Ananino culture
| Prehistoric cultures of Russia | |
| Mesolithic | |
| Kunda culture | 7400-6000 BC Chr. |
| Neolithic | |
| Bug Dniester culture | 6500-5000 BC Chr. |
| Dnepr-Don culture | 5000-4000 BC Chr. |
| Sredny Stog culture | 4500-3500 BC Chr. |
| Ekaterininka culture | 4300-3700 BC Chr. |
| Fatyanovo culture | around 2500 BC Chr. |
| Copper Age | |
| North Caspian culture | |
| Spa culture | 5000-3000 BC Chr. |
| Samara culture | around 5000 BC Chr. |
| Chwalynsk culture | 5000-4500 BC Chr. |
| Botai culture | 3700-3100 BC Chr. |
| Yamnaya culture | 3600-2300 BC Chr. |
| Afanassjewo culture | 3500-2500 BC Chr. |
| Usatovo culture | 3300-3200 BC Chr. |
| Glaskovo culture | 3200-2400 BC Chr. |
| Bronze age | |
| Poltavka culture | 2700-2100 BC Chr. |
| Potapovka culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Catacomb tomb culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Abashevo culture | 2500-1800 BC Chr. |
| Sintashta culture | 2100-1800 BC Chr. |
| Okunew culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Samus culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Andronovo culture | 2000-1200 BC Chr. |
| Susgun culture | around 1700 BC Chr. |
| Srubna culture | 1600-1200 BC Chr. |
| Colchis culture | 1700-600 BC Chr. |
| Begasy Dandybai culture | around 1300 BC Chr. |
| Karassuk culture | around 1200 BC Chr. |
| Ust-mil culture | around 1200–500 BC Chr. |
| Koban culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Irmen culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Late corporate culture | around 1000 BC Chr. |
| Plate burial culture | around 1300–300 BC Chr. |
| Aldy Bel culture | 900-700 BC Chr. |
| Iron age | |
| Baitowo culture | |
| Tagar culture | 900-300 BC Chr. |
| Nosilowo group | 900-600 BC Chr. |
| Ananino culture | 800-300 BC Chr. |
| Tasmola culture | 700-300 BC Chr. |
| Gorokhovo culture | 600-200 BC Chr. |
| Sagly bashi culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Jessik Beschsatyr culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Pazyryk level | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Sargat culture | 500 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Kulaika culture | 400 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Tes level | 300 BC Chr. – 100 AD |
| Shurmak culture | 200 BC Chr. – 200 AD |
| Tashtyk culture | 100–600 AD |
| Chernyakhov culture | AD 200–500 |
The Ananino culture (approx. 800-300 BC) is an archaeological culture of the Iron Age in the area of the central Volga (from the river Wetluga to the city of Ulyanovsk ) and in the basin of the Kama river. Remains could even be found near Birsk and further north near Pechora . In the Volga region and the lower Kama region, the traces of the Ananino culture extend to the 6th, in other areas to the 3rd – 2nd centuries. Century BC Chr.
This culture takes its name from the small village of Ananino near Jelabuga , where the first graves of this culture were discovered in 1858 by PV Alabin and IV Shishkin.
Finds and finds
Numerous unfortified settlements, burial grounds and fortresses, which were often built near rivers, are known from the Ananino culture. The most famous forts are Novokabanov, Kakrykul, Peter-Tau, Anachev, Tra-Tau, Trikol, Novobiktov, a settlement near Birsk and a burial ground near Tash-Elga.
The remains of wooden houses with sides of 10 × 5 m to 12 × 4 m have been found in the settlements and fortresses. In the settlement Konetsgor divided were in the sections longhouses discovered hearths in the longitudinal axis. The people practiced cattle breeding, agriculture, fishing and hunting. They forged black iron and used bronze casting, mastered pottery, weaving and spinning, worked bones and traded leather. The typical ceramic is round-bottomed and decorated with notches and imprints of cord. Many processed animal bones were found in the settlements, including various types of arrowheads, harpoons and hoes.
Burial places are kurgan , mostly small, but sometimes also very large. The upper Ahmylov burial site contained more than 1,100 burials. The oldest of them have groups of stone steles with engravings of weapons on the sides of the graves. In the 6-5 Century BC BC the steles were erected on the graves, sometimes showing men with or without weapons. Burials in pit graves with wooden chambers were predominant. Individual burials predominate, but couples or group burials also occur, as do secondary and skull burials. In addition to clay vessels and other objects, remains of meat given to them were found in some graves, horse meat for men and beef for women. In the men's graves there were usually spears, swords, daggers, arrowheads and blades. In the women's graves was jewelry such as bracelets, neck rings, pendants and tubes that were attached to a leather headband.
In the early stages of the ananino culture, bronze and iron objects were equally represented, as were flint arrowheads and scrapers.
The Ananino culture was very much influenced by the Caucasian Koban-Colchis culture , as well as by the Scythians and the eastern nomadic cultures of the Eurasian steppe. The connections with the Caucasus cultures were particularly significant, as indicated by the large number of imported objects. There are also many indications of Caucasian traditions in the metal objects.
language
Presumably the members of the Ananino culture belonged to the Finno-Ugric peoples . The Udmurt tribe developed in the eastern part of the Kama Basin, the Maris tribe in the western part and the Komi tribe in the north.
literature
- AV Zbrueva: History of the Kama Population in the Ananian Epoch . Moscow, 1952.
- AH Halikov: Volga-Kama in the beginning of the Early Iron Epoch . Moscow, 1977.
- Archeology of Southern Urals . Sterlitamak, 1993.
- VN Markov: Ananian problem (some results and objectives of its resolution) - Monuments of Volga-Kama ancient history . Kazan, 1994.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The dates in the table are taken from the individual articles and do not always have to be reliable. Cultures in areas of other former Soviet republics were included.