41st century BC Chr.

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The 41st century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 4100th And ended on December 31, 4001 BC. This corresponds to the period 6050 to 5951 BP or the interval 5269 to 5192 radiocarbon years .

Time calculation

• 4026 BC Chr .:
  • Creation of Adam for Jehovah's Witnesses .
• 4004 BC Chr .:
  • According to the Ussher-Lightfoot calendar, the creation of the universe took place on Saturday October 22nd at nightfall ( Julian calendar ). In the Gregorian calendar this corresponds to September 20, 4003 BC. The calculations made by James Ussher are based on the Old Testament .

Age / Epoch

• Late Atlantean (AT3), transition from lower level I (4550 to 4050 BC) to lower level II (4050 to 3710 BC), with water levels rising again.
• Early Neolithic in Central Europe .

Developments, inventions and discoveries

Lapis lazuli

• Cultivation of sorghum and rice in Sudan .
• First diving in Egypt around 4000 BC Nails made of copper .
• First urban dwellings in Ur and Uruk (Sumer) as well as in Tell Hamoukar ( Syria ).
• Development of the loom in Iraq .
• In Ur is lapis lazuli introduced.

Events

• Around 4000 BC Chr .:
  • Rehman Dheri founded the first fortified city on the Indian subcontinent .
  • In the cave of Baume de Fontbrégoua in the Var department in France, there is evidence of cannibalism .

Archaeological cultures

Woman statuette made of hippopotamus ivory, Badari culture , approx. 4000 BC Chr.

Gui of the Dawenkou culture

Cultures in North Africa

• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site .

Cultures in Egypt

• The Badari culture (4400-4000 BC) disappears at the end of the 41st century
• The heyday of the Naqada culture in Upper Egypt (Naqada I - 4500 to 3500 BC)

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Sumer : Transitional phase from the Obed period (LC-1 or Uruk XVI to Uruk XIV) to the early Uruk period (early LC-2 or Uruk XII).
• Obed culture in Mesopotamia (5500 to about 3500 BC) - Obed III
• Uruk period (from 4000 to 3100/3000 BC), with a transition phase from 4200 BC Chr.
• Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3
• Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
• Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq E.
• Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 24-15
• Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 19-9
• Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Tappa Gaura 20-12 or XI to Xa
• Susa (from 4000 BC) in Iran - Susa I
• Tell Hammam et-Turkman in Syria - Va / Vb

Cultures in East Asia

• China :
  • Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
  • Hongshan Culture (4700-2900 BC), Northeast China
  • Daxi culture (4400 to 3300 BC), middle Yangtze River
  • Beginning of the Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea .
• Korea :
  • Early Jeulmun period (6000 to 3500 BC).
• Japan :
  • Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BC) - the earliest Jōmon period - Jōmon II (8,000 to 4,000 BC) - is coming to an end.

Cultures in Europe

• Northeast Europe :
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC) in Poland , Lithuania and Belarus
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon dating : 5600 to 2300 BC)
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
• Eastern Europe :
  • Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) in Kazakhstan and Eastern Europe ( Russia , Ukraine )
• Southeast Europe :
  • Cucuteni Culture (4800 to 3200 BC): Early Phase A / B (4200 to 4000 BC)
  • Gumelniţa culture (4700 to 3700 BC): phase Gumelniţa A2 (4500 to 3950 BC)
  • The Varna culture (4400 to 4100 BC) in Bulgaria disappears at the beginning of the century.
  • Boian culture in Romania and Bulgaria (4300 to 3500 BC) - Phase III - Vidra phase, 4100-4000 BC Chr.
• Central Europe ( Early Neolithic - 4400 to 3500 BC):
  • Lengyel culture (4900 to 3950 BC) in Hungary , Austria and the Czech Republic
  • Tiszapolgár culture (4500 to 4000 BC) in Hungary and Slovakia
  • Rössen culture - 4500/4300 to 3500 BC In East Germany
  • Gatersleben culture - 4300 to 3900 BC In East Germany
  • Jordansmühler culture (4300 to 3900 BC) in eastern Central Europe
  • Aichbühler Group (4200 to 4000 BC) in southern Germany
  • Schussenrieder Group (4200 to 3700 BC) in southwest Germany
  • Baalberg culture (4200 to 3100 BC) in central Germany
  • Funnel beaker culture (4200 to 2800 BC) in northern Central Europe
• Western Europe :
  • Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) in France , Switzerland and Italy
  • Megalithic cultures :
    • France (4700 to 2000 BC)
    • Malta : Beginning of the Żebbuġ phase (4100-3800 BC) with the Brochtorff Circle
• North and Mesoamerica :
  • Archaic period .
  • Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán ( Mexico )
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru.
  • Middle Pre-Ceramic (7000 to 4000 BC) in northern Chile . Lower Alto Barranco and Alto Aguada along the Pacific coast and Rinconada in the hinterland.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ https://wol.jw.org/de/wol/d/r10/lp-x/1200000089
2. ^ Roberts, J .: History of the World . Penguin, 1994.
3. ↑ M. Voigt, RH Dyson: The Chronology of Iran, approx. 8000-2000 BC , In: RW Ehrich (editor): Chronologies in Old World Archeology , Chicago / London, pp. 122-178, especially Table 2