Wilhelm Schleiermacher

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wilhelm Schleiermacher (born May 4, 1904 in Karlsruhe , † February 25, 1977 in Heidelberg ) was a German classical philologist , provincial Roman archaeologist and long-time second director of the Roman-Germanic Commission in Frankfurt am Main .

life and work

Wilhelm Schleiermacher was born as the son of Elise Turban (1860–1933) and August Schleiermacher (1857–1953), who taught electricity and theoretical physics as a professor at the Technical University of Karlsruhe . After attending the humanistic Bismarck high school in Karlsruhe, Wilhelm Schleiermacher studied classical philology and antiquity at the universities of Berlin , Munich and Freiburg . Freiburg was historian and Limes researcher Ernst Fabricius (1857-1942), his teacher and he was there on 25 February 1927, a philological dissertation on the composition of two Hippocratic writings doctorate .

Schleiermacher passed the state examination for the higher teaching post in autumn 1927 and received the certificate of employability as teaching post assessor in 1929 . He then took leave and went on study trips to Italy and France with the travel grant of the German Archaeological Institute . After a brief activity in the school service, he turned to the provincial Roman archeology and was brought in by Fabricius as a scientific assistant to the Imperial Limes Commission in May 1931 . There he wrote contributions to the last outstanding volumes of the Limes work . The National Socialists had canceled the position of director of the Saalburg Museum , but in July 1935 they appointed Schleiermacher as its acting director. In this function he was also involved in the excavations at Fort Zugmantel in 1936 and 1937 . Schleiermacher was recalled as early as 1938 and appointed second director of the Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute . He held this position - with an interruption - from March 1, 1938 until his retirement on May 31, 1966.

At the beginning of the Second World War he was drafted into the Wehrmacht in 1939 . From the beginning of 1941 Schleiermacher was a member of the Department of Prehistory and Archeology, headed by Eduard Neuffer (1900–1954), in the military art protection department in occupied France, based in Paris . Art protection was assigned to the Army High Command - Quartermaster General . As part of the creation of an art protection card index, he worked in the prehistoric museum of Carnac in the summer of 1941 , but left the art protection again on December 31, 1941. From the beginning of 1942 he was in Frankfurt continuously, but was called up again in autumn 1943 and was slightly wounded in September 1943. Even during the war he managed to work temporarily in the Roman-Germanic Commission. He devoted himself to the library and the writings published by the commission. Schleiermacher was interned as a member of the NSDAP in a French camp after the end of the war and initially dismissed as second director of the Roman-Germanic Commission under Act No. 104 on the Liberation from National Socialism and Militarism of March 5, 1946 .

After the end of his imprisonment, he spent the following time mostly with relatives in Jechtingen am Kaiserstuhl , where he helped in agriculture. At the same time, however, he also worked on scientific studies, especially on the essay "The Upper German Limes and late Roman fortifications on the Rhine" that had already been started during the war.

On November 15, 1951, he was able to resume his work as Second Director. Building on the research of the Reich Limes Commission, Schleiermacher succeeded in summarizing the state of knowledge at the time and laying the foundations for a new beginning. In 1953 he received a teaching post at the University of Frankfurt for the subject of archeology in the Roman provinces. In 1959, together with Harald von Petrikovits (1911-2010), he founded the Limes Research Series published by the Roman-Germanic Commission . Studies on the organization of the Roman imperial border on the Rhine and Danube . Schleiermacher died in the Heidelberg University Clinic in 1977 after a long and severe suffering and was buried in his home town of Karlsruhe. The certificate issued by the Freiburg University for his golden doctoral jubilee no longer reached him.

Schleiermacher's strength lay in antiquarian and antiquarian studies. His interests were in Roman antiquity in the broadest sense. He gave decisive impulses for the Limes research after 1945.

Fonts (selection)

See the complete list of Diemut Beck's publications: Bibliography Wilhelm Schleiermacher . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 58, 1977, pp. III – XII.

  • Cambodunum - Kempten. A Roman city in the Allgäu . Habelt, Bonn 1972.
  • On the persistence of Celtic paganism against the Christian religion . In: Rome et le christianisme dans la région rhénane. Colloque du Center de recherches d'histoire des religions de l'Université de Strasbourg, 9-21 May 1960 . Paris 1963, pp. 127-137.
  • Les surnoms des divinités celtiques et germaniques en Rhénanie . In: Actes du second colloque international d'études gauloises, celtiques et protoceltiques, Mediolanum Biturigum MCMLXI, Chateaumeillant (Cher) 28−31 July 1961 . Ogam, Tradition celtique, Rennes 1962, pp. 269-272.
  • The Roman Limes in Germany. An archaeological guide for road trips and hikes. Mann, Berlin 1959, 2nd edition 1961, 3rd edition 1967.
  • Augusta Vindelicum, the capital of the Roman province of Raetia . In: Hermann Rinn (Ed.): Augusta 955–1955. Research and studies on the cultural and economic history of Augsburg . Rinn, Munich 1955, pp. 11-17.
  • The Upper German Limes and late Roman fortifications on the Rhine . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 33, 1943–1950 (1951), pp. 133–184.
  • Fortified ship landing of Valentinian . In: Germania 26, 1942, pp. 132-134.
  • with Werner Jorns : New observations on the Limes . In: Germania 23, 1939, pp. 36-39.
  • Studies of types of gods in the Roman Rhine provinces . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 23, 1933, pp. 109–143.
  • The composition of the Hippocratic script peri agmon, peri arthron emboles . In: Philologus 84, issue 3 u. 4 (1929), pp. 273-300 et al. Pp. 399-429 (= dissertation Freiburg im Breisgau 1927).

literature

  • Jan Filip (Hrsg.): Encyclopedic Handbook on Prehistory and Early History in Europe , Vol. 2. Akademia. Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Prag / Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1969, p. 1230.
  • Hans Schönberger : Wilhelm Schleiermacher in memory . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 58, 1977, pp. I – II.
  • Siegmar von Schnurbein : Outline of the development of the Roman-Germanic Commission under the individual directors from 1911 to 2002 . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 82, 2001, pp. 137–289.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Siegmar von Schnurbein: Outline of the development of the Roman-Germanic Commission under the individual directors from 1911 to 2002 . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 82, 2001, pp. 137–289; here: p. 217.
  2. ↑ On the role of the German Archaeological Institute and the Roman-Germanic Commission in the protection of art in France see Hubert Fehr : Germanen und Romanen im Merowingerreich. Early historical archeology between science and current affairs . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-021461-1 , pp. 417-447 and Laurent Olivier: Une "ambassade de l'archéologie allemande en France": le bureau "Préhistoire et archéologie" du art protection (1940-1944) . In: Jean-Pierre Legendre, Laurent Olivier, Bernadette Schnitzler (eds.): L'archéologie nationale-socialiste dans les pays occupés a l'Ouest du Reich . Infolio, Gollion 2007, ISBN 978-2-88474-804-9 , pp. 144-162.
  3. ↑ Reena Perschke: Between collaboration and resistance. Carnac and Vannes museums during the occupation of Brittany 1940-1944 . In: Museums under National Socialism. Actors - Places - Politics . Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2016, ISBN 978-3-412-22408-0 , pp. 323–338; here: p. 329.
  4. ^ Hubert Fehr: Teutons and Romanes in the Merovingian Empire. Early historical archeology between science and current affairs . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-021461-1 , p. 442.
  5. ^ Siegmar von Schnurbein: Outline of the development of the Roman-Germanic Commission under the individual directors from 1911 to 2002 . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 82, 2001, pp. 137–289; here: p. 217.
  6. ^ Siegmar von Schnurbein: Outline of the development of the Roman-Germanic Commission under the individual directors from 1911 to 2002 . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 82, 2001, pp. 137–289; here: p. 239 and P. 249.
  7. ↑ Werner Krämer : Gerhard Bersu - a German prehistoric, 1889-1964 . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 82, 2001, pp. 5–101; here: p. 80.
  8. ^ Siegmar von Schnurbein: Outline of the development of the Roman-Germanic Commission under the individual directors from 1911 to 2002 . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 82, 2001, pp. 137–289; here: p. 249, note 390.
  9. ^ Hans Ulrich Nuber : Provincial Roman archeology at German universities . In: Wolfgang Czysz, Claus-Michael Hüssen, Hans-Peter Kuhnen, C. Sebastian Sommer, Gerhard Weber (Hrsg.): Provinzialrömische Forschungen. Festschrift for Günter Ulbert on his 65th birthday . Leidorf, Espelkamp 1995, ISBN 3-89646-000-5 , pp. 397-406, here: p. 403.
  10. ↑ Schleiermacher suffered from Parkinson's disease since the 1950s . Siegmar von Schnurbein: Outline of the development of the Roman-Germanic Commission under the individual directors from 1911 to 2002 . In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 82, 2001, pp. 137–289; here: p. 157, note 405.
personal data
SURNAME Schleiermacher, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German classical philologist, Roman provincial archaeologist and Second Director of the Roman-Germanic Commission
DATE OF BIRTH May 4, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Karlsruhe
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1977
Place of death Heidelberg