Josephine mine
| Josephine mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| other names | Josephiene colliery | ||
| Funding / year | Max. 8748 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | until approx. 82 | ||
| Start of operation | 1851 | ||
| End of operation | 1869 | ||
| Successor use | Admiral colliery | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Coal iron stone / hard coal | ||
| Mightiness | approx. 88 inches | ||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 28 '0.6 " N , 7 ° 32' 47.8" E | ||
|
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| Location | Swords | ||
| local community | Swords | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Unna | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ruhr area | ||
The Josephine colliery in Schwerte is a former hard coal mine . The mine was also known as the Zeche Josephiene . The colliery was in the area of the Schwerter forest. In addition to hard coal , iron stone was also mined at the colliery . The coal was needed for roasting the ore. The mine belonged to the Märkisches Bergamts district and there to the jury area Hörde .
history
The beginnings
On March 1, 1851, the prospect of a mine field was inserted. Muter for the Geviertfeld Josephine were the owners of the Hermannshütte. On December 14th of the same year, the quarter field Josephine was awarded . The Geviertfeld was west of today's Hörder Straße. The award was made for the mining of iron ore. The seam in the upper bank had about seven inches of unclean coal and 36 inches of coal iron. In the lower bench was a strip of coal-iron stone thirty inches thick . Between the upper and lower bench was a 15-inch mountain pack. The dismantling of the seam was initially open pit and later was Schacht Josephine sunk . The shaft attachment point was west of the Freischütz near the Zechenweg. The Josephine shaft was referred to as the old shaft in the documents . The shaft was in the middle of the pit field. In addition, a conveyor tunnel was excavated south of the Zechenweg . After the tunnel had been driven 30 meters, a seigerer light hole with a depth of 6.3 meters was sunk . The light hole was sunk down to the tunnel and received a rectangular shaft timbering . This tunnel shaft was equipped with a reel and was used to lift the shaft in the western field. After the conveyor tunnel had been driven 64.5 meters, the iron stone seam was reached. Since it was possible according to the Prussian mining law that other people could also speculate in the same mine field, but on a different mineral , and this could lead to problems with the other mining operators, Hermannshütte was forced to act accordingly. For this reason, an interest group close to the smelter commissioned the smelter Gottlieb Schwarz from Hörde to also give a courage for the mining of hard coal . The assumption was made by Schwarz on June 23, 1852 on a congruent field. The field was muted under the name Carl Ruetz and on February 13, 1853 the quarter field was awarded to Carl Ruetz. The award was made for the mining of hard coal. The seam was 18 inches thick.
business
Following the award, the mining of the coal iron stone was started, later hard coal was also mined. The steep seams were excavated using the ridge joint construction . On September 13, 1853, a request was made to grant the right to the inheritance , Muter was Wiesehahn's hut director. On September 29th of the same year the tunnel was inspected . The starting point for the heritage tunnel was the tunnel mouth hole of the Josephine tunnel. The plan was to drive the tunnel to the north. On January 24th, 1855 the right to inherit the Josephiner Erbstollen was granted. On July 4, 1856, the Erbstollen west of the Erbstollen- wing location in the Geviertfeld of the Marienstein colliery was stepped . In 1858 work began on sinking the Paul shaft. The shaft starting point was north of the Zechenweg. The shaft was sunk separately and served to align the eastern pit field. The shaft reached a depth of 33 meters; two soles were attached. Later the bay was day to the in the western part of the field entry well durchschlägig , even on days consisted of a Zechenweg a connection between the two shafts. On March 25 of the same year, the Erbstollen was declared free of mining by the mining authority decree . On August 4th of the same year a new test was made for the Erbstollen and on September 29th the inspection took place. At this point in time, the tunnel had been driven by 50 pokers to the north, was around 1.5 meters high and around 0.9 meters wide. The expansion of the gallery was made with wooden door frame . Through the Erbstollen there was a seigere depth gain of about 20 laughs. The aim of the tunnel was to drive a crosscut to the coal seam. In addition, several wing sites were to be excavated for coal-iron stone mining. The dewatering of the mine works was carried out by the natural drainage of the mine water , which flowed from the Josephine tunnel and a tunnel rose in a southerly direction to the Ruhr . The use of dewatering rod pumps would have been necessary for further mining below the bottom of the tunnel .
The last few years
On February 3, 1859 was carried out consolidation of iron ore quadrangle fields Josephine, August, Light Village, Nova Scotia II, Otto, Mathiasfeld, Pauline Jung III, Scotland and summer mountain under the common name Josephine mine. On February 12 of the same year, the right to inherit the Josephine gallery was again granted. Subsequently, coal iron stone was increasingly mined, the extraction of hard coal was stopped. On April 1st, 1859, a steam hoisting machine was put into operation on the Paul shaft . The steam for the hoisting machine was generated in a 4.7 meter long and 1.57 meter thick steam boiler made of riveted iron sheets. Despite these riveted connections, the steam boiler was designed for four ATUs . The chimney of the boiler house was 15.7 meters high. The hoisting machine was driven by the crankshaft of the two-cylinder steam engine via an interposed gearbox . With this hoisting machine one was able to lift a payload of 200 kg. Starting from the Paul shaft, a stretch of about 85 meters in an easterly direction was excavated between 1859 and 1862 . At the end of Flözstrecke several were investigation crosscuts ascended into north and south. However, no seam worthy of construction was found. In 1862, a 90-meter-long exploratory crosscut was driven northwards from the Paul shaft. Even with this cross passage, no seam worthy of construction was reached. Even several shorter exploratory crosscuts that were driven did not bring the desired success. In 1863 the production was greatly reduced due to the low ore content. In order to secure further mining, the then director Alberts created an operating plan for the years 1867 and 1868, which, in addition to the remaining mining above the tunnel floor, also provided for a transition to civil engineering. For this, Paul shaft would have had to be sunk deeper in order to increase production to 300 bushels per day. In 1869 the coal iron stone was mined above the bottom of the tunnel. The Josephine colliery was shut down in the same year. The day-care facilities were demolished after 1869 except for the Steigerhaus, which served as a residential building for a long time. The authorized one was slammed into the Admiral colliery.
Promotion and workforce
The first known extraction figures come from the year 1858, when 29,957 Prussian tons of coal iron stone were extracted . In addition, 7789 tons of hard coal were mined. The first known workforce numbers come from the year 1860, at that time 66 miners were employed at the colliery, who produced 33,646 Prussian tons of coal iron stone. In 1862, 82 miners extracted 33,356 tons of coal iron stone. In 1863, production dropped to 500 bushels of coal per day. In 1866 only 17 miners were employed at the mine. The last known production figures of the mine are from 1868, in that year 120 bushels of coal iron stones were extracted per day.
Current condition
After the mine was closed, the tunnel remained open for many years. During the Second World War , the tunnel was expanded as an air raid shelter and was used by the people living near the tunnel. In 1995, the Unna working group of the Friends' Association of Mining Historic Sites in the Ruhr Area set up a mining history information board at the Freischütz excursion restaurant . In 1998, helpers from the development association carried out excavations in the dump of the tunnel shaft. During the excavations, the tunnel mouth hole of the tunnel was uncovered. The foremost cap of the door frame has been preserved.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144). 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- ↑ Ludwig Herrmann Wilhelm Jacobi : The mining, metallurgy and trade of the government district Arnsberg in statistical representation. Published by Julius Bädeker, Iserlohn 1857. Online .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Tilo Cramm: The mining between Dortmund-Syburg and Schwerte. Association for the promotion of Mining Historic Sites Ruhrrevier eV, Dortmund Working Group (publisher), Uwe Nolte printing company, Dortmund / Iserlohn 2010.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Tilo Cramm: The mining in the swords forest. In: City of Schwerte (ed.): AS The magazine of the city of Schwerte. 20th year, No. 80, Schwerte September 2007, pp. 10-13.
Remarks
- ↑ An entry well , even Stoll bay called, is a light hole was geteuft on a cleat. These shafts are required to support the tunnel operation. (Source: Albert Serlo: Leitfaden der Bergbaukunde. First volume, fourth revised and up to the most recent edition supplemented.)