Carolus Magnus colliery

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Carolus Magnus colliery
General information about the mine
other names Colliery Constantin the Great & Carolus Magnus
Colliery Carolus Magnus & Constantin the Great
Funding / year Max. 409,190 t
Information about the mining company
Employees up to 1341
Start of operation 1846
End of operation 1951
Successor use Wolfsbank colliery
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 29 '0 "  N , 6 ° 58' 10.9"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 29 '0 "  N , 6 ° 58' 10.9"  E
Carolus Magnus Colliery (Ruhr Regional Association)
Carolus Magnus colliery
Location Carolus Magnus colliery
Location Bergeborbeck
local community eat
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) eat
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The Carolus Magnus colliery was a hard coal mine in Essen - Bergeborbeck . In the period from 1854 to 1858 the mine was also called the Zeche Constantin der Große & Carolus Magnus or Zeche Carolus Magnus & Constantin der Große . The Carolus Magnus colliery was one of the founding members of the Association for Mining Interests. In addition, the Carolus Magnus union was one of the founding members of the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate . In the second half of the 19th century, the mine was one of the most important collieries in the Düsseldorf administrative district .

history

The beginnings

A prospecting request was filed on November 18, 1839 . In 1840 a mutation bore was created. At a depth of 42 1/4 Lach Tern a was seam with a thickness of 38 inch drilled. In 1841, the sinking work for the Lorchen mine began in the Carolus Magnus field . The Carolus Magnus union was founded by the Stinnes family. In 1842 the sinking work was postponed , in the same year the daytime facilities were built. In 1844 a steam engine was put into operation and the sinking work resumed. In December 1845 the Lorchen shaft was drained. The shaft was swamped the following year . On February 23 of the same year, the work of the devil was resumed. That same year, the mine fields Charlemagne and Constantine the Great to have Ernst Honigmann and Mathias Stinnes granted . After the shaft was sunk further, the carbon was reached at a depth of 89 meters . On July 1st of the same year, the seam was stripped. A test section to the northeast was set up at a depth of 95 meters . On November 18 of the same year a square was awarded. In 1847 the first level was set at a depth of 136 meters. The first coal was mined in the same year. In addition, 74 1/2 Kuxe were transferred from the Constantin the Great union to the Stinnes siblings that year . In the years 1846/1847 the district of Bergeborbeck received its own station of the Cologne-Minden Railway.

The first years of operation

Mining officially began in 1848. A joint operation was carried out with the Constantin der Große colliery, as it did not have its own shaft. Before 1850, the mine had its own rail connection. In 1850, the second level was set at a depth of 177 meters. In 1852 a coking plant was put into operation, which was first equipped with so-called beehive ovens in the Ruhr district . In 1854 the mine was leased to Phoenix Aktiengesellschaft für Bergbau und Metallbetrieb for 30 years . In the following year, the alignment of the third level began. This bottom was at a depth of 230 meters. In 1861, the main crosscuts into the hanging wall were continued on the 2nd level and the 3rd level . The Mathilde seam was approached with the crosscut on the 2nd level. In addition, a 45 inch powerful seam was hit and Verhieb taken. In the following year, the crosscuts on both levels were driven further . An auxiliary crosscut to the Carl seam was driven on the 2nd level. In addition, the Mathilde seam was reached with a driveway length of 261 1/2 laughs. Another crosscut was set on the third level in order to develop a 60-inch thick seam. At that time, the mine belonged to the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund and there to the Bergrevier Oberhausen. In 1864, the sinking work for the Carolus Magnus 1 shaft began. The shaft was in the middle of the field set . In the same year, the fourth level was set in the Lorchen shaft at a depth of 270 meters. The following year, difficulties arose during the sinking work in shaft 1. In 1868 the carbon was reached in shaft 1 at a depth of 100 meters. In 1869, the second level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 163 meters. In the same year, a hoisting machine was installed for shaft 1 . It was a horizontal twin machine that had an output of 150 hp . The hoisting machine was equipped with a bobbin as a cable carrier .

In the same year, shaft extraction was started in shaft 1 . The conveyor cage was equipped with four floors. In 1870, the third level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 198 meters. In the same year, the production in the Lorchen shaft was stopped. In 1871 the shaft 1 to the 4th level was put into operation. In the following year, a breakthrough between shaft 1 and Lorchen shaft was created on the 3rd level and the 4th level . In 1874 the fields Carolus Magnus and Constantine the Great were consolidated . The right now covered an area of ​​2.1 km 2 . In the same year, the 5th level was set in the Lorchen shaft at a depth of 291 meters. In the following year, the sinking work on shaft 1 was continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1877, a midsole was added at a depth of 270 meters. The following year, the 5th level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 291 meters. On May 11, 1882, there was a firedamp explosion at the mine , killing two miners . Just a few weeks later, on June 12, another firedamp explosion occurred, in which three miners were killed. In 1884 the lease contract with Phoenix Aktiengesellschaft für Bergbau und Metallbetrieb expired. After that, the mine continued to be operated by the Carolus Magnus union. In the same year, the 6th level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 343 meters. In 1888, the 7th level was set at a depth of 396 meters. In 1890 the condition of the Lorchen shaft had deteriorated considerably. The shaft was shut down in the same year. In the same year the mine received a coal washing plant and a sifting plant.

Expansion of the mine

In 1891, the sinking work for the Catho shaft (shaft 2) began in the Ostfeld. In the following year the shaft reached the carbon at a depth of 100 meters. To supply the mine with compressed air , a compressor was installed above ground. The compressor could produce 3,170 cubic meters of compressed air per hour at a pressure of five bar . In 1893, the 5th level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 297 meters. In the same year, the 7th level was set at a depth of 396 meters. For ventilation a day was mine fans installed. The fan was able to suck up to 2500 cubic meters of weather from the mine workings per hour . The fan was driven by a horizontal steam engine and the power was transmitted via a 45 millimeter thick hemp rope . The shaft went into operation that same year. In 1894, shaft 1 was converted into a weather shaft. Shaft 2 received a new hoisting machine this year. The machine had two cylindrical drums with a diameter of eight meters and a width of 1.8 meters as a cable carrier . The driving steam engine had an output of 400 hp. Up to eight trolleys could be lifted per conveying stroke. For dewatering , a Woolfsche dewatering machine was installed above ground . This machine had an output of 800 hp and could lift up to three cubic meters of pit water per minute from a depth of 500 meters. After the completion of the shaft 2 of the shaft Lorie was in 1895 thrown off and filled . In 1897 the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. For the planned construction of a central condensation unit, the construction of one of the associated machine sheds began this year. A second compressor was also installed. In 1898, a partial bottom was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 464 meters. In the same year, the 8th level was set at a depth of 528 meters.

From 1900 Hugo Stinnes was deputy chairman of the mine board . He held this office until 1924. In 1901, the sinking work on shaft 2 continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1903 the shaft was penetrated with the 8th level. In 1905 there was considerable subsidence in the Emscherbruch with subsequent swamping. In 1906 a new coking plant with ancillary recovery plant was put into operation. The coke oven battery consisted of 60 regenerative sub-kilns from the Otto system. A squeezing machine was installed to squeeze out the coke . The finished coke was classified into six different sizes in a screening plant. Tar, sulfuric acid ammonia and light oil were produced in the secondary recovery plant. On July 15, 1908, an unintentional explosives explosion occurred underground. Eleven miners died in this accident. The following year, two miners died in a mine fire . In the same year, a field swap was made with the Wolfsbank colliery. In 1910 a contract was signed with the city of Essen for the supply of coke oven gas . In 1910, the ninth level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 707 meters. In 1924, the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1925, a third shaft began to be sunk on shaft system 1/2. This shaft was placed next to shaft 2. Alignment of the 10th level began on shaft 1. This bottom was at a depth of 887 meters. In 1926, shaft 3 was sunk to the first level. The shaft went into operation that same year. In 1930, shaft 3 was penetrated with the 9th level. On April 15 of the same year the coking plant was shut down. In 1932 there were 98 party shifts . The union was forced to act due to the depletion of reservoirs . In 1939, the Neu-Cölner Mulde was leased from the mine field of the König Wilhelm colliery. The rightful now covered an area of ​​two square kilometers.

The last few years until the shutdown

In 1944 the daytime facilities were badly damaged in an air raid. This led to the promotion being discontinued. In addition, for this reason the Carolus Magnus union waived the exercise of the rights arising from the lease agreement. The war damage was repaired the following year. In 1946, mining was resumed at the Carolus Magnus colliery. From 1949, only residual mining was carried out. However, the war damage had affected the mine so badly that the plant management felt compelled to stop running the mine. In June 1951 the promotion was stopped. On October 20th of the same year the Carolus Magnus colliery was shut down. Shaft 3 was filled in the same year. On January 1, 1954, the pit field of the Carolus Magnus colliery was taken over by Bergwerke Essen-Rossenray AG, which belongs to the Friedrich Krupp Group. In the same year, the mine field and shafts 1 and 2 were transferred to the neighboring Wolfsbank colliery.

Promotion and workforce

In the mine, mostly good flame coals, which were suitable for machine firing, were extracted. The first production figures come from the year 1847, in that year 1365 bushels of hard coal were produced . The first workforce numbers come from the year 1850, in that year there were 142 employees on the mine who produced 23,465 tons of hard coal. In 1855, with 490 employees, 76,551 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1860, 71,980 tons of hard coal were mined, and the workforce in that year was 462. In 1862, a total of 423,408 Prussian tons of hard coal were mined with 468 employees . In 1870 there were 773 employees on the mine, the production amounted to 153,785 tons of hard coal. In 1875, 170,677 tons of hard coal were mined with 811 employees. In 1880, 733 employees produced 217,632 tons of hard coal. In 1885, 158,894 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 552. In 1890, around 153,000 tons of hard coal were mined with 548 employees.

In 1895, with 641 employees, 203,292 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1897, 247,043 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1900, 824 employees produced 278,380 tons of hard coal. In 1905, 237,765 tons of hard coal were extracted; the workforce in that year was 765. In 1910, 1002 employees produced 278,778 tons of hard coal. In 1913, 364,000 tons of hard coal were mined, and the workforce in that year was 1303. In 1920 the production sank to 241,168 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 1341 employees. The maximum funding was provided in 1929 with 1299 employees. 409,190 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1935 the production fell to 273,275 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 716 employees. In 1940, 750 employees produced 250,000 tons of hard coal. In 1946 the production sank to 17,030 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 118 employees. The last known production and workforce figures for the mine are from 1950; in that year, 191 employees produced 54,679 tonnes of hard coal.

Current condition

After the Carolus Magnus shafts were dropped, the remaining daytime facilities were completely demolished. The site now houses the Carolus Magnus industrial park . Some street names refer to the old shafts ( Cathostraße etc.). The machine hall and two other operating buildings that are used as workshops are located on Magnusstrasse (as of 2009).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
  3. ^ A b c H. Fleck, E. Hartwig: History, statistics and technology of hard coal in Germany and other countries in Europe . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1865
  4. ↑ a b c d e Manfred Rasch , Gerald D. Feldman (eds.): August Thyssen and Hugo Stinnes. An exchange of letters 1898–1922, Verlag CH Beck oHG, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-49637-7 .
  5. ↑ a b Superlatives as far as the eye can see, Bergeborbeck district portrait . In: We are Essen-Essen Borbeck-a strong piece of Essen, EMG-Essen Marketing GmbH. (Ed.): Druck EST Marketing-Service GmbH, Essen 2005, pp. 30–32
  6. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Tenth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1862
  7. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eleventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1863
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Paul Neubaur: Mathias Stinnes and his house. A century of development 1808–1908, printed by Jul. Bagel, Mülheim AD Ruhr 1909
  10. ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume forty-sixth, published by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1898
  11. ↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. Second completely revised and completed edition, publishing bookstore of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874