required and assigned if the type of object or the number of guards who are subordinate to the OvWa requires it. The ZDv A-1130/21 also provides that, depending on the size of the object to be guarded, other deputy officers can be used by the security service. It is also provided that the deputy officer from the guard duty can be dispensed with if the guard area is correspondingly small. This is regulated in the "Special Watch Instructions". As a rule, younger officers and NCOs with portepee are used.

Watchman (WaHa)

The guard on duty ( WaHa ) refers to the position of the leader of a military or civil guard. He is in front of the guards according to § 3 Superiors Ordinance (VorgV) and reports directly to the OvWa or his deputy. The service is carried out by at least one non-commissioned officer who has passed his training as a watch officer and has sufficient practical experience as a deputy watch officer. As part of his duties, he is regularly represented by the Deputy Guard (StvWH) , who must have the appropriate training and experience. Both WaHa and the stvWaHa wear a braided, silver-colored cord made of woven metal under the right shoulder flap as a distinguishing mark.

Guards

Guard soldier refers to the position of a soldier in the context of guard duty. They are mostly used as posts and strips. The guard soldiers also include the soldiers who are on duty inside or near the guard house. During their service they wear an armband with the inscription " Wache" or " Streife" on their left upper arm to distinguish them from normal soldiers and to indicate their superior status. Teams are mostly used as guards. The corresponding training usually already takes place in the basic training .

Supervisors

In the army , a is wax superior entitled assumed wax superior and guards or civil security guards as part of the security service commands to grant or civilian guards against transfers.

Group of people

The group of guard superiors is also defined in (ZDv) A-1130/21 - "The guard service in the Bundeswehr". The highest security officer is the holder of the command and command authority (IBuK), i.e. in peace the Federal Minister of Defense in the event of a defense the Federal Chancellor. He can appoint a personal deputy (usually a State Secretary ) who has the authority to issue orders on your behalf and who performs this function primarily during the Minister's stays abroad. The General Inspector of the Federal Armed Forces is authorized by permanent order of the Federal Minister of Defense to also submit soldiers belonging to the security service by declaring themselves in accordance with Section 6 of the Superiors Ordinance (VorgV). Only in this case is the inspector general also the superior of the watch. Some units of the Bundeswehr that are assigned to or subordinate to NATO formations also have additional (guard) superiors.

Guard superiors who are not on duty in the guard house are:

The barracks commander and his superiors have no watch duties and do not belong to the group of security personnel who have powers under the UZwGBw , even if they are watch superiors. If the barracks commander is not a soldier, but a member of the Bundeswehr administration, he has the authority to issue instructions (“official order”) to guard duty soldiers.

OvWa and stvOvWa are provided by soldiers in the required rank in accordance with the "special guard instructions" of a Bundeswehr property and belong to the group of guards themselves, so they are so-called personnel with guard duties according to the UZwgBw. A stvOvWa is only to be used if the type of object or the number of guards subordinate to the OvWa requires it. In contrast to the barracks commander and his guard superiors, they have powers under the UZwGBw. If necessary, an emergency train can also be placed under the OvWa .

The officer for the security service, who is similarly deployed in properties of the Federal Armed Forces administration, has the tasks of the OvWa and also the associated powers of the UZwGBw.

Additionally at military guards

If the guard is made up of soldiers, the following superiors are added below the OvWa / stvOvWa:

  • The watchman (WaHa) and
  • the deputy guard on duty (stvWaHa).

The guards, in turn, report to them.

WH and stvWH do their duty in the guardhouse and, like OvWa and stvOvWa, belong to the group of guards. As security guards, they also have powers under the UZwGBw. Both are gated together with the stvOvWa and the guards from the OvWa .

Additionally at civil guards

In the course of austerity measures, the Bundeswehr is increasingly switching to having all types of military areas secured by civil security services . If the guard in the guard house is made up of civilian guards, the following superiors below the OvWa / stvOvWa or officers for the guard service are added, who are also charged:

  • The guard head (guard),
  • the guard shift leader (WachSFhr) and
  • the deputy guard shift leader (Deputy Guardian).

The named civil security superiors perform their duties in the same way as the WH and the Deputy Warehouse Guard and have powers according to the UZwGBw.

The military superiors have the authority to issue instructions to civilian guards in the Bundeswehr (“official order”). For civil guards commercial security company that's right to issue the Company noted details of the commercial security of the respective Bundeswehr property are regulated by contract. The basis for such contracts is the operator model protection for personnel and cost-saving guarding of Bundeswehr properties.

Organizational chart (simplified)

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Guard and Guard Superiors (Bundeswehr) .png

Immediate compulsion

Under certain conditions, members of the guard may exercise direct coercion against other people (including civilians); here the law on the application of direct coercion and the exercise of special powers by soldiers of the Bundeswehr and allied armed forces as well as civil security guards (UZwGBw) and its enforcement regulations apply.

Missing the watch

If a guard superior fails to supervise the guard in accordance with his duties, guard soldiers unlawfully leave their post or patrol route, or guard personnel are unable to perform duty, they can be sentenced to imprisonment of up to three years, in particularly severe terms, in accordance with Section 44 of the Military Penal Act Cases of up to six years are sentenced. Failure to follow watch orders, the corresponding attempts, as well as negligence in the event of serious consequences are also punishable under this law.

See also

literature

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ ZDv A-1130/21, No. 301: "The stvOvWa is only to be used if the type of object or the number of guards who are subordinate to the OvWa requires it."