Xamtanga

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Xamtanga

Spoken in

EthiopiaEthiopia Ethiopia
speaker 224,000
Linguistic
classification
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

-

ISO 639-3

xan

Xamtanga [ ˈχamtaŋa ] ( Ethiopian : ኃምታጛ; also known as Agawinya , Khamtanga , Simt'anga , Xamir and Xamta ) is a Central Kushitic language spoken by 224,000 speakers in Ethiopia . She is not endangered.

font

The standard font is the Ethiopian script . The table on the right shows the syllable characters of the Ethiopian script for Xamtanga.

Table of syllables in the Ethiopian script for Xamtanga
IPA ə u i a ɨ
h ~ ħ ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ህ
l ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ል
m መ ሙ ሚ ማ ም
ɾ ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ር
s ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ስ
ʃ ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሽ
k ' ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቅ
kʷʼ ቈ ቊ ቋ ቍ
β ~ v / b በ ቡ ቢ ባ ብ
t / tθ ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ት
t͡ʃ ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ች
x ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኅ
xʷ ኈ ኊ ኋ ኍ
n ነ ኑ ኒ ና ን
- አ ኡ ኢ ኣ እ
k ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ክ
kʷ ኰ ኲ ኳ ኵ
q ~ qʼ ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኽ
qʷ ዀ ዂ ዃ ዅ
w ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ው
z ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዝ
j የ ዩ ዪ ያ ይ
d ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ድ
d͡ʒ ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጅ
G ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ግ
G ጐ ጒ ጓ ጕ
ŋ ጘ ጙ ጚ ጛ ጝ
ŋʷ ⶓ ⶔ ⶕ ⶖ
t ' ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጥ
t͡ʃʼ ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጭ
s' ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጽ
f ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፍ

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i ɨ u
medium ə
Deep a

The central vowels / ɨ ə a / have different allophones depending on the neighboring consonants .

Consonants

labial Coronal Postalveolar
or palatal 		Velar Uvular Glottal
Tenuis Labialized Tenuis Labialized
Plosive and
affricate 		Unvoiced t t͡ʃ k kʷ q qʷ
Voiced b d d͡ʒ ɡ ɡʷ
Ejective tʼ t͡ʃʼ k ' kʷʼ
Fricative Unconscious f s ʃ χ χʷ h *
Voiced z
Ejective sʼ
nasal m n ŋ ŋʷ
Lateral l
Flap ɾ
Half vowels j w

Phonological processes

Gemination

In other places than the beginning of the word, Xamtange distinguishes between geminate and non-geminate consonants. For most consonants, the difference between a Geminat and a non-Geminat is simply a matter of length, but for the / btq / cases it is more complex. If it is not at the beginning of a word, / b / is a bilabial [β] or a laniodental fricative [v] , and / t / and / q / are the affricates [tθ qχ] . Their corresponding geminates can be lengthened [bː tː qː] or they can simply be shortened [btq] .

Geminate consonants do not appear at the beginning of a word and / btq / are plosives.

literature

  • DL Appleyard: A Grammatical Sketch of Khamtanga-I . In: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London . tape 50 , no. 2 , 1987, pp. 241-266 (English).
  • DL Appleyard: A Grammatical Sketch of Khamtanga — II . In: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London . tape 50 , no. 3 , 1987, pp. 470-507 (English).
  • DL Appleyard: A Definite Article in Xamtanga . In: African Languages ​​and Cultures . 1988, p. 15-24 (English).
  • DL Appleyard: A Comparative Dictionary of the Agaw Languages . In: Cushitic Language Studies . tape 24 . Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Cologne 2006 (English).
  • Chloé Darmon: L'agäw xamtanga: une langue couchitique en contact avec l'amharique . In: Pount. Cahiers d'études: Corne de l'Afrique - Arabie du Sud . tape 4 , 2010, p. 169-195 (French).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Xamtanga language, alphabet and pronunciation. In: Omniglot. Retrieved July 12, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c Xamtanga. In: Ethnologue . Accessed July 11, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Xamtanga. In: Glottolog. Retrieved July 11, 2019 .