Meadow pea

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Meadow pea
Meadow pea (Lathyrus pratensis)

Meadow pea ( Lathyrus pratensis )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Flat peas ( Lathyrus )
Type : Meadow pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus pratensis
L.

The meadow flat pea ( Lathyrus pratensis ), also called vetch , is a species of plant from the genus flat peas ( Lathyrus ). It is the most common Lathyrus species in Central Europe .

description

Illustration from storm
Leaf with tendril
The stem (here on average) is square and narrowly winged.
Inflorescence with zygomorphic flowers
Blossom, open at the bottom and stamen tube visible.
Unripe legumes
Seeds

Appearance and leaf

The meadow flat pea grows as a deciduous, perennial, herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 60, rarely up to 100 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy or hairless ( indument ). It often has several, ascending or climbing, square stems that are often heavily branched and wingless.

The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The pinnate leaf blades consist of only a single pair of plumage and one or more terminal tendrils . The leaflets are lanceolate to narrowly elliptical. Often the pinnate leaves are clearly multi-veined and longitudinally veined on the underside. The stipules are arrow-shaped and only slightly smaller and of a shape comparable to the pinnate leaves.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends from June to August. Over a long inflorescence stem usually five to ten (three to twelve) flowers sit together in a racemose inflorescence . The hermaphrodite flowers are about 15 millimeters long, zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five bright yellow petals form the typical shape of the butterfly flower .

Fruit and seeds

The glabrous legume , black when ripe, is elongated and flat with a length of 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters. The seeds are spherical.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14 or 28.

ecology

The meadow pea is a mesomorphic hemicryptophyte . Vegetative reproduction occurs through long, underground runners .

The meadow flat pea has roots up to 25, rarely more than 100 centimeters deep. As a symbiosis , root nodules contain the nitrogen-fixing nodule bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum .

The pollination is done by insects. From an ecological point of view, these are "butterfly flowers with a folding mechanism". The pollen is deposited on the stylus brush. As "power flowers", the flowers can only be opened by large bees , especially bumblebees .

The legumes open like a typical dehydration spreader, i.e. xerochas (self-expansion). When ripe, from August to September, the legumes turn black and can therefore absorb heat particularly intensively. The spherical seeds spread out like trolleys; in addition, the seeds often spread randomly through the hay , etc.

The meadow pea is usually avoided by cattle because it contains bitter substances . But it is not poisonous. It is the preferred caterpillar forage plant for the ink blotch whitefly ( Leptidea sinapis ).

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the meadow flat pea extends over the temperate areas of Eurasia to the subtropics of East Africa . The meadow flat pea is naturalized in North America and is one of the neophytes there .

In the Allgäu Alps, the species rises on the southern slope of the Kegelkopf in Bavaria up to 1800 m above sea level.

The meadow pea grows on nutrient-rich, not too dry meadows. It thrives best on loamy and humus-rich soils . In the plant-sociological system, the meadow pea is a species of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class in Central Europe, but it also occurs in societies of the Trifolion medii or the Polygono-Trisetion associations.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Lathyrus pratensis was done by Carl von Linné . The specific epithet pratensis means "growing on meadows".

Common names

Other common names are or were Honigwicken ( Silesia ), Gelber Klee ( Bern ), Geele Quintches ( East Friesland ), Strümpf ( St. Gallen near Sargans ), Schüala (St. Gallen near Sargans), Gelb Vogelwicki ( Switzerland ) and Wie (Silesia) .

use

In the past, sweet peas ("farina fabarum") was used pharmaceutically in medicine.

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literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Lathyrus pratensis L., meadow flat pea. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  618 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 158.
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 204, online.
  5. ↑ Jürgen Martin: The 'Ulmer Wundarznei'. Introduction - Text - Glossary on a monument to German specialist prose from the 15th century. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 52), ISBN 3-88479-801-4 (also medical dissertation Würzburg 1990), p. 191.

Web links

Commons : Meadow pea ( Lathyrus pratensis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files