White (Lohsa)

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Whitish
Wysoka
Lohsa municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′ 51 ″  N , 14 ° 23 ′ 24 ″  E
Height : 137-147 m above sea level NN
Residents : 71  (December 31, 2016)
Incorporation : April 1, 1938
Incorporated into: Hermsdorf / Spree
Postal code : 02999
Area code : 035724

Weißig , Upper Sorbian Wysoka ? / i , is a district of the Saxon community Lohsa in the district of Bautzen . It is located in the Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape Biosphere Reserve and is in the northern part of the Sorbian settlement area of Upper Lusatia . Audio file / audio sample

geography

Weißig is located south of Lohsa in the form of a lane village between Hermsdorf / Spree and Steinitz . Between Weißig and Caminau in the west there is an opencast mine, east of the town the Kleine Spree flows in a northerly direction. The place is surrounded by several large forests.

The place Weißig lies at the foot of the 160  m above sea level. NN high Eichberg, at the top of which there is a monument.

history

Local history

The castle in Weißig

The place was first mentioned in a document as a prophecy in 1419. The two created in the 15th century manors united Hans Siegmund von Luttitz 1676th

In May 1813, Eichberg was the scene of a battle between the Napoleonic for the Prussian and Russian armies . As a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , the former Saxon village with the greater part of Lusatia became part of the Kingdom of Prussia , and two boundary stones on the southern boundary marked the Prussian-Saxon state border. Unlike, for example, the village of Dauban in the neighboring Rothenburg district, which was later renamed , Weißig was able to remain in the Saxon parish of Königswartha . In 1825, Weißig came from the province of Brandenburg to the province of Silesia by founding the district of Hoyerswerda .

In the 19th century, the Weißig estate, which had been in bourgeois ownership since 1816, was connected to the neighboring Steinitz and Kolbitz estates to the north . Weißig Castle, built in the 17th century, was used as a hunting lodge for a time. Two quarries were operated on the Eichberg, and after 1870 the landowner Tholuck searched in vain for coal in two shafts.

Weißig was incorporated into Hermsdorf / Spree in 1938 and reclassified to Steinitz in 1945, but came back to the Hermsdorf / Spree community in 1948. After the Second World War , many Germans streamed from the former eastern territories into the Sorbian region, which after the reprisals of the Nazi era led to the Sorbian language being pushed out of everyday life.

Hermsdorf and Weißig have been part of the Lohsa community since January 1, 1994 .

Battle of Eichberg

The Eichberg lies in the middle of a glacial valley, has a height of 161 m and was the battle site in May 1813 of the battles between allied troops of Prussia and Russia against the Napoleons and his allies, including the Kingdom of Saxony. Napoleon's retreat after the defeat in Russia led the associations he had recently collected through Upper Lusatia, among other places. Thereupon the Russian commander-in-chief, General Wittgenstein , as well as the Prussian General Blücher called on the Saxon youths to join the allies as volunteers. This happened en masse, also Weißiger were among the volunteers. On May 19, 1813, Marshal Ney , coming from Hoyerswerda , advanced with 60,000 men against Prussian-Russian troop units near Bautzen . The aim of the Prussian-Russian army, which was under the command of Count Barclay de Tolly , was not to allow Ney's troops to meet with the other French units that were already in front of Bautzen.

On May 19, 1813 at 2 p.m., the Prussian General Yorck arrived in Hermsdorf. The exhausted troops should rest there first to prepare for the coming battle. But they suddenly heard the noise of battle from the direction of Königswartha. There the Russian troops, who marched separately from Yorck, were involved in fighting with an Italian division. Therefore there was no rest for the Yorck troops, the general immediately gave the order to intervene. A farmer in the area led a detachment of hussars there by the shortest route. But at Eichberg, Yorck came into contact with the enemy. The strategically and tactically important point was fought over until 9 p.m. Late in the evening General Yorck ordered them to retreat to the Kreckwitz Heights. Of the 5673 men under his command, 246 soldiers and 13 officers fell, 1411 soldiers and 62 officers were wounded. Although the allied Russian and Prussian armies lost the battle, the French advance on Bautzen could be stopped by around seven hours.

For the 100th anniversary, a granite monument in the shape of a truncated pyramid was built on the summit of the Eichberg . The fenced-in monument bears old cannon balls that have already been weathered. "The fallen heroes" is written on the top memorial plaque.

The Eichberg as a geological monument

Just a few steps from the monument mentioned above, you descend into large pits that were not created by nature. You stand here on a geological monument. Many years ago, deposits of alum slate were discovered here, which it was believed could be used as roofing slate. However, the gray-blue rock is too crumbly, as it was formed around 500 million years ago, i.e. before granite and roofing slate were formed in the Silurian Mountains. This rock was lifted up by the Caledonian mountain formation, so geometrically shaped signs can be found in the alum slate, millions of years old traces of living beings, so-called graptolites, key fossils of the Silurian . Copper deposits were also found in these layers, but not in minable quantities. So it was only with attempts at dismantling. The wide, deep pits can be traced back to mining attempts. An old Sorbian folk custom has been preserved on the lonely mountain in the heath, the Easter gun shooting. The Eichberg is called Dubič in Sorbian .

Population development

year Residents
1825 128
1871 188
1885 131
1905 121
1925 119
2007 76
2009 76

In 1600, three gardeners and 15 cottagers lived in Weißig . Almost 10 years after the end of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), only the 15 cottages were occupied. In the Saxon state recession in 1777, gardener and just as many cottager positions were reported to Dresden, but by the beginning of the 19th century the ratio had shifted to six gardener positions and 22 cottage industry positions.

As part of the first Prussian survey in 1825, 128 inhabitants were counted, the number of which had increased by almost half to 188 by 1871, but had fallen below the old level by 1905. In 1925 116 of the 119 inhabitants belonged to the Protestant denomination.

In the 19th century the population was almost entirely Sorbian. Around 1884, Arnošt Muka identified only one German among the 154 inhabitants.

Sources and further reading

literature

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
  2. ↑ Weißig in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  3. ^ Upper Lusatian heather and pond landscape. A regional survey in the Lohsa, Klitten, Großdubrau and Baruth area , p. 394.
  4. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 94 .

Web links

Commons : Weißig  - collection of images, videos and audio files