38th century BC Chr.

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The 38th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 3800th And ended on December 31, 3701 BC. This corresponds to the period 5750 to 5651 before today or the interval 5012 to 4936 radiocarbon years .

Time calculation / calendar

• 25. Elul 3761 BC Chr . : Beginning of the Jewish era Anno Mundi - creation of the world (1st day of creation; in the Gregorian calendar September 6, 3761 BC).

Age / Epoch

• End of the Atlantic and onset of the subboreal (from 3710 BC).
• Early Neolithic in Central Europe (4400 to 3500 BC).

Events / developments

• The climate is subject to the first Piora fluctuation (Piora fluctuation I - 3900 to 3780 BC). It causes a global cooling; the Sahara begins to dry up, and as a consequence the local population is migrating towards the Nile Valley .
• The discovery of mass graves (dated to the period 3800 to 3600 BC) at Tell Majnuna (immediately north of Tell Brak ) in Syria indicates armed conflicts .
• The culture of the Neolithic II (4500 to 3500 BC) on Cyprus (with the main site Sotira on the south coast) is believed to have been around 3800 BC. Badly hit by an earthquake .
• The Balla child lived in a cave in the Bükk in Hungary . The skeleton was dated from 3709 to 3599 BC. Dated.

Inventions and discoveries

• Brush painting in China

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site

Cultures in Egypt

• The Naqada culture continued to exist in Upper Egypt (Naqada I - 4500 to 3500 BC)
• In Lower Egypt , however, the Maadi culture flourished (4000 to 3500 BC) - copper finds

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• In Mesopotamien ( Sumer ) who ruled Obed culture (5500 to about 3500 BC..) - Obed IV and the Uruk period (Mean Uruk time - 3800-3400 BC -.. Uruk VIII to Uruk VI or LC 3).
• Ghassulia culture (4500 to 3500 BC) in Israel
• Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC) in Iran
• Individual sites:
  • Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3 or Gaura A.
  • Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
  • Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq E.
  • Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC) in Syria - TW 18-19
  • Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 15
  • Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 11-9
  • Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Gaura 13-12
  • Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC) in Syria
  • Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC) in Syria
  • Tepe Yahya in Iran - Tepe Yahya VI (4500 to 3800 BC)
  • Susa in Iran (from 4000 BC) - Susa I
  • Arslantepe in Turkey - VIII
  • Tell Hammam et Turkman in Syria - vb

Cultures in South Asia

• Mehrgarh - Period III (4800 to 3500 BC) in Balochistan
• Namazgadepe (5300 to 1700 BC) in Turkmenistan - Namazga III
• The Amri culture ( Indus valley , 4th and 3rd millennium BC) and the Nal culture ( Baluchistan , 3800 to 2200 BC) develop on the Indian subcontinent .

Cultures in East Asia

Jade dragons, Hongshan culture

• In China during the 38th century BC Different cultures:
  • the Dadiwan culture (5800 to 3000 BC) on the upper Huang He
  • the Baiyangcun culture (5000 to 3700 BC)
  • the Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC) in central and northern China
  • the Majiabang culture (4750 to 3700 BC) on the lower Yangtze River
  • in northeast China the Hongshan culture (4700 to 2900 BC)
  • on the middle Yangtze the Daxi culture (4400 to 3300 BC)
  • the Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC) on the coast of the Yellow Sea
  • the Beiyinyangying culture (4000 to 3000 BC) on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River
  • the Songze culture (3900-3200 BC) on the lower reaches of the Yangtze .

Songze ceramics

• In Vietnam there is the Đa Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC) with quite archaic ceramics (basket models)

Cultures in Siberia

• In the southwest of Siberia , the Ekaterininka culture (4300 to 3700 BC) comes to an end

Cultures in Europe

• Northern Europe :
  • Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States
• Northeast Europe :
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC) in Poland , Lithuania and Belarus
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
  • Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
• Eastern Europe :
• Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) spread in southern Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine , including the Sredny Stog culture (4500 to 3500 BC) north of the Sea of Azov
• Southeast Europe :
  • Danube civilization (5000 to 3500 BC)
  • Cucuteni culture (4800 to 3200 BC) in Romania , Moldova and the Ukraine: Cucuteni, phase B or Tripolje, phase B2 / C1 (4000 to 3500 BC)
  • Gumelniţa culture (4700 to 3700 BC) in Romania and Moldova - phase Gumelniţa B1 and B2 (3950 to 3700 BC)
  • Boian culture in Romania and Bulgaria (4300 to 3500 BC) - Phase IV - Spanţov phase - 4000 to 3500 BC Chr.

Sketch of typical Altheim ceramics

• Central Europe :

Reconstructed pile dwellings of the Schussenried Group

• In Bavaria , the Münchshöfen culture (4500 to 3800 BC) came to an end; it is now replaced by the Altheim group (3800 to 3400/3300 BC) - both cultures of the Neolithic .
• Further persistence of the Middle Neolithic Rössen culture (4300 to 3500 BC).
• In northern Central Europe, under the Neolithic funnel beaker culture (4200 to 2800 BC), agriculture was practiced for the first time (Siggenebben phase in Schleswig-Holstein 3900 to 3700 BC).
• In the Alpine foothills of Switzerland , the Pfyner culture (3900 to 3500 BC) can be found parallel to the Altheim group .
• Beginning of the Baalberg culture belonging to the funnel beaker culture (3800 to 3400 BC - it corresponds to the ceramic styles TRB-MES II and TRB-MES III, TRB-MES I had just ended)
• In Austria ( Salzkammergut ) the Mondsee culture develops (3770 to 3200 BC)
• In southwest Germany, the Schussenried group (4200 to 3700 BC) is drawing to a close.

Ceramic of the Baalberg culture

• In Western Europe , the early Neolithic Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) can still be found
  • Chasséen (4300 to 3500 BC) in France
  • Cortaillod (4000 to 3500 BC) in western Switzerland
  • Lagozza (3900 to 3400 BC) in Northern Italy
• The megalithic culture can be found:
  • in France (4700 to 2000 BC)
  • on the Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC) in Spain and Portugal
  • in Sardinia with the Ozieri culture (4000 to 3200 BC). It is characterized by megalithic buildings ( dolmens , menhirs ), necropolises (cave tombs) and richly shaped ceramics and sculptures .
  • in Malta . Around 3800 BC The temple phase of the megalithic temples of Malta begins

Cultures in america

• North and Central America are still in the Archaic Period . In the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC onwards The first mounds were built.
• Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán ( Mexico )
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador

Web links

Commons : 38th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ McMahon, A. et al. a .: Late chalcolithic mass graves at Tell Brak, Syria, and violent conflict during the growth of early city-states . In: Journal of Field Archeology . tape 36 , 2011, p. 201-220 . (engl.)
2. ↑ Mirbagheri, F .: Historical Dictionary of Cyprus . Scarecrow Press, 2009, pp. 288 . (engl.)
3. ↑ Tillier, A.-M. u. a .: Direct dating of the "Gravettian" Balla child's skeleton from Bükk Mountains (Hungary): unexpected results . In: Journal of Human Evolution . tape 56 , 2009, p. 209-212 . (engl.)
4. ↑ Gabriele Walter: HB Bild.254 Malta. HB Bildatlas, ISBN 3-616-06159-8 , p. 111.