Sredny Stog culture
| Prehistoric cultures of Russia | |
| Mesolithic | |
| Kunda culture | 7400-6000 BC Chr. |
| Neolithic | |
| Bug Dniester culture | 6500-5000 BC Chr. |
| Dnepr-Don culture | 5000-4000 BC Chr. |
| Sredny Stog culture | 4500-3500 BC Chr. |
| Ekaterininka culture | 4300-3700 BC Chr. |
| Fatyanovo culture | around 2500 BC Chr. |
| Copper Age | |
| North Caspian culture | |
| Spa culture | 5000-3000 BC Chr. |
| Samara culture | around 5000 BC Chr. |
| Chwalynsk culture | 5000-4500 BC Chr. |
| Botai culture | 3700-3100 BC Chr. |
| Yamnaya culture | 3600-2300 BC Chr. |
| Afanassjewo culture | 3500-2500 BC Chr. |
| Usatovo culture | 3300-3200 BC Chr. |
| Glaskovo culture | 3200-2400 BC Chr. |
| Bronze age | |
| Poltavka culture | 2700-2100 BC Chr. |
| Potapovka culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Catacomb tomb culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Abashevo culture | 2500-1800 BC Chr. |
| Sintashta culture | 2100-1800 BC Chr. |
| Okunew culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Samus culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Andronovo culture | 2000-1200 BC Chr. |
| Susgun culture | around 1700 BC Chr. |
| Srubna culture | 1600-1200 BC Chr. |
| Colchis culture | 1700-600 BC Chr. |
| Begasy Dandybai culture | around 1300 BC Chr. |
| Karassuk culture | around 1200 BC Chr. |
| Ust-mil culture | around 1200–500 BC Chr. |
| Koban culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Irmen culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Late corporate culture | around 1000 BC Chr. |
| Plate burial culture | around 1300–300 BC Chr. |
| Aldy Bel culture | 900-700 BC Chr. |
| Iron age | |
| Baitowo culture | |
| Tagar culture | 900-300 BC Chr. |
| Nosilowo group | 900-600 BC Chr. |
| Ananino culture | 800-300 BC Chr. |
| Tasmola culture | 700-300 BC Chr. |
| Gorokhovo culture | 600-200 BC Chr. |
| Sagly bashi culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Jessik Beschsatyr culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Pazyryk level | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Sargat culture | 500 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Kulaika culture | 400 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Tes level | 300 BC Chr. – 100 AD |
| Shurmak culture | 200 BC Chr. – 200 AD |
| Tashtyk culture | 100–600 AD |
| Chernyakhov culture | AD 200–500 |
The Sredni Stog culture ( English Sredny Stog culture ) is a northern Pontic Neolithic / Chalcolithic archaeological culture that dates from around 4500 BC. Chr. To 3500 BC North of the Sea of Azov between the rivers Dnepr and Don (today Russia and Ukraine ). The name comes from the Ukrainian village where the culture was first localized. One of the most famous settlements associated with this culture is Deriyivka on the Dnieper River (Ukraine). The Yamnaja culture follows the Sredny Stog culture . The deceased lie on their backs with their legs drawn up and sometimes sprinkled with ocher . Kurgan, string-adorned pottery, and stone ax shapes that may have traveled west with the Indo-Europeans appear in the final stages. Some researchers consider the people of Sredniy Stog II (4200-3700 BC) to be the oldest horse breeders in the world. However, the horses served primarily as meat suppliers. The British archaeologist Marsha Ann Levine found no clear evidence that horses were used as pulling or riding animals before the end of the 3rd millennium. For the latter, the small animals (height 1.2–1.4 m; today 1.6–1.75 m) were unsuitable and draft animals (cattle) already existed in the region. As the drought progressed, they pushed back the keeping of cattle. Evidence for the consumption of horse meat is from Derijiwka on the Dnieper, where around 4000 BC. Around 60% of all bones come from horses. In Repin on Don it was about 80% and in Petropavlovsk in the north of Kazakhstan it was even about 90%. Levine considers the horse bones studied in Derijiwka to be those of the wild form.
literature
- Marsha A. Levine: Eating horses: the evolutionary significance of hippophagy. In: Antiquity. Vol. 72, No. 275, 1998, ISSN 0003-598X , pp. 90-100, doi : 10.1017 / S0003598X00086300 .
- Marsha A. Levine: Domestication and the early horse peoples. In: Elizabeth Peplow (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Horse. Bounty Books, London 1998, ISBN 0-7537-1619-4 , pp. 12-15.
- Marsha A. Levine: Botai and the origins of horse domestication. In: Journal of Anthropological Archeology. Vol. 18, No. 1, 1999, ISSN 0278-4165 , pp. 29-78, doi : 10.1006 / jaar.1998.0332 .
- Marsha Levine: The Origins of Horse Husbandry on the Eurasian Steppe. In: Marsha Levine, Yuri Rassamakin, Aleksandr Kislenko, Nataliya Tatarintseva: Late Prehistoric Exploitation of the Eurasian Steppe. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge 1999, ISBN 1-902937-03-1 , pp. 5-57.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The dates in the table are taken from the individual articles and do not always have to be reliable. Cultures in areas of other former Soviet republics were included.