Tender horn leaf
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Tender horn leaf ( Ceratophyllum submersum ) |
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The tender horn leaf ( Ceratophyllum submersum ) is a plant species within the horn leaf family (Ceratophyllaceae). It is common in Eurasia and Africa and is also found in North and Central America. It is a rootless, year-round green, submerged , flooding aquatic plant .
description
The tender horn leaf is a perennial herbaceous plant . The stem becomes 25 to 60 centimeters long. The leaves are lively arranged on the stem. In contrast to the rough horn leaf, it has fine green leaves that are forked two to four times and only have a few (about 5 to 8) hardly visible teeth on the leaves.
The flowering period extends from June to August. The unisexual flowers have only one or two bracts . Male flowers contain 10 to 20 stamens . The fruits are always without thorns.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40 or 72.
ecology
The tender horn leaf is a hydrophyte .
The flowers, which usually bloom under water, are pollinated by the current of water. The fruits are also spread through the water and relatively often also through birds, which carry the sometimes sticky fruits to the nearest body of water. In autumn the plant forms turions (winter buds).
Occurrence
The Eurasian tender horn leaf is common in Europe and parts of Western Asia. In Eurasia its range extends from southern and central Europe , in the north to southern England and Denmark ; east to western Siberia and central Asia . Other occurrences are found in Mesopotamia , Africa, Florida and Hispaniola. Although the tender horn leaf is very warmth-loving, its distribution area extends to southern Scandinavia and southern Siberia , where it only inhabits particularly warm waters.
In Central Europe it is rare in the coastal area, very rare in the inland and in larger areas of Central Europe it is completely absent. The tender horn leaf was found in large parts of Germany. You can hardly find it south of the Main ; earlier occurrences are either extinguished here or they are based on incorrect determinations . Information from the Valais and the Alpine foothills is also questionable . It is rarely found in Carinthia . Due to the increasing eutrophication of water bodies, it is currently in increasing expansion.
The delicate horn leaf thrives in eutrophic stagnant waters. The tender horn leaf needs at least moderately nitrogen-rich , warm summer, standing water with a pronounced muddy bottom . It occurs in lakes or Söllen and in oxbow lakes , in bays sheltered from the wind or over shallow lake beds , i.e. presumably in water depths of less than 1.5 to 2 meters. It thrives in societies of the Lemnion, Nymphaeion or Potamogetonion associations.
Systematics and taxonomy
The first publication of Ceratophyllum submersum was in 1763 by Carl von Linné . The specific epithet submersum means submerged.
One can distinguish between two varieties:
- Ceratophyllum submersum var. Haynaldianum (Borbás) Wilmot-Dear : It occurs from Slovakia to Hungary.
- Ceratophyllum submersum var. Submersum : It occurs from Europe to Central Asia, from tropical Africa to the Arabian Peninsula, in Florida and on Hispaniola.
Common names
The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the tender horn leaf : Wasserzinken ( Silesia ) and Zinken ( Pomerania ) as well as smooth horn leaf.
swell
Tender horn leaf. In: FloraWeb.de.
literature
- Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe ,, Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, 2nd revised edition 1994, 2000, Volume 2, ISBN 3 440-08048-X.
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1: General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae. 2nd, supplemented edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants . Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , p. 166.
Web links
- Tender horn leaf. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Tender horn leaf . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Ceratophyllum submersum L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Ceratophyllum submersum inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: RV Lansdown, 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
- Data sheet with photos.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Ceratophyllum - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on January 26, 2017.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 392.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 88. ( online ).