Zagelsdorf

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Zagelsdorf
City of Dahme / Mark
Coordinates: 51 ° 53 ′ 8 ″  N , 13 ° 27 ′ 25 ″  E
Height : 82 m above sea level NHN
Incorporation : 1st January 1974
Postal code : 15936
Area code : 035451
Zagelsdorf (Brandenburg)
Zagelsdorf

Location of Zagelsdorf in Brandenburg
Village church
Village church
Volunteer firefighter

Zagelsdorf is a district of the official city of Dahme / Mark in the Brandenburg district of Teltow-Fläming .

Geographical location

The district is located in the northeast of the urban area of ​​Dahme in the southwest of the Teltow-Fläming district. With densely lined farmsteads, it stretches linearly along the village road leading from northwest to southeast as a defining thoroughfare, from which a junction in the center of the village leads over a narrow connection that partially overcomes low moor to Dahme in the southwest. East of the village it runs northeast towards Görsdorf and southwest towards Rosenthal.

geology

Because of the diversity of the Ice Age deposits found here, the soil societies are often heterogeneous and consist of deposits of ground moraines, old moraines and sand. The processes of the Saale Glaciation were formative for the geomorphology or landscape and soil genesis of the southern part of the Teltow-Fläming district. In the south, in the area between the towns of Burg and Dahme, the Baruther glacial valley meets the old moraine plates of the Saale-time glaciation border of the Fläming, which is part of the southern land ridge.

history

middle Ages

The foundation of the Zagelsdorf, first mentioned in 1346 as "Zagelstorff", took place independently of the Slavic pre-settlement of the region. Their traces can be seen from a Slavic fortification located 1.1 km as the crow flies in a south-south-west direction from the town center / the church on the edge of the Dahme lowland. To the south-east there seems to have been a bailey settlement that does not belong to the rural fortification system of state development that began here in the 13th century. In Zagelsdorf it is represented by the tower hill on the north-western outskirts in the area of ​​a younger manor house, the so-called "villa" (see below). It was created with the village in the second or during the heyday of the high medieval eastern settlement northeast of Dahmes and from a passage in connection with a branch of the so-called Lüneburg Salt Road and is with this as a permanent ground monument "Medieval and modern village center Zagelsdorf" in the monument list of the state of Brandenburg recorded (ground monument number 131098). The area of ​​the archaeological monument was repeatedly the target of archaeological construction support. In the process, findings from the late Middle Ages, early modern times and modern times were developed predominantly in terms of type and character. Prehistoric finds are known from the prehistoric burial mound, which is also designated for corridor 1 (ground monument number 131172).

It can be assumed that the village will be rebuilt as planned for new settlers. The fen in the area was much larger when Dahmes was founded in the 12th century and served as a natural protection for the urban area. Zagelsdorf emerged on its edge on an elongated valley sand island of fluvial deposits. The shape of the street village followed an initial layout of the classic external land development . Compared to late Slavic settlements of open properties near the water, the place was laid out on a dry, higher-lying area.

The village's estate was first mentioned in 1414 and was probably established parallel to the associated village church at the north-western end of the village, behind which the former estate extends.

According to its floor plan with a retracted tower with paired sound openings, the two entrances and the masonry design, the church probably originates from the end of the 14th century.

The development of Zagelsdorf served through the extraction of iron ore-containing rocks and lawn iron ore to expand the town of Dahme, which was first mentioned as Dama in 1164 and 1171. Corresponding materials were used, for example, in the construction of the Dahmes city wall. The agricultural production works among other things for the cloth making or wool weaving mill of the city, which was incorporated into the estates of Magdeburg under Bishop Wichmann after the Land of Jüterbog in the course of the state expansion in 1185. The "Burgwardium Dama" administered the region and is mentioned in 1186 under the possessions of the cathedral chapter of Brandenburg. In principle, the region belonged to the Archbishopric of Magdeburg throughout the Middle Ages , whose governors, who changed frequently, resided at Dahme Castle. However, due to the constantly shifting pledges, the situation turned out to be complex. Between the 12th and 14th centuries, however, they developed rapidly, promoted by the settlement of Flemish settlers, which was patronized by the Brandenburg margraves and the ecclesiastical rulers from the beginning of the 13th century and restricted the Slavic population. The building traditions introduced by them are attributed to the expansion of Dahme Castle in stone and brick after its fire in 1441, and a general change in urban and rural construction. It took place despite the region's economic decline in the period that followed, which was caused by negative climatic developments, epidemics and unrest. Destruction as a result of the Hussite storms is always asserted as particularly drastic , without the reference to the reformatory efforts being more precisely defined and analyzed. Rather, the relief of the imperial armies may have been decisive for lasting impairments. The urban environment is likely to have suffered particularly badly during the siege of Dahmes in 1457 by the troops of George of Podebrad and Jirí z Kunštátu a Podebrad, who were crowned King of Bohemia the following year . The consequences of further city fires in 1498 and 1563 also subjected the surrounding communities to severe demands.

Early modern age

The Zagelsdorf, which Archbishop Albrecht von Magdeburg gave as a fief to the von Schlieben family in 1532, like the city of Dahme, which was conquered by imperial troops in 1631, was hard hit by the devastation of the Thirty Years' War . After the land came under Electoral Saxony with the Peace of Prague in 1635 , the village fell largely desolate . The reasons were the continuing rural exodus of the population, who sought protection within the walls of the city of Dahme, which was besieged by Swedish troops in 1636, 1637 and 1638, combined with the destruction of the village church and the effects of the plague . In 1638 only two residents were recorded.

In spite of the looting of the surrounding area of ​​the city, cattle and grazing continued. It continued to form the basis of cloth production in Dahme, with the income from which the city was able to recover. From 1657 to 1746 the Amt Dahme belonged in the meantime under the line Sachsen-Weißenfels to the possessions of the principality of Querfurt . During this phase, the von Schlieben family leased and managed the counts of Solms-Sonnewalde from 1711 , Heinrich Wilhelm I. Nathusius from Luckau (1670–1737; tenant von Drehna ) from 1717 and Count Otto Ernst von Schönburg from 1721 after he married Wilhelmine Christiane von Solms-Sonnewalde took over the Zagelsdorf estate. Otto Ernst von Schönburg sold his rights to this, however, in the same year to Johann Adolf II of Saxony-Weissenfels, who resided in Dahme, for 10,800 thalers. As kitchen goods for the castle, which was built on his behalf on the remains of Dahmer Castle from 1715, the place and its surroundings have undergone a fundamental change. As a new manor house (sometimes euphemistically called Castle) was developed in parallel Zagelsdorf a simple two-storey building with siebenachsiger façade, under whose roof to be called. Drempel was a mezzanine. With the extinction of the Sachsen-Weißenfelser line in 1747, the consolidated region fell back to Electoral Saxony and Dahme subsequently even rose to become a royal seat . As a result, Zagelsdorf offered a profitable source of income, continued to be handed over on a temporary and long-term lease: A Georg Haberland received it from 1772 for an annual rent of 400 thalers and in 1774 the Leipzig wool merchant Johann Michael Schütte took over the estate for 11 years in order to farm or raise sheep here to continue. He sold the property to Johann Gottlieb Klunker , whose widow sold it to Marie Dorothea Scharssig in 1804/06 .

19th century

The economic boom of the 18th century, with which the medieval city limits were continuously abolished and the urban settlement area extended to the surrounding area, was followed by a turning point during the Napoleonic Wars . After the siege and conquest of Dahmes by Prussian troops in September 1813, the region fell to Prussia by decision of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , which incorporated it into the Jüterbog-Luckenwalde office and the Potsdam administrative region . In Zagelsdorf, Marie Dorothea Scharssig successfully reorganized the estate after the so-called Wars of Liberation . In 1819 a distillery added to the economy. When she died in 1832, it was acquired by Friedrich Pittelko, an accountant from Potsdam, who later also managed Gut Liepe , and who was able to release the previous owner's long-term lease obligations. After adding a third storey to the manor house, he had an extension with a balcony built on it and, in addition to the immediate expansion of the distillery, also expanded the land. In 1858 Pittelko tried unsuccessfully to ascend to the aristocracy through the recognition of Zagelsdorf as a manor , as insufficient sales were generated for such a manor .

20th century

Between 1893 and 1909, Anna Braumüller, the heiress, née Pittelko, ran the estate and had a new, small manor house called a “villa” built near the church. Her son Knut Braumüller ran the estate until the inflationary years and then had to sell the property between 1925 and 1926. The new owner was Johannes Werner in 1927 as a Berlin landscape gardener or garden architect who tried to specialize in rose growing here. He built up the Zagelsdorf nursery and converted the distillery, which burned down during the First World War, into a house. When Werner went bankrupt in 1935, the “ Siedlungsgenossenschaft Deutschland ” took over the manor after a foreclosure auction. This used it until 1939 as a country year home for girls and until 1945 as a teacher training institute (LBA).

The agricultural areas, divided into three economies, were used for the production of ornamental plants beyond the Second World War . After 1945 the manor house served as accommodation for resettlers, including members of the Pittelko family from Pomerania . After the GDR was founded , the manor house continued to be used as a teacher training facility and kindergarten, while VEG Sellendorf managed the land and the distillery as public property from 1951. On January 1, 1974, Zagelsdorf was incorporated into Dahme as part of a restructuring of the Luckau district in what was then Cottbus . The nursery, which was closed in 1990, was returned by the trust with the old distillery, the manor house and 2.8 hectares of land to the Werner family, which they sold in 1991.

The manor house was rented until 2000 and in 2001 it was acquired by the Christian Mission “Josua” eV (Dorfstrasse 8).

Culture and sights

literature

  • Tanya Armbruester : Results of the archaeological investigations in 2009 in Dahme / Mark (Land Brandenburg), Tischlergasse, Heinrich-Mann-Straße, Skaterweg and Jahnweg. Berlin 2010. ( academia.edu )
  • Friedrich Beck et al. (Ed.): Overview of the holdings of the Brandenburg State Main Archives Potsdam. Part 1: Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. Weimar 1964.
  • Martin Born : Geography of rural settlements. Volume 1: The genesis of settlement forms in Central Europe. Stuttgart 1977.
  • Adolf Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis. various volumes, Berlin 1833–1869.
  • Georg Dehio , Ernst Gall, Gerhard Vinken, Barbara Rimpel: Handbook of German art monuments. Munich / Berlin 2012.
  • Lieselott Enders , Evamaria Engel, Gerd Heinrich, Winfried Schich : City book Brandenburg and Berlin. (= German city book. Volume 2). Stuttgart / Berlin / Cologne 2000.
  • Eike Gringmuth-Dallmer : Settlement Models for Overlay Processes Using the Example of the Medieval German East Settlement '. . In: Rural Settlements between Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. (= Archeology and museum. 33). Liestal 1995, pp. 111-118.
  • Eike Gringmuth-Dallmer: Agricultural settlements in eastern Germany between the early and high Middle Ages. In: RURALIA. 1, Praha 1996, pp. 17-28.
  • Holger Grönwald : Practical Medieval and Modern Archeology. The investigations in the Franciscan monastery Gransee and new views of the old monastery. In: Claudia Theune , Felix Biermann , Ruth Struwe , Gerson H. Jeute (eds.): Between fjords and steppe. Commemorative publication for Johan Callmer on his 65th birthday. (= Studia honoraria. Volume 31). Rahden / Westf. 2010, pp. 461-476.
  • Holger Grönwald: Archaeological support for the construction project "Construction of a dining room with toilet facility as an extension to House Josua" on the property at Dorfstrasse 8 in the Zagelsdorf district (Dahme / Mark), corridor 1, parcel 51. Berlin 2016. academia.edu
  • Jens Henker : Archaeological investigation of the center of the village in the districts of Barnim and Märkisch-Oderland and their statements on the high medieval eastern settlement. In: Jens Henker, Tilo Schöfbeck , Uwe Weiß , Slavs and Germans in the High Middle Ages east of the Elbe. Archaeological-historical studies on settlement development. (= Studies on the Archeology of Europe. 7). Bonn 2006, pp. 15–141.
  • Gerd Heinrich (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 10: Berlin and Brandenburg (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 311). 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-520-31102-X .
  • Ernst Kube: Old and new from Zagelsdorf. In: Our Dahmer Land. No. 7, Dahme 1934.
  • Rudi Ogrissek : Village and Corridor in the German Democratic Republic. Small historical settlement studies. Leipzig 1961.
  • Carsten and Hiltrud Preuß: The manor houses and manor houses in the Teltow-Fläming district. Berlin / Wittenberg 2011.
  • Thorsten Westphal : Early urban development between the middle Elbe and the lower Oder between approx. 1150-1300 based on dendrochronological data. (= University research on prehistoric archeology. Volume 86). Bonn 2002, ISBN 3-7749-3103-8 .

Web links

Commons : Zagelsdorf  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Representation of the city of Dahme and the surrounding area on the Schmettauschen map M 1: 50,000, section 90, 2nd half of the 18th century (Berlin State Library - Prussian cultural property).
  2. ↑ 51 ° 52'47.4 "N 13 ° 26'36.2" E (WGS 84); 51.879824, 13.443397 (decimal degrees WGS 84); R: 4599498.256 (E), H: 5750512.913 (N; Gauß-Krüger). The ring-shaped system with a diameter of Durchmesser71 m (outer wall edge) has been plowed in as far as possible and can be seen in aerial photographs by detached vegetation features in the ditch area.
  3. ↑ Site 2, cf. Official journal for the Teltow-Fläming district, 19th year No. 21 ( Luckenwalde 2011) 14.
  4. ↑ See Gringmuth 1995, 112 as well as the same. 1996, 17.
  5. ↑ See Henker 2007, 15.
  6. ↑ The passage over sloping sands and flowing earths periglacial-limnic fillings led past a boggy lowland to the crossing of the Dahmefliee, occupied by the urban area and serving as a customs point.
  7. ↑ Construction supervision was found, for example, on the land at Dorfstrasse 8 by Holger Grönwald (ZTF 2010: BG / 112; subject catalog no. 2016-563; cf. Grönwald excavation report 2016 H. Grönwald 2016: Archaeological support for the construction project “Construction of a dining room with a toilet facility as an extension am Haus Josua “on the property at Dorfstrasse 8 in the Zagelsdorf district (Dahme / Mark) (website academia.edu, accessed on February 15, 2020) and Dorfstrasse 10b by Gerson H. Jeute .
  8. ↑ See map on the geology of the Teltow-Fläming district; UmLand - Teltow district. Landscape master plan, Map 3 - Geology (as of 2009).
  9. ↑ Cf. Ogrissek 1961, 133, Born 1977, 141 and Gringmuth 1995, 114.
  10. ↑ See Preuß 2011, 208.
  11. ↑ The nave of the church, consisting of a retracted square west tower with an attached nave made of irregular field stone masonry, was renewed in 1680, probably after destruction in the Thirty Years War, whereby the side windows and the exterior of the earlier three-window group in the east were enlarged rectangular (the earlier, walled-in central window is still recognizable). The simple pulpit and choir stalls date from this time. In the west, access is through a modern gate. The parish portal and priest gate on the south side are blocked, but their brick walls are still visible. Although the end of the parish portal is cut from the left window, like that of the priest's gate it should have been pointed arch. On the north side of the church is the addition of a glazed patron s box. It is plastered in the lower area, above it is half-timbered. A renewal of the church took place according to the date in the east gable in 1885 (cf. Dehio et al. 2012).
  12. ↑ See Heinrich 1985, 158 after Beck et al. 1964, 194–197 and 622 ff.
  13. ↑ On the dating cf. Westphal 2002, 67 based on excavation results at the Dame Castle (SK-No .: 1996-682).
  14. ↑ See CdB VIII 114/115 Certificate No. XXVII.
  15. ↑ See Beck et al. 1964, 194 and armbruester 2010, 7f.
  16. ↑ See Enders et al. 2000, 96.
  17. ↑ See Kube 1934, 21-23. Despite the plague, Dahme is characterized by an expansion of the city area.
  18. ↑ See Preuß 2011, 208.
  19. ↑ Between Dahme and Zagelsdorf, for example, a pheasantry emerged , which is still remembered today by a corresponding field name.
  20. ↑ Cf. the same 2011, 211. The simple facade decoration with horizontal stucco strips gave way to renovation measures after 1949 and is no longer preserved.
  21. ↑ See Beck et al. 1964, 195.
  22. ↑ See Preuß 2011, 211.
  23. ↑ Cf. inter alia. 2011, 209/210; the distillery was in operation until 1978 and was then only used as a warehouse.
  24. ^ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states. Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .