305th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

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305th Infantry Division

305th Infantry Division logo

One of the four troop plates of the 305th ID
active December 15, 1940 to 1945 US captivity in Italy
Country German Reich NSGerman Reich (Nazi era) German Empire
Armed forces Wehrmacht
Armed forces army
Type Infantry Division
structure structure
Installation site Ravensburg
Nickname Lake Constance Division, "Rock in the Sea"
Second World War War against the Soviet Union
Battle of Stalingrad

Italian campaign

Commanders
list of Commanders
insignia
Another troop identification: Mermaid Mermaid as a troop badge
Another troop badge Troop registration
Another troop badge Troop registration

The 305th Infantry Division (ID) was a large unit of the Wehrmacht and was used on the Eastern Front, among other things in the Battle of Stalingrad .

Division history

The 305th Infantry Division was set up on December 15, 1940 as an indigenous division of the 13th wave of deployment in the Ravensburg area from one third each of the 78th Infantry Division and the 296th Infantry Division.

By order of February 7, 1942, the division was transformed into an attack division. In April 1942 it was moved to the Eastern Front , where it was used as part of the VIII Army Corps at the Battle of Kharkov and the Kessel Battle of Kalatsch . From October 13, 1942, the 305th Infantry Division took part in the offensive on the northern industrial complexes in the Battle of Stalingrad and was involved in heavy fighting around the “Red Barricades” gun factory until mid-November 1942. The division was completely destroyed near Stalingrad in January 1943.

As early as February 17, 1943, the 305th ID was reorganized in Brittany . Other sources report that the realignment did not take place until the summer of 1943.

After the fall of Mussolini , it was moved to the Italian theater of war on the Ligurian coast in August 1943 . During the Axis fall she was entrusted with the occupation of the war port La Spezia , but could not prevent the departure of the Italian warships anchored there. In October the division moved to southern Italy stood in the eastern section of the Volturno Line and participated in the defensive battles against the advancing 5th US Army . It then withdrew to the Sangro River in the eastern section of the Gustav Line . After the fall of the Gustav Line in the spring of 1944, the division, which was involved in retreat skirmishes, marched towards Umbria and had to be refreshed with troops from the 94th Infantry Division . Before she retired to the Goths in the summer of 1944 , she fought against Allied associations in Tuscany near Arezzo and in Casentino . From autumn 1944 to the Allied spring offensive in April 1945, it was in position in Romagna east of Bologna . The division came into American captivity north of Lake Garda .

Battle of Stalingrad

The 305th Infantry Division under the command of Lieutenant General Kurt Oppenländer was subordinate to the VIII Army Corps during the Battle of Stalingrad and defended the Kletskaia bridgehead in the Kotluban region in the initial phase on September 3, 1942. There they had to replace the 384th ID, which suffered heavy losses during the battles east of the Don. In this corridor between the Don and the Volga , the northern flank of the 6th Army was threatened by a large concentration of Red Army units. During the first Kotluban offensive under General Zhukov from September 3 to 12, 1942, the 24th and 4th Panzer Armies in the Vertiachii-Samofalowka sector tried in vain to penetrate the strong defense line of 305 ID and 76 ID.

On September 14, 1942, the fighting strength was infantry - battalions of the 305th ID as estimated follows: 3 strong (700 men and more), 2 medium (500-700), 4 average (400-500), a pioneer battalion average (300-400).

It was not until October 13, 1942 that the 305th Infantry Division arrived at the theater of war in Stalingrad. Hitler called off the plans for an offensive on Astrakhan and allowed Paulus to strengthen his forces with reserves for the conquest of the tactically important industrial area in the north of Stalingrad. Weichs ordered the 79th Infantry Division and the 305th Infantry Division to withdraw from their position on the land bridge between Don and Volga. Oppenländer managed to relocate the division to its new starting position west of Stalingrad within the planned time frame and made it possible for his troops to be available without restriction for the major attack planned on October 14, 1942. Although the 305th Infantry Division with its 9 infantry battalions was described by Paulus as fresh and rested, it still had strength during the Don battles and showed signs of wear and tear. IR 576 and 578 were to be deployed in grid square 85b4 and IR 577 with a tank squadron of 24th Infantry Division (Kampfgruppe Schulte) northeast of the loose-leaf binder over the Zhitomrisk-Balka in the direction of the railway line to the brickworks and the southern sector of the tractor factory.

Tractor factory

The attack began on Monday, October 14, 1942 with an unprecedentedly large-scale artillery fire and a massive carpet of bombs from 1250 combat aircraft, mainly Stukas. Infantry and armored wedges followed in staggered form, the grenadiers of the 305th Infantry Division attempted the positions of the 37th Guards Rifle Division in the lower workers' settlement "Tractor Factory", on the railway line and in the southern tip of the Stalingrad Tractor Factory at a vulnerable 90 ° angle Overrun 62nd Army . The main battle tanks managed to penetrate the trenches of the guardsmen on the railway line relatively quickly; the 90th SR / 95 became on Zhitomirsk Street. SD separated from the 37th GSD and destroyed. IR 576 and 578 fought their way house by house to the factory. After increasingly heavy and bloody fighting, a row of houses in grid square 96d4, 100–300 m from the tractor works, was reached at 3 p.m. The attack was to continue overnight. The losses of the 305th Infantry Division on October 14, 1942 amounted to 84 dead, 283 wounded and 15 missing. With great determination they defended the entrances to the brickworks in the south of the sector. Tongs of the 305th and 389th Infantry Division repeatedly trapped Guard Rifle units on their advance eastward. IR 577 penetrated the brickworks at night in grid square 94 and captured part of the oil tanks and a small section of the bank on the Volga. The southern half of the tractor factory had been in German possession since the early hours of the morning, the northern part a little later at 9 a.m. on October 15, 1942. IR 576 was together with IR 546 (389th ID) in the north sector of the tractor factory, IR 578 in the south and IR 577 in the Zieglei. The further advance of the German attack formations was stopped by Soviet artillery fire from gun batteries from the eastern Volga. During the entire day, the 14th PD, flanked by IR 576 and 578, fought persistent enemy resistance in the completely destroyed factory halls of the tractor factory, while IR 577 wanted to bring about the decision in the brickworks. An important ferry dock of the Red Army at the mouth of the Mokraia-Meschetka River was taken and the Gorokhow group in Rynok and Sparatanowka was cut off from the rest of the 62nd Army in the tractor factory. South of the tractor factory, IR 577 marched together with Kampfgruppe Schulte (24th PD) on the railway line north of the “Barricades” gun factory and penetrated Pribaltiskaya Street in the middle of the Minussinsk district. From there, Schulte's tanks could already bombard the north end of the gun factory and VI Chuikov's headquarters on the banks of the Volga. The 95th SD was dispatched to block the northern entrances to the “Barricades” gun factory. At the end of October 15, 1942, the Red Army reported that the 37th GSD and 95th SD had lost 75% of their manpower during the fighting for the tractor factory. The bitter resistance of the surviving Soviet soldiers and the extremely difficult terrain prevented a collapse of the 62nd Army in the industrial complexes.

Gun factory "Barricades"

To ensure the success of the LI. Army Corps from 14./15. To expand in October 1942, Seydlitz-Kurzbach ordered his troops to be reorganized and used against the defenses of the 62nd Army north of the gun factory "Barricades". The 14th PD, 24th PD and 305th ID were to take the gun factory, while the 389th ID was supposed to eliminate the last enemy resistance in the tractor factory. The reorganized units went into their new starting positions overnight:

  • Left border: IR 576 and 578 were to take the section between the railway line and the Volga south of the brickyard and attack south along Pribaltiskaia Street and Lenin Prospect
  • Center: 103rd Grenadier and 36th Panzer Regiments (14th PD) were supposed to storm the railway line and penetrate the center of the gun factory via Tramvainaia Street
  • Right border: 64th Motorcyclist Battalion (14th PD) and IR 577 were to conquer the southern sector of the “Barricades” gun factory from Tramvainaia Strasse to the stadium in close contact with 24th PD

The attack was carried out on October 16, 1942. In the north of the gun factory there was a tank battle in which 16 German tanks were destroyed. After stubborn Soviet resistance, the infantry reached the middle lane of the gun factory at 4 p.m., while heavy fighting continued in the northeast sector. The Red Army led reserves into the fighting via the Balkas. When night fell, the northern half of the “Barricades” gun factory belonged to the 103rd Grenadier Regiment and IR 576. IR 578 was involved in heavy skirmishes with the Red Army between Lenin Prospect and Volgaufer. IR 577 drove out regiments 161 and 241 895. SD east of the stadium and displaced them to positions on Skulpturnaia Street. Furthermore, IR 577 managed to overrun the defensive positions south of Tramvainaia Strasse and destroy the buried tanks of the 84th PB. In order not to completely lose the gun factory, Chuikov dispatched the 138th Rifle Division to the western Volga to recapture it on the night of October 17, 1942. The first regiment to arrive, the 650th SR, created a dense network of barricades, machine gun positions and fortifications in the factory, which could no longer be overrun by the Germans. On the night of October 16-17, 1942, Paul left the LI. Reorganize the Army Corps again to take the remains of the Barricades gun factory, the Sculpture Park and the Somorsk Sector. IR 577, 578 and 576 were supposed to bring the remaining workshops under German control. IR 578 and 576 had the order to take the eastern part of the factory and to clear buried Red Army soldiers as far as the Volga, IR 577 was supposed to destroy the enemy resistance in the Skulpturny Park. Some assault guns could be provided for support. On October 17, 1942, IR 578 and 576 encountered increasingly strong resistance from the 138th SD in the northeast sector of the gun factory, after a preliminary gain of 700 meters of land, their storm broke in concentrated defensive fire from expanded positions and bunkers of the Red Army along Baltiskaia Street together. The southwest area of ​​the factory had meanwhile been secured by the PzGren regiment 103. On October 18, 1942 after another reorganization of the attacking forces of the LI. Army Corps won the battle in the barricade factory with unprecedented severity. Oppenländer's grenadiers went ahead individually in each factory hall and tried to track down and destroy Soviet infantrymen and pioneers. The 138th SD and dispersed units of the 308th SD had express orders to hold the gun factory "Barricades" at all costs. Every room and every crevice in the rubble was used for defense. The Germans made progress, but at an excruciatingly slow pace, the closer they got to the Volga, the more intense the Soviet artillery fire from the other bank became. The battle for "Barrikady" developed into a series of vicious and chaotic room-to-room and hall-to-hall skirmishes with enormous casualties on both sides. In the north IR 578 was involved with 768th SR and south of it IR 576 with 650th SR in a merciless struggle for every workshop and factory hall, so that the goals of the day could not be achieved. The brickworks and the Balka south of the gun factory remained in the possession of the Red Army, the middle and northern workshops were held on the factory premises of the “Barrikaden” gun factory. Chuikov noted that the strength and morale of the German attackers had fallen sharply and that, according to his descriptions, they were "drowning in their own blood". Above all, the losses among officers and non-commissioned officers were disproportionately high. Major Emmendörfer of the 305th Infantry Division reported that six of his eight officers died on the factory premises within a short time.

Before the preparations for the attack on the “Red October” steelworks, three days of heavy autumn rain from October 19 to 22, 1942 forced the suspension of further major operations in the north of Stalingrad. Chuikov used this phase for further stronger counter-attacks. On October 19, 1942, fierce fighting developed between IR 576 and 578 in the northern sector of the factory on a bomb crater-strewn area when the 768th SR and 344th SR inflicted heavy casualties on the grenadiers from machine gun fire and mortar and artillery support. The German attempt to take Hall 6 (production hall) and Hall 4 (assembly hall) became a very protracted and bloody undertaking, which was finally canceled by Oppenländer. The Germans' weak phase was used by the Red Army for a series of surprising counter-attacks. In response, Seydlitz-Kurzbach ordered his soldiers to bury themselves wherever they were, to be more vigilant and to assign their own artillery and mortar observers to the front lines. According to reports from the 62nd Army, the 305th Infantry Division had already suffered a loss of 70% of its troops and the "trench strength" of its companies had sunk to 35 soldiers, 2000 German soldiers had already been in the "Barricades" gun factory since October 17, 1942 fallen and destroyed 45 tanks. According to reports from the 6th Army, the losses on October 19 amounted to 186 men: 34 dead, 137 wounded and 15 missing. The lack of adequate winter clothing would further weaken the morale of the German infantry. On October 20, when the rain continued, no major operations other than armed reconnaissance were carried out.

The combat strength of the 305th Infantry Division sank in the period from October 12 to 19, 1942 to 9 weak (300–400 men) infantry battalions and one weak (200–300) engineer battalion.

In the course of the offensive on the “Red October” steelworks on October 23, 1942, IR 578, 576 and 577 with combat groups in company and battalion strength should aim to capture the eastern part of “Barricades” and the Volga River in theirs Follow up the sector. The strongest of these combat groups was IR 578 on the right flank of the division with 6 tanks of the 24th PD in support in the southern sector of the factory, the other two groups from IR 576 and 577 against the central and northern section of the factory. The official combat strength of the 305th Infantry Division was 3345 soldiers, but this must be doubted. A number of scouting troops were dispatched to clarify the strength of the enemy in the Balkas and to push the enemy back in the direction of the Volga, but all of them failed. The fighting in the “Barricades” gun factory on the track, in the warehouses and destroyed factory halls was resumed with full intensity. IR 576 and 577 only advanced 100 meters in the northern section because the resistance of the Soviet troops was too strong. The Red Army soldiers snatched Hall 4 from the possession of the Wehrmacht, which could not be prevented either by the strong flank fire of the von Below group (24th PD) or by numerous Stuka attacks. At 12:30 p.m. Paul was informed that the 305th Infantry Division was no longer able to carry out a major assault. Even so, she had to repeat the attack the next day with the same goals. On October 24, 1942, parts of Hall 6b (mechanical workshop) were captured until SR 344, 768 and 650 were able to stabilize their defensive positions. Later that day, IR 578 and 577 prevailed, taking the rest of the mechanical workshop and hall 4 in the north. This meant that the south-west and central area of ​​the gun factory was in German ownership. In his desperate position in the command post of the 895th SR, Major Ustinov ordered salvos from Katyusha rocket launchers to be fired directly at his position, since German progress could no longer be stopped. Oppenländer repeated the status report of his division to the OKW, stating that the 305th Infantry Division was very exhausted and exhausted and was no longer able to carry out combat missions of any kind. On October 25, 1942, the companies of the 305th Infantry Division reached with a great effort that the 138th SD and 339th SR / 308. SD were pushed back over the rubble and rubble to the eastern area of ​​the gun factory, but could not locate all Soviet sniper positions in the bombed factory halls and workshops. Tschuikow's report reports of great successes of the Red Army soldiers in heroically maintaining their positions and that German grenadiers are incapable of close combat .

On October 26, 1942, the combat strength of the 305th Infantry Division was weak with five infantry battalions (300–400 men) and four completely exhausted and exhausted (less than 300), Pioneer Battalion 305 also exhausted (less than 200).

“ The 79th Division attacked the remaining parts of the 'Red October' metallurgical plant. To the north of it, parts of the 14th Panzer Division and 305th Division from the bread factory and the 'Rote Barrikade' factory attacked in the direction of the Volga and reached the bank up to and including the fuel depot. To the north of it, parts of the 305th Division are engaged in a tough battle between the gun factory and the Volga. Weather: clear, sunny, dry. "

- Situation report of the Army High Command on October 28, 1942

Between October 28 and 29, 1942, German submachine gun riflemen penetrated Novoselskaia Strasse east of the gun factory and advanced in small groups to the Volga River, where they were destroyed in close combat. The 305th Infantry Division reported 300 casualties and a current infantry strength of 1200 soldiers.

Due to the failed attempts at conquering the two factories, the reporting was censored at the instigation of Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels :

“ The Minister explains that the use of the designations 'Red Barricade' or 'Red October' for the factories in Stalingrad and reference to the defense of these factories by the workers in German propaganda are undesirable; these terms would address the circles infected with communism that still exist here and there. "

- Daily slogan of the Reich Press Chief of October 22, 1942

Operation Hubertus

As part of the original planning for Operation Hubertus and the removal of the last Soviet bridgeheads on the western Volga in November 1942, Paulus wanted to replace the heavily worn 305th Infantry Division with the 24th Infantry Division and withdraw the grenadiers from the front for a period of rest. These plans were revised due to a lack of reserves and alternatives and the 305th Infantry Division, after reinforcement by Sturmpionier battalions, received the order to conquer the eastern part of "Barrikady" up to the Volga River in the north of the landing zone of the 62nd Army. In addition, the 305th Infantry Division received two engineer battalions, an assault gun battalion and a tank squadron of the 24th PD. for the operation on November 11, 1942. On November 1, 1942, Colonel Bernhard Steinmetz replaced Lieutenant General Kurt Oppenländer in the division command. On November 10, 1942, the entire gun factory "Barricades" was cleared by the German grenadiers, only in the section behind the factory and the Volga were fortifications of the 62nd Army. On November 11, 1942, the 305th Infantry Division advanced for their last attack in Stalingrad, with the storm pioneers in the vanguard.

At the right border IR 577 went on November 11, 1942 together with PiBtl. 336 against SR 344 and 650 forward, IR 578 against the main forces of the 138th SD and IR 576 in Mezenskaia Street against troops of the 95th SD. A total of 5 infantry regiments of the 305th and 389th ID fought their way through a gigantic area of ​​rubble and rubble, which gently sloped towards the Volga and then ended abruptly in a deep steep bank. The main attack was carried out by Steinmetz '305th ID with the IR 576 and 578 on the right wing and in the center with the aim of destroying the oil tanks on the Volga. On the way of the storm group from IR 578 and PiBtl. 50 were two key buildings of the Soviet defense: the pharmacy and the commissioner's house, both 400 meters from the Volga. The headquarters of Major General Ivan I. Lyudnikov , commander of the 308th SD, was located in the commissioner's house . IR 576 and PiBtl. 294 made their way eastwards into Mezenskaia Street between the factory and a larger Balka to get to the oil tanks. IR 577 and PiBtl. 336 formed the smaller assault group and were supposed to throw the Soviet line of defense south of the brickworks up to house number 78, but hardly gained any land. In a surprise attack, the grenadiers and pioneers of the IR 578 group managed to quickly get into the vicinity of the pharmacy, while PiBtl. 50 found no way to break into the commissioner's house. At nightfall, the 305th Infantry Division reported that they had trapped 2,000 Red Army soldiers east of the "Barrikady" factory and intended to destroy them the next day. 3 buildings were captured and the area 400 m east of the factory was occupied. In addition, it was noted that other fighting techniques than previously practiced would lead to success here. As a result of the first day of Operation Hubertus, the factory chimneys collapsed and a wedge was driven between the 138th SD and 95th SD. The losses of 445 soldiers of 305th Infantry Division and 389th Infantry Division were a high price to pay for the small area gains.

On November 12, 1942, the force of the attack of the previous day slackened off and mainly violent reconnaissance actions were undertaken in the battlefield, which were met with furious counter-attacks by the Red Army, mainly in the area of ​​the oil tanks. 21 soldiers of the 305th Infantry Division were killed and 21 were seriously wounded. 5 of the 12 divisions of the LI. Army Corps (79th ID, 94th ID, 305th ID, 389th ID and 100th JD) suffered 70% of the total losses during this phase of the battle, i.e. 9409 soldiers. IR 578 was reinforced again to repeat the attack on the commissioner's house. The focus continued to be on conquering the section east of “Barrikady”, as the forces in the “Red October” steelworks were too weak for further offensive efforts. In the “Barrikady” area, the fighting concentrated on the shell structures such as houses No. 78 and 79 in the area of ​​Pribaltiskaia Street and Lenin Prospect. The 138th SD was meanwhile on November 13, 1942, encircled from all sides in what was known as the "Ludnikow Island" section of the terrain. Major Eberhard Rettenmaier, commander of the 2nd Btl./IR 578 led the attack on the police station starting from the pharmacy and house number 79. Heavy fighting also developed in the ruins of the P-shaped building. In the evening the Germans owned houses 66, 77, 81 and the P-shaped building. In the course of the battles, which were conducted with unusual severity and desperation, the Kommissarshaus finally fell through IR 578. On November 14, 1942, Steinmetz's division with 3000 soldiers tried to take the remaining shoreline between the Kommissarshaus and the Volga, but this was due to the large number of opposing bunkers and bunkers the angry resistance on the banks of the Volga failed. It was not even possible to gain more than 10 meters, with the losses soaring that the attack had to be stopped in the evening. The forces on both sides were coming to an end and so by the start of the Soviet operation Uranus on November 19, 1942, only a number of insignificant houses were captured with a sharp decline in combat use.

War crimes

Members of the 305th Infantry Division were involved in several war crimes in Italy between October 1943 and April 1945. Most of the victims demanded reprisals on a farm near Penetola di Niccone in the municipality of Umbertide north of Perugia in Umbria on June 28, 1944 by members of the Pioneer Battalion 305, in which 12 people, including women and children, were killed

According to the Atlante degli Stragi Naziste e Fasciste in Italia (Atlas of Nazi and Fascist massacres in Italy) project, which was financed by the German Federal Government and led by a historians' commission, over 170 massacres and executions in Italy occurred between September 1943 and April 1945 People killed by members of the division.

structure

  • 576th Infantry Regiment
    • I. Btl.
    • II. Btl.
    • III. Btl.
  • 577th Infantry Regiment
    • I. Btl.
    • II. Btl.
    • III. Btl.
  • 578th Infantry Regiment
    • I. Btl.
    • II. Btl.
    • III. Btl.
  • 305 Artillery Regiment
  • Pioneer Battalion 305
  • Field Replacement Battalion 305
  • Panzerjäger detachment 305
  • Reconnaissance Department 305
  • Infantry Division News Division 305
  • Division Supply Leader 305

Changes in the structure of the 305th ID from 1942 to 1944

1942 1944
IR 576 GR 576
IR 577 GR 577
IR 578 GR 578
305 Artillery Regiment
- Fusilier Battalion 305
- Field Replacement Battalion 305
Panzerjäger detachment 305
Pioneer Battalion 305
News Section 305
Supply units 305

people

Commanders of the 305th ID
period of service Rank Surname
December 15, 1940 to April 12, 1942 Lieutenant General Kurt Pflugradt
April 12 to November 1, 1942 Major general Kurt Oppenländer
November 1, 1942 to January 31, 1943 Colonel Bernhard Steinmetz
March 5, 1943 to December 1944 Lieutenant General Friedrich Wilhelm Hauck
December 29th to December 29th 1944 Colonel Friedrich Trumpeter
December 29, 1944 to May 8, 1945 Major general Friedrich von Schellwitz
Staff officers (Ia) of the 305th ID
period of service Rank Surname
December 1940 to March 1941 Lieutenant colonel Franz von Bierbauer zu Bernstein
March to December 1941 major Max Freiherr von Schade
December 1941 to March 14, 1942 Lieutenant colonel Kuhn
March 1942 to February 2, 1943,
afterwards in captivity		 Lieutenant colonel Rudolf Paltzo
March 15, 1943 to March 1, 1944 Lieutenant colonel Ludwig-Philipp Graf von Ingelheim, called
Echter von und zu Mespelbrunn
March 1, 1944 to April 1, 1945 Lieutenant colonel Wilhelm Schuster
April 1 to May 1945 major Wolfgang Lambrecht called Spieth
  • Major Eberhard Rettenmaier , battalion commander II. Btl./IR 578
Rettenmaier reported as one of the few eyewitnesses of the capture of tactically important buildings such as the commissioner's house and the pharmacy east of the gun factory "Barrikaden" in the context of Operation Hubertus in November 1942. Rettenmaier processed his experiences in the book " The end of the 305th" Bodensee "division in Stalingrad ”.

Awards

Knight's Cross bearer

  • Colonel Willy Winzer, regimental commander, IR 578, awarded on November 3, 1942.
  • Major Wilhelm Braun, Department Commander, II.Btl./IR 576, awarded on January 20, 1943
  • Lieutenant Colonel Hans-Georg Brandt, Regimental Commander, IR 577, awarded on January 22, 1943

literature

  • Friedrich Wilhelm Hauck, " A German Division in Russia and Italy - 305th Infantry Division 1941–1945 ", Podzun, Dorheim 1975, 468 pages, ISBN 3-7909-0031-1 .
  • David M. Glantz: Armageddon in Stalingrad: September – November 1942 (The Stalingrad Trilogy, Volume 2) . University of Kansas Press, Lawrence 2009, ISBN 978-0-7006-1664-0 .
  • Georg Tessin : Associations and troops of the German Wehrmacht and Waffen SS in World War II 1939–1945. Volume 9. The Land Forces 281-370 . Biblio-Verlag, Bissendorf 1974, ISBN 3-7648-1174-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

On the pages of the book:

  • David M. Glantz: Armageddon in Stalingrad: September – November 1942 (The Stalingrad Trilogy, Volume 2). University of Kansas Press, Lawrence 2009.
  1. ↑ p. 136.
  2. ↑ pp. 31-32.
  3. ↑ p. 40.
  4. ↑ p. 48, 102.
  5. ↑ p. 137.
  6. ↑ p. 138.
  7. ↑ pp. 353-355.
  8. ↑ pp. 375-379.
  9. ↑ p. 384.
  10. ↑ a b p. 386.
  11. ↑ p. 782.
  12. ↑ pp. 393-396.
  13. ↑ p. 401.
  14. ↑ pp. 405-407.
  15. ↑ pp. 410-412.
  16. ↑ pp. 416-417.
  17. ↑ pp. 421-423.
  18. ↑ pp. 425-427.
  19. ↑ pp. 429-431.
  20. ↑ pp. 433-434.
  21. ↑ p. 460.
  22. ↑ pp. 468-469, 474, 475, 477.
  23. ↑ pp. 484-485, 487, 489.
  24. ↑ pp. 492-495.
  25. ↑ p. 500.
  26. ↑ p. 503.
  27. ↑ p. 512.
  28. ↑ p. 518.
  29. ↑ pp. 611-612, 614-615.
  30. ↑ pp. 617-618.
  31. ↑ p. 621.
  32. ↑ p. 634.
  33. ↑ p. 644.
  34. ↑ pp. 646-651.
  35. ↑ p. 655.
  36. ↑ pp. 657-659.
  37. ↑ pp. 661-662.
  38. ↑ pp. 664-667.
  39. ↑ pp. 671-672.
  40. ↑ pp. 679-680, 685-686, 689, 697, 706.

Further evidence

  1. ^ Carlo Gentile : Itinerari di guerra: La presenza delle troupe tedesche nel Lazio occupato 1943-1944. Online publications of the German Historical Institute in Rome , Rome or JS 31–32 PDF
  2. ↑ Operation axis - Disgregazione delle forze italiane al nord e al centro. In: bellaciaomilano.it. Retrieved November 27, 2019 (Italian).
  3. ↑ Ukrainian loess / erosion canyon.
  4. ^ Janusz Piekalkiewicz: Stalingrad. Anatomy of a battle. Heyne, Munich 1993, p. 301.
  5. ^ Janusz Piekalkiewicz: Stalingrad. Anatomy of a battle. Heyne, Munich 1993, pp. 330-331.
  6. ^ Janusz Piekalkiewicz: Stalingrad. Anatomy of a battle. Heyne, Munich 1993, p. 314.
  7. ↑ Penetola di Niccone, Umbertide, June 28, 1944 (Perugia - Umbria). In: straginazifasciste.it. Retrieved November 28, 2019 (Italian).
  8. ↑ 305th Infantry Division. In: straginazifasciste.it. Retrieved November 28, 2019 (Italian).
  9. ↑ biographical data unknown.
  10. ↑ Hans Wijers: The fight for Stalingrad, the fighting in the industrial area, October 14 to November 19, 1942. Brummen 2001, pp. 166, 172, 177.