Isoprenaline: Difference between revisions
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==Uses== |
==Uses== |
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Its primary use is for [[bradycardia]] or [[heart block]]. By activating β<sub>1</sub>-receptors on the heart, it induces positive [[chronotropic]], [[dromotropic]], and [[ |
Its primary use is for [[bradycardia]] or [[heart block]]. By activating β<sub>1</sub>-receptors on the heart, it induces positive [[chronotropic]], [[dromotropic]], and [[inotropic]] effects.<ref name=pharmnemonics /> |
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It can be used as an inhaled [[Particulate|aerosol]] to treat [[asthma]], although this is currently a rare treatment.<ref name=pharmnemonics /> Although it activates all beta [[adrenergic receptor]]s, it works in a similar fashion to the more selective [[beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist]]s e.g. [[salbutamol]], by relaxing the airways to increase airflow. |
It can be used as an inhaled [[Particulate|aerosol]] to treat [[asthma]], although this is currently a rare treatment.<ref name=pharmnemonics /> Although it activates all beta [[adrenergic receptor]]s, it works in a similar fashion to the more selective [[beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist]]s e.g. [[salbutamol]], by relaxing the airways to increase airflow. |
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Revision as of 01:44, 12 October 2008
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Routes of administration | inhaled 80-120μg |
| ATC code | |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.807 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C11H17NO3 |
| Molar mass | 211.258 g/mol g·mol−1 |
Isoprenaline (INN) or isoproterenol (USAN, trade names Medihaler-Iso and Isuprel) is a sympathomimetic beta adrenergic agonist medication.
It is structurally similar to epinephrine (adrenaline) but acts selectively on beta receptors, activating β1 and β2 receptors equally.[1]
Uses
Its primary use is for bradycardia or heart block. By activating β1-receptors on the heart, it induces positive chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effects.[1]
It can be used as an inhaled aerosol to treat asthma, although this is currently a rare treatment.[1] Although it activates all beta adrenergic receptors, it works in a similar fashion to the more selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists e.g. salbutamol, by relaxing the airways to increase airflow.
It is also supplied in ampules under the brand name Isuprel for injection and in sublingual pill form for treatment of asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Used with caution, it can also be used to treat torsades de pointes, in conjunction with overdrive pacing and magnesium.
Adipose tissue also has β-receptors that can be activated by isoproterenol. Once activated, adipocytes begin breaking down the fat stored inside them. This has caused isoproterenol to be used off-label in mesotherapy for body contouring and to help decrease fat. Two studies showed that it can cause a decrease in thigh size. [2]
Pharmacology
Isoproterenol is a β1- and β2-adrenoceptor agonist which was commonly used to treat asthma before the more widespread use of salbutamol, which has more selective effects on the airways. Its route of administration is either intravenous, oral, intranasal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular, depending on use. The plasma half-life for isoproterenol is approximately two hours.
Isoproterenol's effects on the cardiovascular system relate to its actions on cardiac β1 receptors and β2 receptors on skeletal muscle arterioles. Isoproterenol has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. In skeletal muscle arterioles it produces vasodilatation. Its inotropic and chronotropic effects elevate systolic blood pressure, while its vasodilatory effects tend to lower diastolic blood pressure.
The adverse effects of isoproterenol are also related to the drug's cardiovascular effects. Isoproterenol can produce an elevated heart rate (tachycardia), which predisposes patients to cardiac dysrhythmias.
Other side effects include: nervousness, insomnia, restlessness, and headaches.[2]
Warnings and Contraindications
Isoproterenol should not be administered to patients with myocardial ischaemia.
References
- ^ a b c Shen, Howard (2008). Illustrated Pharmacology Memory Cards: PharMnemonics. Minireview. p. 5. ISBN 1-59541-101-1.
- ^ a b "Mesotherapy with Isoproterenol". Medical-Weight-Loss-Guide.com. 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
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