Gartlberg pilgrimage church

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The pilgrimage church on the Gartlberg

The Gartlberg pilgrimage church is located in Gartlberg , a north-eastern district of Pfarrkirchen in Bavaria .

It is visible from afar on a plateau about 70 m higher . The double-towered baroque church with onion domes was built between approx. 1661/62 and approx. 1668/69 by the church builder Domeniko Christoph Zuccalli from Graubünden . The two plasterers Giovanni Battista Carlone and Giovanni Paolo d'Allio , who worked in parallel on Passau Cathedral , essentially designed the choir in 1689/90. The further interior work (choir and nave) dragged on until 1713 and was done by Bavarian artists.

history

Pilgrimage and church buildings arise on the Gartlberg

Today’s Gartlberg Church owes its existence to three religiously motivated roots.

On the one hand, it had become customary in Pfarrkirchen at least half a century before the foundation stone was laid for the pilgrimage church to give a passion play (a “comedy”) during Holy Week . In 1608 an official invoice reports about it. From the Gartlberg calculations of 1669 it emerges for the first time that the passion play of the suffering and death of Christ was already performed within the church building, which was probably completed shortly before: “During the martyr weeks (Holy Week), ermelter (sic) Werckmaister and 3 carpenters had 7 Aichpaumb (Oak trunks) chopped off and opened the Pün (stage) to the comedy in the little church on the Gärttlberg. "

On the other hand, on March 3, 1659, the parish church citizen and hat maker Wolf (gang) Schmierdorffer secretly pinned a Vesper picture - the depiction of the Sorrowful Mother of God with the dead Christ on her lap - on a pine tree , which he acquired from a Protestant family in Regensburg in 1634 would have. Schmidorffer performed his daily devotion in front of the portrait, especially since his wife had reproached him for neglecting his duties as a breadwinner and father of a family. Soon three peasant girls discovered the miraculous image and "on the following Easter holidays it experienced a strong influx of pious people." At that time, the Gartlberg was still a densely wooded hill, but it probably already had the nimbus of a "holy mountain". Three crosses were probably erected on its summit before the devotional image was attached or shortly afterwards, an early evidence of a Calvary complex in what was then baroque Bavaria. The visitors of the Passion Play, which was performed on the mountain from Maundy Thursday to Holy Saturday , now looked for the found image out of curiosity. Within a year, the first miraculous signs came from this devotional image. The uplifting “wild pilgrimage to the Gartlberg” was initially viewed with skepticism by the clerical and secular authorities. Soon a wooden chapel was built around the pine with the Vespers picture and since 1660 mass has been read with the permission of the bishop. The dean and pastor of the parish church at the time reported to the Bishop of Passau that the pious pilgrims had already donated 200 guilders .

Finally, thirdly - in 1659 - the long-established parish church Corpus Christi brotherhood began building a Holy Sepulcher chapel not far from this miraculous Vesper image. In view of the increasing pilgrimage, the considerations for a large church building must have taken on concrete forms, because in a petition to the cathedral chapter of Passau (between 1662 and 1663) the parish churchmen asked for approval for a new church to be built above the Holy Sepulcher chapel: “… At the Wundertettigen vesper forms on the Gärttlberg al here to the parish church vnnd y over the Holy: Grave alda To increase the honor of God also several Fried ... a new Kürchen Gebeu Add ... "

As early as 1660, Franciscan fathers from neighboring Eggenfelden were appointed for the pilgrimage pastoral care . They supervised the pilgrimage to the “miraculous image” and the Holy Sepulcher Chapel, which grew steadily from 1660, and may well have contributed to the idea of ​​encasing the existing chapel with a new church. The current model for this was found in Assisi , where the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli had been under construction since 1569 and was close to completion in 1660. It built over the portiuncula chapel, in which the founder of the Franciscan order, St. Francis passed away. Apparently the Franciscans intended to build a Lower Bavarian version of the Portiuncula Chapel on the Gartlberg. Other examples are the baroque pilgrimage church of Sammarei , consecrated in 1631, in the Passau district and Maria Einsiedeln in the Swiss canton of Schwyz . The Portiuncula indulgence promoted by the Franciscans is eloquent evidence of this .

On November 16, 1687, the miraculous image was transferred to the newly built pilgrimage church. The baroque church building with a two-tower west facade, visible from afar in the Rottal , was consecrated on July 11, 1688 not only for the burial and resurrection of Christ, but also for Our Lady of Sorrows. The story of the origins of the pilgrimage on the Gartlberg found its logical conclusion in this double patronage .

In its heyday, the pilgrimage brought over 25,000 people to the Gartlberg each year. In 1802, secularization brought them to a virtual standstill. Pious foundations, however, managed to secure the pilgrimage through beneficiaries who had lived next to the church since 1748. The Salvatorians replaced them in 1921 . With them the Gartlberg again became an important pilgrimage site for the Virgin Mary. The Salvatorians left Gartlberg in the summer of 2014. In 2015 the Pauline Order took over the monastery, from which three priests look after the pilgrimage pastoral care.

To the building history

The pilgrimage church from the northeast with the Holy Sepulcher Chapel (left in the picture) and sacristy to the north under a pent roof
Choir and nave

In 1661 the “Welsh master mason” and then “town mason master of Burghausen” Domenico Cristoforo Zuccalli was won. Construction probably began around 1662 or 1663, especially since the above-mentioned request for building permission was addressed to the Cathedral Chapter of Passau during this period. When the local master carpenter Zaininger put the Welsh domed domes on the two west towers in 1668 (height: 25 meters), the exterior building was completed: it is a single-nave complex with a little retracted, just closing choir . The total length is approx. 35 meters, the width of the nave (inside) approx. 10 meters. The first Passion Play was performed in the Gartlberg Church in 1668. The heart of the new church, the Holy Sepulcher Chapel, then seemed to have turned out to be disruptive for the worship services.

Holy Sepulcher or Holy Sepulcher Chapel

Around 1670, the interior of the chapel, which had since become dilapidated, was demolished and rebuilt from August 1677 - again as a burial chapel - immediately adjacent to the east choir of the new church. The master builder was Carlo Antonio Carlone , who was then working in Passau.

The funerary chapel by Carlo Antonio Carlone not only shows traditional forms when viewed from the outside, which had emerged for copies of the Holy Sepulcher Chapel in Jerusalem: pointed arches with three-quarter pillars in between. It is also closed polygonally . The interior, accessible behind the high altar , also points to Jerusalem. A low anteroom leads to the actual burial chamber, which can only be entered while stooping.

Furnishing

inner space
Fresco by Carl Adam in the 2nd yoke in front of the choir arch, center: St. Archangel Michael and an angel with a bow and arrow ward off Satan and the other evil spirits
Choir

In 1688/89 Giovanni Battista Carlone and Giovanni Paolo d'Allio, who were both working in Passau Cathedral at the same time, were responsible for decorating the choir, stuccoing and performing the high altar. In the choir vault, four paintings “in heavy colors” by Carl Adam in 1688 were executed in two bays . They reflect the eight petitions of the Our Father : The picture themes in the 1st yoke are:

  1. God the Father ("Our Father in Heaven")
  2. Angels worship the name of Jesus ("hallowed be your name")
  3. God the Father sends his Son to the supplicants ("Thy Kingdom come")
  4. Christ on the Mount of Olives ("Thy will be done")

The picture themes in the 2nd yoke are:

  1. The wonderful multiplication of bread ("give us today our daily bread")
  2. Atonement before God ("forgive us our guilt")
  3. Christ is tempted by Satan ("lead us not into temptation")
  4. Archangel Michael and an angel protect man ("deliver us from evil")
Altar sheet "Resurrection of Christ" by Franz Ignaz Bendl
High altar and altarpiece

The mighty high altar by Giovanni Battista Carlone and Giovanni Paolo d'Allio "takes up the entire height and width of the east wall and presents itself as an impressive four-column structure with a base zone and powerful stepped beams in the segment arch." It was not until 1713 that the Munich plasterer Georg Josef Paader added the four stucco columns one - two each on the sides of the large altar leaf. They are supported or carried by four caryatid angels. In the narrow gap between the outer wall of the choir and the pillars, the white stucco figure of St. Joseph and on the right that of St. Joachim (Father of Mary). The monumental high altar picture "Resurrection of Christ", set in a white stucco frame, bursts open the gable of the high altar with its semicircular top. The “excellent work” by the Pfarrkirchen painter Franz Ignaz Bendl (son of the carver Johann Christoph Bendl) impressively demonstrates two events: In the upper zone, Christ ascends to heaven, flanked by numerous angels; his gaze and his blessing rights are related to the believers in the nave. In contrast to this, an almost contemplative scene unfolds in the lower image zone: the three Marys are grouped in front of the open grave cave, slightly to the right; two of them are still turned to the left, where they have just learned the resurrection of Christ from two angels wrapped in white robes. The central figure in the middle, the youthful Mother of God, takes the upper part of her cloak with her right hand, apparently to conceal her face and her long hair instantly. Immediately in front of her, the miraculous image of Our Lady of Sorrows points to her and, moreover, crowns the neoclassical tabernacle .

Central ceiling fresco (nave): Birth of Christ (foreground), Annunciation of the Lord with the Holy Spirit (left), Adoration of the Shepherds (right), God the Father as ruler of the world (above): "I believe ... And in Jesus Christ, ... received by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary ... "
Longhouse

The stucco decoration of the three-yoke barrel vault and the stitching caps was carried out from 1713 by the Augsburg master Ehrgott Bernhard Bendl (younger brother of Franz Ignaz Bendl) from parish churches . The difference between the nave and choir stucco is immediately apparent when entering the single-nave church interior: "The white 'Welsche stucco' on the ceiling in the choir is heavy, almost burdensome, while the 'Bavarian stucco' on the nave ceiling is light and tinted."

The ceiling frescoes in the nave vault and under the gallery, including the oval pictures on the choir arch and on the west wall above the gallery are works by Johann Paul Vogl from Braunau am Inn and by Johann Eustach Kendlpacher from Munich. Thematically, the twelve fields relate to the articles of the Apostles' Creed .

The pulpit, a "magnificent polygonal structure", was completed in 1692 by three masters. The carpentry work was carried out by Wolf Stadler from Arnstorf , the carving work was done by the parish church masters Michael Christoph Emmerer and Simon Hörmann . In the aedicules there are the standing figures of Christ as Salvator mundi , who is accompanied on both sides by the evangelists (pulpit), as well as the five church fathers (above the sound cover). The figure of the Archangel Michael serves as the crowning element.

The two side altars on the choir arch as well as the stucco marble portals in the south and north walls of the nave probably also come from the workshop of the plasterer Georg Josef Paader .

Holy Sepulcher Chapel

Three remarkable carvings by the parish church master Johann Christoph Bendl from 1662 can be found here. It concerns the corpse of the Lord stretched out on a grave altar, which was probably already created for the first burial chapel, as well as two guards at the tomb of Jesus on both sides of the grave entrance.

organ

The first organ in the church was built by Johann Ernestzellner as early as 1692. In 1725 an instrument by Franz Nikolaus Frosch followed, which was replaced by Martin Hechenberger in 1886 . Today's organ was made by Ludwig Eisenbarth in 1956. The two-manual instrument has 23  registers and electric action with a neo-baroque disposition . Hechenberger's historic bellows are still used today for the central wind supply.

Bells

The two towers house five bells:

No.
  		Surname
  		Chime
  		Casting year
  		Bell caster
 
1 Resurrection bell of the 1st 1950 Hahn , Landshut
2 Marienbell it 1 1950 Hahn, Landshut
3 Joseph Bell f 1 1950 Hahn, Landshut
4th Guardian angel bell as 1 1950 Hahn, Landshut
4th Sacrament bell b 1 1924

literature

  • Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church to Our Lady of Sorrows . In: Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bayern II: Niederbayern , Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-422-03007-7 .
  • Erich Eder: The origin of the pilgrimage to the Sorrowful Mother of God on the Gartlberg above parish churches . In: Home to Rott and Inn . Volume 16, 1981, pp. 104-110.
  • Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church. 1688-1988 . Edited by the Gartlberg / Pfarrkirchen Förderverein, 1988. (This commemorative publication brings together all the crucial archival material.)
  • Josef Huber: Pilgrimage Church to the Sorrowful Mother of God Gartlberg, parish churches. Diocese of Passau, district of Pfarrkirchen / Lower Bavaria . Schnell and Steiner, Munich 1959, 2nd edition 1972.
  • Fritz Markmiller: A picture proof of the older figure of the Gartlberg near Pfarrkirchen . In: Home to Rott and Inn . Volume 17, 1982. pp. 57-60.
  • Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage church for the resurrection of Christ and the Sorrowful Mother of God. Diocese of Passau, district of Rottal-Inn with the district town of Pfarrkirchen, Lower Bavaria . Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 2006, ISBN 3-89643-588-4 .

Web links

Commons : Wallfahrtskirche Gartlberg (Pfarrkirchen)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 26 '  N , 12 ° 57'  E

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 15.
  2. ↑ Cf. Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 8 and Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church of the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 572f.
  3. ↑ Cf. Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 8ff.
  4. ↑ See Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 14
  5. ^ Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 15; see. also Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 8
  6. ^ Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 10
  7. ↑ Cf. Fritz Markmiller: A picture proof of the older figure of the Gartlberg near Pfarrkirchen , p. 59
  8. ↑ See Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 11 ff.
  9. ↑ See Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 17
  10. ↑ See Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 17f.
  11. ^ Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 19
  12. ↑ See the former homepage of the Salvatorkolleg Gartlberg
  13. ↑ Cf. Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 5
  14. ^ Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 15
  15. ↑ Gerhard Gruber: Salvatorians leave Gartlberg. Passau Diocese Gazette, accessed on July 6, 2014 .
  16. ↑ New branch in Gartlberg .
  17. ↑ Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 7
  18. ↑ Cf. Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 8 and Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church of the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 572
  19. ↑ Cf. Erich Eder: The origin of the pilgrimage to Our Lady of Sorrows on Gartlberg above Pfarrkirchen , p. 107f.
  20. ↑ See Adolf Hochholzer: 300 years of the Gartlberg pilgrimage church , p. 21
  21. ↑ Cf. Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church to the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 572 and Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church to the Resurrection of Christ and the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 29
  22. ↑ Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church to Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 573
  23. ↑ Cf. Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 13
  24. ↑ Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 18
  25. ↑ Cf. Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 18.
  26. ↑ Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church to Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 573
  27. ↑ Cf. Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 18, Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church of the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 573f.
  28. ↑ Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church for the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 9f. See Adolf Hochholzer: 300 Years of the Gartlberg Pilgrimage Church , p. 31
  29. ↑ Cf. Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church to the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 574 and Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church to the Resurrection of Christ and the Sorrowful Mother of God , p. 9ff.
  30. ↑ Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church of Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 574
  31. ↑ Cf. Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church to Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 574 and Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church of the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 23
  32. ↑ Cf. Michael Brix: Pilgrimage Church to Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 574 and Nikolaus Wucher: Pilgrimage Church of the Resurrection of Christ and Our Lady of Sorrows , p. 21f.
  33. ↑ a b Peda Art Guide No. 588/2006, ISBN 3-89643-588-4 .