Érico Veríssimo

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Érico Lopes Veríssimo (born December 17, 1905 , Cruz Alta in Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil , † November 28, 1975 in Porto Alegre ) was a Brazilian writer , literary scholar and translator . His most important work is the trilogy O tempo eo vento (German title: Die Zeit und der Wind ).

Home of the Éricos family in Cruz Alta , now a museum of the Fundação Érico Veríssimo.

Life

Érico Veríssimo was the son of the pharmacist Sebastião Veríssimo da Fonseca, married to Abegahy Lopes, both of whom came from traditional Gaúchos families. He was born into a wealthy family that went bankrupt. As a result, he was unable to complete high school because he was forced to work early.

In Cruz Alta he became a pharmacist, but was unsuccessful and in December 1930, the year of the revolution of 1930 (Revolução de 1930), he moved to Porto Alegre, the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, 130 km away, to live exclusively from the To live writing. His previous literary experience has included authors such as Aluísio Azevedo , Joaquim Manuel de Macedo , from the foreign writers Scott , Zola and Dostoevsky . In Porto Alegre he joined the then already famous writers and intellectuals living there, such as Mário Quintana , Augusto Meyer , Guilhermino César and others. In 1931 he became an editorial assistant at Revista do Globo , became its director in 1932 and later took over the management of the Editora Globo publishing house , which he promoted with successful series such as Nobel e Biblioteca do Séculos . From 1931 he began to translate works from English, first Edgar Wallace , then Aldous Huxley or Somerset Maugham . From the German he translated a. a. Hans Fallada's Little Man - What Now? and born in 1902 by Ernst Glaeser .

From 1943 he taught Brazilian literature at the University of California, Berkeley . His literary lectures appeared in English in 1945 as Brazilian Literature - an Outline . From 1953 to 1956 he headed the cultural department of the Organization of American States in Washington, DC .

Érico Veríssimo was married to Mafalda Volpe since 1931, with whom he had two children. His son Luis Fernando Vérissimo (* 1936) is also a well-known writer in Brazil. In 1975 Érico died of a heart attack without the publication of the second part of his autobiography Solo de clarineta. ( Clarinet solo ). In Rio Grande do Sul his memory u. a. Protected by the Fundação Érico Veríssimo, a foundation that maintains a writers' museum in Cruz Alta.

Editora Globo bookshop and publishing house in Porto Alegre, where Érico worked and published his works.

Writing

Érico Veríssimo was an extremely prolific author who, in addition to his novels and short stories, also published youth literature and travelogues, and is considered to be the first professional writer in Rio Grande do Sul. His entire literary work can now be divided into three phases, which follow one another in terms of time and topic.

Mechthild Strausfeld describes the period after 1920, in which Érico Veríssimo had to find his literary position, quote: “ In the next two decades, new names and new works followed in rapid succession, and the upswing in Brazilian literature began. He was then inspired by the events of the “ Week of Modern Art in São Paulo ”, which is probably the most important turning point in the country's cultural life in this century. The "modernist revolution" of 1922 shook up intellectuals, forced them to take a stand, to rethink their work, to grapple with their country. Brazilian art and literature freed itself from European models and became independent and modern , so to speak, "in a week" . "This first phase of literary modernismo in the form of Modernismo brasileiro was largely due to Oswald de Andrade and his environment, the" 1922s Generation ”, shaped by avant-garde. At the beginning of the second phase of Modernismo brasileiro (1930–1945), the literary work of Érico Veríssimo began. Strausfeld continues, quote: “ The year 1930 represents a turning point in Brazilian history. The population exceeded forty million, Getúlio Vargas became president of the country and installed the Estado Novo . This marked the beginning of modern Brazil. The rule of the oligarchies, the "mansions", which had remained largely intact until then, was set in motion by the gradual emergence of a middle class, the emergence of the large metropolises, and the awakening of self-confidence (not least promoted by the "Week of Modern Art"). "

In the 1930s, the literary trend of Regionalismo brasileiro began, which in Érico Veríssimo's work is dealt with in particular by the Giograndian Gaúcho city novel of southern Brazil and the Gaúcho historical novel Die Zeit und der Wind , which deals with the period from 1745 to 1945. This regionalism, which also includes the more socially critical works of the, in addition to the existing literary centers Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, also a new center in the northeast, became known as the style of the novel of the thirties ( Romance de 30 ), of which the South next to Dyonélio Machado (1905–1975) and Cyro Martins (1908–1995) Veríssimo counts.

The first phase in his work begins with the volume of stories Fantoches ( puppets ) , published independently in 1932 . Before that, in 1929, the monthly Cruz Alta em Revista published the short story Chico: um conto de Natal , Ladrão de Gado and A Tragédia dum Homem Gordo in the Revista do Globo , and A Lâmada Mágica in the Correio do Povo . In 1933 the novel followed about a young woman : Clarissa , with it the thematically linked Caminhos cruzados ( crossings ) of 1935 and 1936 Música ao longe ( music from afar ) and Um lugar ao sol ( a place in the sun ), which brought him his first successes. In 1938 the novel about the doctor Eugênio Fontes Olhai os lírios do campo ( See the lilies in the field ) was published. For his doctor novel with the subject of the suicide O resto é silêncio ( The rest is silence ) from 1943 he was persecuted by the Catholic Church in Rio Grande do Sul.

The second phase of his work mainly includes his best-known work O tempo eo vento ( Time and the Wind ), which appeared as a trilogy from 1949 to 1961. In neo- realistic style, it shows a two-hundred-year-old social, political and historical panorama of the Rio Grande do Sul from 1745 to 1945. It is placed next to the Grande Sertão: Veredas des João Guimarães Rosa or Vidas Secas des Graciliano Ramos .

A final phase from 1965 includes works such as O senhor embaixador ( His Excellency the Ambassador ) or Incidente em Antares ( Incident in Antares ) from 1971, in which political topics such as racial relations, the Vietnam War, terrorism and political oppression are also dealt with.

Awards

He was particularly honored by the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which declared 2005 the “year of the centenary of Érico Veríssimo” and organized a series of events.

Works

Total expenditure

So far there have been three works editions:

  • Obras de Erico Verissimo. 1956. In 17 volumes.
  • Obras completas. 1961. In 10 volumes.
  • Ficção completa. 1966. In 5 volumes.
Autobiographies
  • O escritor diante do espelho. 1966.
  • Solo de clarineta - Memórias. (1st volume). 1973.
  • Solo de clarineta - Memórias 2. 1976.
stories
  • Fantoches. 1932.
  • As mãos de meu filho. 1942.
  • O ataque. 1958.
Novels
  • Clarissa. 1933.
  • Caminhos cruzados. 1935.
  • Música ao longe. 1936.
  • Um lugar ao sol. 1936.
  • Olhai os lírios do campo. 1938.
    • German edition: The lilies in the field. A doctor's novel. Neff, Vienna / Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-7014-0103-9 . (Translator: Hans Erik Hausner).
  • Saga. 1940.
  • O resto é silêncio. 1943.
  • O tempo eo vento. (1st part) - O continente. 1949.
    • German edition: The time and the wind. Novel. Neff, Vienna / Stuttgart / Vienna 1953. (Translator: Ernst Doblhofer. Various editions and audio books).
  • O tempo eo vento. (2nd part) - O retrato. 1951.
    • German edition: The portrait of Rodrigo Cambará. Neff, Vienna / Stuttgart / Berlin 1955. (Translator: Thomas Silbitzer, Ernst Doblhofer).
  • O tempo eo vento. (3rd part) - O arquipélago. 1961.
  • Noite. Novela. 1954.
    • German edition: night. Novel. Neff, Vienna / Berlin / Stuttgart 1956. (Translator from the English edition of Night. 1956: Elfriede Wagner).
  • O senhor embaixador. 1965.
    • German edition: His Excellency the Ambassador. Neff, Vienna / Berlin 1967. (Translator: Hans Erik Hausner).
  • O prisioneiro. 1967.
  • Incident in Antares. 1971.
Books for children and young readers
  • A vida de Joana d'Arc. 1935.
  • As aventuras do avião vermelho. 1936.
  • Os três porquinhos pobres. 1936.
  • Rosa Maria no castelo encantado. 1936.
  • Meu ABC. 1936.
  • As aventuras de Tibicuera. 1937.
  • O urso com musica na barriga. 1938.
  • A vida do elefante Basílio. 1939.
  • Outra vez os três porquinhos. 1939.
  • Viagem à aurora do mundo. 1939.
  • Aventuras no mundo da higiene. 1939.
  • Gente e bichos. 1956.
Travelogues
  • Gato preto em campo de neve. 1941.
  • A volta do gato preto. 1946.
  • México. 1957.
    • German edition: Mexico. Land of contrasts. Neff, Vienna / Berlin / Stuttgart 1958. (Translator: Thomas Silbitzer).
  • Israel in April. 1969.
Essays
  • Brazilian Literature - an Outline. The Macmillan Company, New York 1945.
  • Rio Grande do Sul. 1973.
  • Breve história da literatura brasileira. 1995.
Biographies
  • To certo Henrique Bertaso. 1972.

Many of his works have been translated; There are books by him in 19 languages, including German, Spanish, Finnish, Dutch, Hungarian, Indonesian, English, Italian, Japanese and Norwegian.

Translations

From the German
From the English
  • James Hilton : Não estamos sós. 1940. (Original title: We Are Not Alone ).
  • James Hilton: Adeus mr. Crisps. 1940. (Original title: Goodbye Mr. Chips ).
  • Aldous Huxley : Contraponto. 1934. (Original title: Point Counter Point ).
  • Katherine Mansfield : Psicologia. 1939. (Original title: Psychology ).
  • Katherine Mansfield: Felicidade. 1940. (Original title: Bliss ).
  • Katherine Mansfield: O meu primeiro baile. 1940. (Original title: Her First Ball ).
  • Somerset Maugham : Maquiavel ea dama. 1948. (Original title: Then and Now ).
  • Horace McCoy : Mas nicht se mata cavalo? 1947. (Original title: They Shoot Horses, Don't 'they? ).
  • Robert Nathan : O retrato de Jennie. 1942. (Original title: Portrait of Jennie ).
  • John Steinbeck : Ratos e homens. 1940. (Original title: Of Mice and Men ).
  • Edgar Wallace : O sineiro. 1931. (Original title: The Ringer ).
  • Edgar Wallace: O círculo vermelho. 1931. (Original title: The Crimson Circle ).
  • Edgar Wallace: A porta das sete chaves. 1931. (Original title: The Door with Seven Locks ).
  • Edgar Wallace: A pista do alfinete novo. 1956. (Original title: The Clue of the New Pin ).

Film adaptations

Movie
  • 1947: Mirad los Lirios Del Campo. Argentina 1947. Based on the story: Olhai os lírios do campo . Director: Ernesto Arancibia, screenplay: Túlio Demicheli, actors: Jose Olara, Mauricio Jouvert.
  • 1956: O sobrado. Brazil 1956. Based on history: O tempo eo vento . Director: Cassiano Gabus Mendes, Walter George Durst. Actors: Rosalina Granja Lima, Lima Duarte.
  • 1970: To certo capitão Rodrigo. Brazil 1970. Based on history: O tempo eo vento . Director: Anselmo Duarte . Actors: Francisco di Franco, Newton Prado
  • 1971: Ana Terra. Brazil 1971. Based on history: O tempo eo vento . Director: Durval Gomes Garcia. Actors: Rossana Ghessa, Geraldo Del Rey.
  • 1985: Noite. Brazil 1985. Based on story: Noite. (1954). Director: Gilberto Loureiro. Actors: Paulo César Pereio, Cristina Ache and Eduardo Tornaghi.
TV
  • 1967: O tempo eo vento. Brazil 1967. Based on history: O tempo eo vento . Director: Dionísio Azevedo, screenplay: Teixeira Filho . Actors: Carlos Zara, Geórgia Gomide.
  • 1980: Olhai os lírios do campo. Brazil 1980. Based on the story: Olhai os lírios do campo. (1938). Director: Herval Rossano, screenplay: Geraldo Vietri and Wilson Aguiar Filho. Actors: Cláudio Marzo, Nívia Maria.
  • 1981: O resto é silêncio. Brazil 1981. Based on the story: O resto é silêncio . Director: Arlindo Pereira, Telenovela: Mario Prata. Actors: Carmem Monegal, Fernando Peixoto.
  • 1982: Música ao longe. Brazil 1982. Based on the story: Música ao longe. (1936). Director: Edson Braga, Telenovela: Mario Prata. Actors: Djenane Machado, Fausto.
  • 1985: O tempo eo vento. Brazil 1985. Based on history: O tempo eo vento . Director: Paulo José, screenplay: Doc Comparato. Actors: Tarcísio Meira , Glória Pires.
  • 1994: Incidente em Antares. Brazil 1994. Based on the story: Incidente em Antares. (1971). Director: Paulo José, script: Charles Peixoto, Nelson Nadotti. Actors: Fernanda Montenegro, Paulo Betti.

A remake is planned for 2013.

literature

  • Klaus Küpper : Bibliography of Brazilian Literature. Prose, poetry, essay and drama in German translation. With a foreword by Berthold Zilly . Edited by the Archives for Translated Literature from Latin America and the Caribbean. Küpper, Cologne / Ferrer de Mesquita / Frankfurt am Main 2012, ISBN 978-3-939455-09-7 , pp. 407-409. (Contains: bibliography of all translations into German).
  • Mary L. Daniel: Veríssimo, Érico. In: Irwin Stern (Ed.): Dictionary of Brazilian literature. Greenwood Press, New York 1988, ISBN 0-313-24932-6 , pp. 361-362.
  • Massaud Moisés : História da literatura brasileira. Volume III: Modernismo (1922 - atualidade). 6th edition. Editora Cultrix, São Paulo 2001, ISBN 85-316-0195-9 , pp. 176-187.
  • Flávio Loureiro Chaves (Ed.): O contador de historias. 40 anos de vida literaria de Erico Veríssimo. Editora Globo, Porto Alegre 1972.
  • Flávio Loureiro Chaves: Érico Veríssimo, realismo e sociedade. Editora Globo, Porto Alegre 1976.
  • Daniel Fresnot: O pensamento político de Érico Veríssimo. Graal, Rio de Janeiro 1977.
  • Maria da Glória Bordini, Regina Zilberman: O Tempo eo Vento. História, invenção e metamorfose. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre 2004, ISBN 85-7430-421-2 .

Web links

Commons : Érico Veríssimo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mary L. Daniel: Veríssimo, Érico. In: Irwin Stern (Ed.): Dictionary of Brazilian literature. Greenwood Press, New York 1988, ISBN 0-313-24932-6 , p. 361.
  2. ↑ a b Mechthild Strausfeld: Brazilian literature from Machado de Assis to today: attempting an approach. In: Mechtild Strausfeld (ed.): Brazilian literature. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1984, ISBN 3-518-38524-0 , pp. 12-13.
  3. ↑ Irwin Stern (Ed.): Dictionary of Brazilian literature. Greenwood Press, New York 1988, ISBN 0-313-24932-6 , pp. 205-206.
  4. ^ Daniela Borja Bessa: O discurso religioso em Olhai os lírios do campo. Belo Horizonte 2000. (PDF; 655 kB) Dissertation, Portuguese, accessed on November 24, 2012.
  5. ^ Mary L. Daniel: Veríssimo, Érico. In: Irwin Stern (Ed.): Dictionary of Brazilian literature. Greenwood Press, New York 1988, ISBN 0-313-24932-6 , p. 362.
  6. ↑ UBE, Intelectual do Ano ( Memento of December 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 25, 2012.
  7. ↑ 2005 Ano do Centenário de Erico Verissimo: Sobre a Vida ea Obra ( Memento of November 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 15, 2017 (Portuguese).
  8. ↑ As adaptações de "O Tempo eo Vento" na televisão, no cinema e no teatro. ZeroHora, September 22, 2012 , Portuguese, accessed November 25, 2012.
personal data
SURNAME Veríssimo, Érico
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Veríssimo, Érico Lopes (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Brazilian writer, literary scholar and translator
DATE OF BIRTH December 17, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Cruz Alta , Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
DATE OF DEATH November 28, 1975
Place of death Porto Alegre