Aldy Bel culture

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Prehistoric cultures of Russia
Mesolithic
Kunda culture 7400-6000 BC Chr.
Neolithic
Bug Dniester culture 6500-5000 BC Chr.
Dnepr-Don culture 5000-4000 BC Chr.
Sredny Stog culture 4500-3500 BC Chr.
Ekaterininka culture 4300-3700 BC Chr.
Fatyanovo culture around 2500 BC Chr.
Copper Age
North Caspian culture
Spa culture 5000-3000 BC Chr.
Samara culture around 5000 BC Chr.
Chwalynsk culture 5000-4500 BC Chr.
Botai culture 3700-3100 BC Chr.
Yamnaya culture 3600-2300 BC Chr.
Afanassjewo culture 3500-2500 BC Chr.
Usatovo culture 3300-3200 BC Chr.
Glaskovo culture 3200-2400 BC Chr.
Bronze age
Poltavka culture 2700-2100 BC Chr.
Potapovka culture 2500-2000 BC Chr.
Catacomb tomb culture 2500-2000 BC Chr.
Abashevo culture 2500-1800 BC Chr.
Sintashta culture 2100-1800 BC Chr.
Okunew culture around 2000 BC Chr.
Samus culture around 2000 BC Chr.
Andronovo culture 2000-1200 BC Chr.
Susgun culture around 1700 BC Chr.
Srubna culture 1600-1200 BC Chr.
Colchis culture 1700-600 BC Chr.
Begasy Dandybai culture around 1300 BC Chr.
Karassuk culture around 1200 BC Chr.
Ust-mil culture around 1200–500 BC Chr.
Koban culture 1200-400 BC Chr.
Irmen culture 1200-400 BC Chr.
Late corporate culture around 1000 BC Chr.
Plate burial culture around 1300–300 BC Chr.
Aldy Bel culture 900-700 BC Chr.
Iron age
Baitowo culture
Tagar culture 900-300 BC Chr.
Nosilowo group 900-600 BC Chr.
Ananino culture 800-300 BC Chr.
Tasmola culture 700-300 BC Chr.
Gorokhovo culture 600-200 BC Chr.
Sagly bashi culture 500-300 BC Chr.
Jessik Beschsatyr culture 500-300 BC Chr.
Pazyryk level 500-300 BC Chr.
Sargat culture 500 BC Chr. – 400 AD
Kulaika culture 400 BC Chr. – 400 AD
Tes level 300 BC Chr. – 100 AD
Shurmak culture 200 BC Chr. – 200 AD
Tashtyk culture 100–600 AD
Chernyakhov culture AD 200–500

The Aldy Bel culture was widespread in Tuva in southern Siberia from the 9th to 7th centuries BC . It is usually divided into two stages, which some scientists believe form independent cultures. All finds of the Aldy-Bel culture come from Kurganen ; so far no traces of settlement are known. However, it can be assumed that their porters were cattle breeders and equestrian nomads .

Arshan level

The most outstanding find complex of the older Arshan stage is Kurgan 1 near Arshan on the Ujuk . It consisted of a large stone mound under which there were over 70 wooden chambers arranged in a circle around the central chamber. Some of them contained horse burials . Around the central burial chamber there were eight tree coffins and other horse skeletons. Both the buried people and the horses lay on their left side in the vast majority of cases. The central chamber itself had already been robbed at the time of the excavation, but remains of what was once very rich furnishings were found.

Aldy-Bel level / Ust-Chemtschik level

Kurgan 2 from Arshan stands out among the kurgan of the following Ust-Chemtschik or Aldy-Bel level. As with Arshan 1, it is a large stone kurgan. In its vicinity there were several stone circles on which the remains of burn victims were found. The Kurgan itself contained numerous burials, with two chambers standing out in particular: A saddle and horse jewelry were buried in grave 2, but no traces of a buried horse were found. Grave 5 was the actual main burial. It consisted of two wooden chambers, one inside the other, lined with red and black felt on the inside. On the floor lay the skeletons of a man and a woman; both were magnificently decorated. In total, the central chamber contained over 9,300 objects, including almost 6,000 gold objects. The works of art of the Aldy-Bel stage already show clear features of the Scythian animal style .

The Sagly-Baschi culture evidently followed the Aldy-Bel culture in a continuous transition .

literature

  • Konstantin V. Čugunov, Hermann Parzinger , Anatolij Nagler: The Scythian princely grave mound of Aržan 2 in Tuva. Preliminary report of the Russian-German excavations 2000–2002. In: Eurasia Antiqua. 9, 2003, pp. 113-162, ( digitized version ).
  • Александр Д. Грач: Древние кочевники в центре Азии. Наука, Москва 1980.
  • Michail Petrovič Grjaznov: The Great Kurgan of Aržan in Tuva, southern Siberia (= materials for general and comparative archeology. 23). Beck, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-406-30716-7 .
  • Анатолий М. Мандельштам: Ранние кочевники скифского периода на территории Тувы. In: Марина Г. Мошкова (Ed.): Степная полоса азиатской части СССР в скифо-сарматское время. Наука, Москва 1992, ISBN 5-02-009916-3 , pp. 178–204.
  • Hermann Parzinger: The early peoples of Eurasia. From the Neolithic to the Middle Ages (= Historical Library of the Gerda Henkel Foundation. ). Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54961-6 , p. 608 ff., Fig. 199-200.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The dates in the table are taken from the individual articles and do not always have to be reliable. Cultures in areas of other former Soviet republics were included.