No wave cinema: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|American film movement from the 1970s and 1980s}} |
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'''No Wave Cinema''' was a [[Colab]] sponsored<ref>Marc Masters, (2007) ''No Wave'', Black Dog Publishing, London, p. 141</ref> boom (1976–1985) in [[underground film]]making on the [[Lower East Side]] of [[New York City]]. Its name, much like its cousin [[No Wave]] music, was a stripped down style of guerrilla filmmaking that emphasized mood and texture above other concerns. |
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{{Infobox Film Movement |
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| name = No Wave Cinema |
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| image = |
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| yearsactive = 1976-1985 |
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| country = United States |
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| influences = |
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*American [[independent film]] |
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*[[French New Wave]] |
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*American [[underground film]] |
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<ref>[https://vimeo.com/214274974 Stories from New York: No Wave Cinema posted by Monica Delgado for Fandor on Vimeo]</ref><ref>[https://nwfilmforum.org/series/new-york-noise-tales-no-wave/ New York Noise: Tales from the No Wave - Northwest Film Fourm]</ref><ref>[https://www.academia.edu/8307277/No_Wave_Film_and_the_Music_Documentary_From_No_Wave_Cinema_Documents_to_Retrospective_Documentaries (PDF) No Wave Film and the Music Documentary: From No Wave Cinema “Documents” to Retrospective Documentaries|Michael Goddard - Academia.edu]</ref> |
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}} |
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'''No wave cinema''' was an [[underground film]]making movement that flourished on the [[Lower East Side]] of [[New York City]]<ref>[http://gallery.98bowery.com/exhibition/no-wave-and-independent-film-1976-1985/ No Wave and Independent Film -Gallery 98 Bowery]</ref> from about 1976 to 1985. Associated with (and partially sponsored by) the artists’ group [[Collaborative Projects]],<ref>Marc Masters, (2007) ''No Wave'', Black Dog Publishing, London, p. 141</ref> no wave cinema was a stripped-down style of [[guerrilla filmmaking]] that emphasized dark edgy mood and unrehearsed immediacy above many other artistic concerns – similar to the parallel [[no wave|no wave music]] movement in its raw and rapid style.<ref>[http://www.luxonline.org.uk/articles/no_wavelength(1).html NO WAVELENGTH: THE PARA-PUNK UNDERGROUND]: [[Village Voice]] film critic [[Jim Hoberman]] discusses the New York New Wave film scene, including lo-fi super 8 films of [[Vivienne Dick]]</ref> |
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==Prominent figures== |
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This brief movement, also known as New Cinema (after a short-lived screening room on [[St. Mark's Place (Manhattan)|St. Mark’s Place]] run by several filmmakers on the scene), had a significant impact on both underground film, spawning the [[Cinema of Transgression]] (Beth B, [[Richard Kern]], [[Nick Zedd]], Tessa Hughes Freeland and others) and a new generation of independent filmmaking in New York ([[Jim Jarmusch]], [[Tom DiCillo]], [[Steve Buscemi]], and [[Vincent Gallo]]). |
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No wave cinema, also known as '''New Cinema''' (after a short-lived screening room on [[St. Mark's Place (Manhattan)|St. Mark’s Place]] run by several filmmakers on the scene), had a significant impact on underground film. They were influenced by the works of [[Andy Warhol]], [[John Cassavetes]], [[George Kuchar]], [[Ron Rice]], [[John Waters]] and [[Jack Smith (film director)|Jack Smith]].<ref>[https://vimeo.com/214274974 Stories from New York: No Wave Cinema posted by Monica Delgado for Fandor on Vimeo]</ref><ref>[https://nwfilmforum.org/series/new-york-noise-tales-no-wave/ New York Noise: Tales from the No Wave - Northwest Film Fourm]</ref><ref>[https://www.academia.edu/8307277/No_Wave_Film_and_the_Music_Documentary_From_No_Wave_Cinema_Documents_to_Retrospective_Documentaries (PDF) No Wave Film and the Music Documentary: From No Wave Cinema “Documents” to Retrospective Documentaries|Michael Goddard - Academia.edu]</ref> |
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The No wave cinema of [[Scott B and Beth B]], [[Eric Mitchell (filmmaker)|Eric Mitchell]], [[James Nares (artist)|James Nares]], [[Amos Poe]], [[Diego Cortez]] and others spawned a new generation of independent filmmaking in New York that included [[Jim Jarmusch]], [[Tom DiCillo]], [[Steve Buscemi]], and [[Vincent Gallo]], as well as the [[Cinema of Transgression]] movement of [[Richard Kern]], [[Nick Zedd]], [[Tessa Hughes-Freeland]], [[Kembra Pfahler]], and [[Gordon Stevenson]]. Other filmmakers associated with No wave cinema included [[Lizzie Borden (director)|Lizzie Borden]], [[Bradley Eros]], [[Aline Mare]], [[Jeanne Liotta]], [[Charlie Ahearn (director)|Charlie Ahearn]], [[Coleen Fitzgibbon]], [[David Wojnarowicz]], [[Manuel DeLanda]], [[Vivienne Dick]], [[Jon Moritsugu]], [[Susan Seidelman]], [[Kathryn Bigelow]], Casper Cunningham, and [[Casandra Stark Mele]].<ref>[http://sensesofcinema.com/2016/american-extreme/feminist-cinemas/ No Wave · Feminist Cinemas · Senses of Cinema]</ref><ref>[https://www.academia.edu/8307277/No_Wave_Film_and_the_Music_Documentary_From_No_Wave_Cinema_Documents_to_Retrospective_Documentaries (PDF) No Wave Film and the Music Documentary: From No Wave Cinema “Documents” to Retrospective Documentaries|Michael Goddard - Academia.edu]</ref> |
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In 1978, [[James Nares (artist)|James Nares]] released a well-known [[no wave]] Super 8 film titled ''Rome 78'', her only venture into feature-length, plot-driven film. Despite its large cast in period costumes, the work was not intended as a serious undertaking, as the actors interject self-conscious laughter into scenes and deliver seemingly improvised lines with over-the-top bravado. The film features no wave cinema regular [[Lydia Lunch]] along with Mitchell, [[James Chance]], [[John Lurie]], [[Judy Rifka]], Jim Sutcliffe, [[Lance Loud]], [[Mitch Corber]], [[Patti Astor]], artist David McDermott of [[McDermott & McGough]], and [[Kristian Hoffman]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thevillager.com/villager_263/rebellionof.html |title=Rebellion of the quiet Retrospective of James Nares, No Wave's subtlest filmmaker |access-date=2013-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901205739/http://thevillager.com/villager_263/rebellionof.html |archive-date=2013-09-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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Filmmakers associated with the movement included [[Amos Poe]], [[Vivienne Dick]], [[John Lurie]], and others. |
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[[Coleen Fitzgibbon]] and [[Alan W. Moore]] created an 11:41-minute film in 1978 (finished in 2009) of a no wave concert to benefit [[Colab]] called ''X Magazine Benefit'', documenting performances of [[DNA (American band)|DNA]], [[James Chance and the Contortions]], and [[Boris Policeband]] in NYC in the late 1970s. Shot in black and white Super 8 and edited on video, the film captures the gritty look and sound of the music scene during that era. In 2013 it was exhibited at Salon 94, an art gallery in New York City.<ref>[http://www.salon94.com/video-wall ''COLEEN FITZGIBBON AND ALAN MOORE: X MAGAZINE BENEFIT COLAB 1978'', 2009]</ref> |
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⚫ | In |
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===List of notable No wave films=== |
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*''[[The Blank Generation]]'' (1976) |
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*''Rome 78'' (1978) |
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*''[[The Driller Killer]]'' (1979) |
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*''[[Permanent Vacation (1980 film)|Permanent Vacation]]'' (1980) |
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*''[[Underground U.S.A.]]'' (1980) |
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*''[[Ms. 45]]'' (1981) |
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*''[[Vortex (1981 film)|Vortex]]'' (1981) |
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*''[[Smithereens (film)|Smithereens]]'' (1982) |
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*''[[Born in Flames]]'' (1983) |
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*''[[Bradley Eros|Mutable Fire]]'' (1984) |
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*''[[Stranger Than Paradise]]'' (1984) |
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Sources:<ref>[https://www.brooklynvegan.com/bam-film-series-punks-poets-and-valley-girl-highlights-80s-women-filmmakers/ BAM film series 'Punks, Poets, and Valley Girls' highlights '80s women filmmakers - Brooklyn Vegan]</ref><ref>[https://paracinema.net/2018/09/smithereens-criterion-collection-blu-ray-release/ Smithereens Criterion Collection Blu-ray Release|Paracinema]</ref><ref>[https://cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/5753-Documentary-Blank-City-Chronicles-NYCs-Gritty-No-Wave-Film-Movement-of-the-70s.html Documentary Blank City Chronicles NYC's Gritty "No Wave" Film Movement of the '70s - Cinema Retro]</ref><ref>[https://madmuseum.org/series/no-wave-cinema museum of arts and design]</ref><ref>[https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/10-events-you-cant-miss-at-cinefamilys-month-long-homage-to-80s-indie-cinema/ 10 Films You Can't Miss at Cinefamily's Month-Long Homage to '80s Indie Cinema Los Angeles Magazine]</ref><ref>[http://www.freepresshouston.com/film/blank-city-and-new-yorks-no-wave/ Free Press Houston » Blank City and New York's No Wave]</ref><ref>[https://nwfilmforum.org/live/page/series-archive/1817 Northwest Film Fourm :: Series Archive]</ref><ref>[https://www.academia.edu/8307277/No_Wave_Film_and_the_Music_Documentary_From_No_Wave_Cinema_Documents_to_Retrospective_Documentaries (PDF) No Wave Film and the Music Documentary: From No Wave Cinema “Documents” to Retrospective Documentaries|Michael Goddard - Academia.edu]</ref><ref>[http://filmint.nu/no-wave-films-at-the-oberhausen-film-festival-and-vienna-film-museum-may-june-2010/ Film International]</ref><ref>[http://meetsobsession.com/2017/film-animation/shooting-blanks-a-history-of-nowave/ Shooting Blanks: A History of No Wave Cinema - Obsessed Magazine]</ref><ref>[https://archive.nerdist.com/schlock-awe-the-driller-killer/ Schlock & Awe: THE DRILLER KILLER —— Nerdist]</ref><ref>[https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/no-wave-cinema-movement-10-best-films/ 10 essential films from the No Wave cinema movement|Far Out Magazine]</ref><ref>[https://mubi.com/films/ms-45 Ms. 45 (1981)|MUBI]</ref><ref>[https://keyframe.fandor.com/ms-45/ Ms. 45 - Fandor: Keyframe Editorial Hub for Cinephiles]</ref><ref>[https://sites.barbican.org.uk/grimeandglamour/ The Grime and the Glamour: NYC 1976-1990]</ref><ref>[https://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/the-driller-killer/ Blu-ray Review: Abel Ferrara's The Driller Killer on Arrow Video - Slant Magazine]</ref><ref>[https://www.mudam.com/events/no-wave-cinema-of-transgression-2 No Wave & Cinema of Transgression|Mudam]</ref> |
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==Legacy== |
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''[[Stranger Than Paradise]]'' was inducted into the [[National Film Registry]] in 2002.<ref>[https://www.highonfilms.com/stranger-than-paradise-jarmusch-review/ STRANGER THAN PARADISE (1984) – A CHARMINGLY LOW-KEY CLASSIC OF AMERICAN INDIE CINEMA - High On Films]</ref><ref>[https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0301/films2.html Films Selected for the National Film Registry in 2002 (January 2003) - Library of Congress Information Bulletin]</ref><ref>[https://www.tasteofcinema.com/2014/filmmaker-retrospective-the-independent-cinema-of-jim-jarmusch/ Filmmaker Retrospective: The Independent Cinema of Jim Jarmusch — Taste of Cinema]</ref> |
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* Dobi, Stephen J., Cinema 16: America's Largest Film Society. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. New York University, 1984. |
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Contents: Introduction; The Formative Years; Something for Everyone; The Art of the Film; Conclusion. Appendices: Arthur Knight on the Experimental Film; Film Courses at New York University; Film Courses at The New School; The Children's Cinema; Films Shown at George Eastman House; The Robert J. Flaherty Awards; The Creative Film Foundation Awards; Organizational & Institutional Renters; Index of Filmmakers (Alphabetical and also Premieres); Index of Films (Alphabetical List, Features Premiered by Cinema 16, Shorts Premiered by Cinema 16, Films "re-introduced" by Cinema 16; Speakers at Cinema 16 events. |
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⚫ | In 2010, French filmmaker Céline Danhier created a [[documentary film]] titled ''Blank City''.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhDQMsBywOY Blank City trailer posted by the film's distributor e2 films on YouTube]</ref> The film presents an [[oral history]] of the no wave cinema and Cinema of Transgression movements<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1398949/ Blank City (2010)- IMDb ]</ref> through interviews with Jarmusch, Kern, Buscemi, Poe, Seidelman, Ahearn, Zedd, [[John Waters (filmmaker)|John Waters]], [[Blondie (band)|Blondie]]’s [[Debbie Harry]], hip-hop legend [[Fab 5 Freddy]], [[Thurston Moore]] of [[Sonic Youth]], and [[Jack Sargeant (writer)|Jack Sargeant]]. The soundtrack includes music by [[Patti Smith]], [[Television (band)|Television]], [[Richard Hell]] & [[The Voidoids]], James Chance and the Contortions, [[Bush Tetras]] and Sonic Youth.<ref>[http://www.blankcityfilm.com/ "Blank City" – official film website]</ref><ref>[http://centerinparis.uchicago.edu/news/new-york-no-wave-chicago-post-rock-deux-villes-deux-scènes NEW YORK NO WAVE – CHICAGO POST ROCK : DEUX VILLES, DEUX SCÈNES]</ref> |
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Abstract: This study examines the sixteen year history (1947-1963) of this unique film society. It looks at its beginnings, goals, motives, biases and method of operation. It examines how the organization saw its role in film art and commerce; how it defined the job it set out to do, and how it accomplished that job. |
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In 2011, the [[Museum of Arts and Design]] celebrated the movement with the retrospective "No Wave Cinema", which included works by Jarmusch, Kern, Mitchell, Poe, Zedd, Scot and Beth B., [[Lizzie Borden (director)|Lizzie Borden]], [[Edo Bertoglio]] and [[Kembra Pfahler]].<ref>{{cite web|title=No Wave Cinema|url=http://www.madmuseum.org/series/no-wave-cinema|website=Museum of Arts and Design|access-date=5 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Robbins|first1=Christopher|title=See Classic, Rare New Wave/No Wave/Punk At Museum Of Art And Design|url=http://gothamist.com/2014/04/18/see_classic_rare_new_waveno_wavepun.php|website=Gothamist|publisher=Gothamist, LLC|access-date=5 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509090521/http://gothamist.com/2014/04/18/see_classic_rare_new_waveno_wavepun.php|archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref> |
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It examines in detail the many projects Cinema 16 created for its membership of over 7,000 cineastes. These included Regular Programs, Special Events, Film Appreciation Courses, The Children's Cinema, excursions to George Eastman House, Robert J. Flaherty Awards, Creative Film Awards, program notes, and its major contribution to American Avant-garde film exhibition and distribution. |
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Like the later [[Dogme 95]] creative movement, No Wave Cinema has been described as a defining period in [[low budget film]] production.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Low-budget movements that defined cinema|last=Coulter|first=Tomas|year=2004|page=26}}</ref> |
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Cinema 16 introduced to America the works of Lindsay Anderson, Kenneth Anger, Michelangelo Antonioni, Stan Brakhage, Robert Breer, Robert Bresson, John Cassavetes, Shirley Clarke, Bruce Conner, Carmen D'Avino, Vittorio de Sica, Ed Emshwiller, Pierre Etaix, John Hubley, Tadashi Imai, Humphrey Jennings, Gavin Lambert, Jan Lenica, Norman McLaren, Andrzej Munk, Leopoldo Torre-Nilsson, Yasujiro Ozu, Roman Polanski, Karel Reisz, Tony Richardson, Jacques Rivette, Lionel Rogosin, Arne Sucksdorff, Shiro Toyoda, Stan Vanderbeek, Agnes Varda, Herbert Vesely, among others. |
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In sixteen years it presented over thirteen-hundred films ranging in length from sixty seconds to features, most in premiere showings. It arranged for subtitled versions, music tracks, paying for "dupe-negatives," importation costs, customs fees, and always paying rental fees. |
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{{Portal|1980s}} |
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Cinema 16 conducted symposia and lectures on films and related topics. Personal appearances were made by Rudolf Arnheim, Joseph Burstyn, Joseph Campbell, James Card, Salvador Dali, Maya Deren, Ralph Ellison, Frances Flaherty, Richard Griffith, Nat Hentoff, Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kramer, Fritz Lang, Lotte Lenya, Norman McLaren, Sidney Meyers, Arthur Miller, Jean Renoir, Hans Richter, Dylan Thomas, Parker Tyler, Willard Van Dyke, King Vidor, Tennessee Williams, Archer Winsten, Robert Wise, Fred Zinneman, and others. |
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* [[Grindhouse]] |
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* [[Vulgar auteurism]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.myspace.com/llikyouridols Official Myspace page |
*[http://www.myspace.com/llikyouridols Official Myspace page for "Llik your idols", a documentary about the Cinema of Transgression & No Wave Cinema] |
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*[https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/1996/9/no-wave-cinema 1996 Vanity Fair article by J. Hoberman] |
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*[https://vimeo.com/212808721 Video essay by Fandor] |
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{{Film genres}} |
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[[Category:Experimental film]] |
[[Category:Experimental film]] |
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[[Category:American art]] |
[[Category:American art]] |
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[[Category:Movements in cinema]] |
[[Category:Movements in cinema]] |
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[[Category:No |
[[Category:No wave]] |
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[[Category:Punk films]] |
[[Category:Punk films]] |
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[[Category:1970s in film]] |
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[[Category:1980s in film]] |
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{{film-genre-stub}} |
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[[es:No Wave Cinema]] |
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[[gl:No Wave Cinema]] |
Revision as of 09:23, 22 November 2023
Years active | 1976-1985 |
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Location | United States |
Influences |
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No wave cinema was an underground filmmaking movement that flourished on the Lower East Side of New York City[4] from about 1976 to 1985. Associated with (and partially sponsored by) the artists’ group Collaborative Projects,[5] no wave cinema was a stripped-down style of guerrilla filmmaking that emphasized dark edgy mood and unrehearsed immediacy above many other artistic concerns – similar to the parallel no wave music movement in its raw and rapid style.[6]
Prominent figures
No wave cinema, also known as New Cinema (after a short-lived screening room on St. Mark’s Place run by several filmmakers on the scene), had a significant impact on underground film. They were influenced by the works of Andy Warhol, John Cassavetes, George Kuchar, Ron Rice, John Waters and Jack Smith.[7][8][9] The No wave cinema of Scott B and Beth B, Eric Mitchell, James Nares, Amos Poe, Diego Cortez and others spawned a new generation of independent filmmaking in New York that included Jim Jarmusch, Tom DiCillo, Steve Buscemi, and Vincent Gallo, as well as the Cinema of Transgression movement of Richard Kern, Nick Zedd, Tessa Hughes-Freeland, Kembra Pfahler, and Gordon Stevenson. Other filmmakers associated with No wave cinema included Lizzie Borden, Bradley Eros, Aline Mare, Jeanne Liotta, Charlie Ahearn, Coleen Fitzgibbon, David Wojnarowicz, Manuel DeLanda, Vivienne Dick, Jon Moritsugu, Susan Seidelman, Kathryn Bigelow, Casper Cunningham, and Casandra Stark Mele.[10][11]
In 1978, James Nares released a well-known no wave Super 8 film titled Rome 78, her only venture into feature-length, plot-driven film. Despite its large cast in period costumes, the work was not intended as a serious undertaking, as the actors interject self-conscious laughter into scenes and deliver seemingly improvised lines with over-the-top bravado. The film features no wave cinema regular Lydia Lunch along with Mitchell, James Chance, John Lurie, Judy Rifka, Jim Sutcliffe, Lance Loud, Mitch Corber, Patti Astor, artist David McDermott of McDermott & McGough, and Kristian Hoffman, among others.[12]
Coleen Fitzgibbon and Alan W. Moore created an 11:41-minute film in 1978 (finished in 2009) of a no wave concert to benefit Colab called X Magazine Benefit, documenting performances of DNA, James Chance and the Contortions, and Boris Policeband in NYC in the late 1970s. Shot in black and white Super 8 and edited on video, the film captures the gritty look and sound of the music scene during that era. In 2013 it was exhibited at Salon 94, an art gallery in New York City.[13]
List of notable No wave films
- The Blank Generation (1976)
- Rome 78 (1978)
- The Driller Killer (1979)
- Permanent Vacation (1980)
- Underground U.S.A. (1980)
- Ms. 45 (1981)
- Vortex (1981)
- Smithereens (1982)
- Born in Flames (1983)
- Mutable Fire (1984)
- Stranger Than Paradise (1984)
Sources:[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]
Legacy
Stranger Than Paradise was inducted into the National Film Registry in 2002.[31][32][33]
In 2010, French filmmaker Céline Danhier created a documentary film titled Blank City.[34] The film presents an oral history of the no wave cinema and Cinema of Transgression movements[35] through interviews with Jarmusch, Kern, Buscemi, Poe, Seidelman, Ahearn, Zedd, John Waters, Blondie’s Debbie Harry, hip-hop legend Fab 5 Freddy, Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth, and Jack Sargeant. The soundtrack includes music by Patti Smith, Television, Richard Hell & The Voidoids, James Chance and the Contortions, Bush Tetras and Sonic Youth.[36][37]
In 2011, the Museum of Arts and Design celebrated the movement with the retrospective "No Wave Cinema", which included works by Jarmusch, Kern, Mitchell, Poe, Zedd, Scot and Beth B., Lizzie Borden, Edo Bertoglio and Kembra Pfahler.[38][39]
Like the later Dogme 95 creative movement, No Wave Cinema has been described as a defining period in low budget film production.[40]
See also
References
- ^ Stories from New York: No Wave Cinema posted by Monica Delgado for Fandor on Vimeo
- ^ New York Noise: Tales from the No Wave - Northwest Film Fourm
- ^ (PDF) No Wave Film and the Music Documentary: From No Wave Cinema “Documents” to Retrospective Documentaries|Michael Goddard - Academia.edu
- ^ No Wave and Independent Film -Gallery 98 Bowery
- ^ Marc Masters, (2007) No Wave, Black Dog Publishing, London, p. 141
- ^ NO WAVELENGTH: THE PARA-PUNK UNDERGROUND: Village Voice film critic Jim Hoberman discusses the New York New Wave film scene, including lo-fi super 8 films of Vivienne Dick
- ^ Stories from New York: No Wave Cinema posted by Monica Delgado for Fandor on Vimeo
- ^ New York Noise: Tales from the No Wave - Northwest Film Fourm
- ^ (PDF) No Wave Film and the Music Documentary: From No Wave Cinema “Documents” to Retrospective Documentaries|Michael Goddard - Academia.edu
- ^ No Wave · Feminist Cinemas · Senses of Cinema
- ^ (PDF) No Wave Film and the Music Documentary: From No Wave Cinema “Documents” to Retrospective Documentaries|Michael Goddard - Academia.edu
- ^ "Rebellion of the quiet Retrospective of James Nares, No Wave's subtlest filmmaker". Archived from the original on 2013-09-01. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
- ^ COLEEN FITZGIBBON AND ALAN MOORE: X MAGAZINE BENEFIT COLAB 1978, 2009
- ^ BAM film series 'Punks, Poets, and Valley Girls' highlights '80s women filmmakers - Brooklyn Vegan
- ^ Smithereens Criterion Collection Blu-ray Release|Paracinema
- ^ Documentary Blank City Chronicles NYC's Gritty "No Wave" Film Movement of the '70s - Cinema Retro
- ^ museum of arts and design
- ^ 10 Films You Can't Miss at Cinefamily's Month-Long Homage to '80s Indie Cinema Los Angeles Magazine
- ^ Free Press Houston » Blank City and New York's No Wave
- ^ Northwest Film Fourm :: Series Archive
- ^ (PDF) No Wave Film and the Music Documentary: From No Wave Cinema “Documents” to Retrospective Documentaries|Michael Goddard - Academia.edu
- ^ Film International
- ^ Shooting Blanks: A History of No Wave Cinema - Obsessed Magazine
- ^ Schlock & Awe: THE DRILLER KILLER —— Nerdist
- ^ 10 essential films from the No Wave cinema movement|Far Out Magazine
- ^ Ms. 45 (1981)|MUBI
- ^ Ms. 45 - Fandor: Keyframe Editorial Hub for Cinephiles
- ^ The Grime and the Glamour: NYC 1976-1990
- ^ Blu-ray Review: Abel Ferrara's The Driller Killer on Arrow Video - Slant Magazine
- ^ No Wave & Cinema of Transgression|Mudam
- ^ STRANGER THAN PARADISE (1984) – A CHARMINGLY LOW-KEY CLASSIC OF AMERICAN INDIE CINEMA - High On Films
- ^ Films Selected for the National Film Registry in 2002 (January 2003) - Library of Congress Information Bulletin
- ^ Filmmaker Retrospective: The Independent Cinema of Jim Jarmusch — Taste of Cinema
- ^ Blank City trailer posted by the film's distributor e2 films on YouTube
- ^ Blank City (2010)- IMDb
- ^ "Blank City" – official film website
- ^ NEW YORK NO WAVE – CHICAGO POST ROCK : DEUX VILLES, DEUX SCÈNES
- ^ "No Wave Cinema". Museum of Arts and Design. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ^ Robbins, Christopher. "See Classic, Rare New Wave/No Wave/Punk At Museum Of Art And Design". Gothamist. Gothamist, LLC. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ^ Coulter, Tomas (2004). Low-budget movements that defined cinema. p. 26.