Tes level
| Prehistoric cultures of Russia | |
| Mesolithic | |
| Kunda culture | 7400-6000 BC Chr. |
| Neolithic | |
| Bug Dniester culture | 6500-5000 BC Chr. |
| Dnepr-Don culture | 5000-4000 BC Chr. |
| Sredny Stog culture | 4500-3500 BC Chr. |
| Ekaterininka culture | 4300-3700 BC Chr. |
| Fatyanovo culture | around 2500 BC Chr. |
| Copper Age | |
| North Caspian culture | |
| Spa culture | 5000-3000 BC Chr. |
| Samara culture | around 5000 BC Chr. |
| Chwalynsk culture | 5000-4500 BC Chr. |
| Botai culture | 3700-3100 BC Chr. |
| Yamnaya culture | 3600-2300 BC Chr. |
| Afanassjewo culture | 3500-2500 BC Chr. |
| Usatovo culture | 3300-3200 BC Chr. |
| Glaskovo culture | 3200-2400 BC Chr. |
| Bronze age | |
| Poltavka culture | 2700-2100 BC Chr. |
| Potapovka culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Catacomb tomb culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Abashevo culture | 2500-1800 BC Chr. |
| Sintashta culture | 2100-1800 BC Chr. |
| Okunew culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Samus culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Andronovo culture | 2000-1200 BC Chr. |
| Susgun culture | around 1700 BC Chr. |
| Srubna culture | 1600-1200 BC Chr. |
| Colchis culture | 1700-600 BC Chr. |
| Begasy Dandybai culture | around 1300 BC Chr. |
| Karassuk culture | around 1200 BC Chr. |
| Ust-mil culture | around 1200–500 BC Chr. |
| Koban culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Irmen culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Late corporate culture | around 1000 BC Chr. |
| Plate burial culture | around 1300–300 BC Chr. |
| Aldy Bel culture | 900-700 BC Chr. |
| Iron age | |
| Baitowo culture | |
| Tagar culture | 900-300 BC Chr. |
| Nosilowo group | 900-600 BC Chr. |
| Ananino culture | 800-300 BC Chr. |
| Tasmola culture | 700-300 BC Chr. |
| Gorokhovo culture | 600-200 BC Chr. |
| Sagly bashi culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Jessik Beschsatyr culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Pazyryk level | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Sargat culture | 500 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Kulaika culture | 400 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Tes level | 300 BC Chr. – 100 AD |
| Shurmak culture | 200 BC Chr. – 200 AD |
| Tashtyk culture | 100–600 AD |
| Chernyakhov culture | AD 200–500 |
The Tes stage was an Iron Age culture in the Minussinsk Basin in southern Siberia .
In the 3rd century BC it replaced the Tagar culture , with which there are essential similarities. In the Tes stage, in contrast to previous cultures, there are skeletons with European characteristics as well as those with East Asian bones. Because of the many researched grave sites, the material culture of the Tes stage is extremely well known. The pottery shows a rather small variety of forms, there are simple pots and bowls as well as spherical vessels and imitations of bronze vessels. Scoring, notches and plastic ornaments serve as decoration. Small birch bark jars are unique . In metalworking, new types of iron objects with connections to the Xiongnu finds from Transbaikalia became predominant, but older forms remained as miniature bronzes. The metal finds include daggers, arrowheads, knives, mirrors, belt buckles, belt plates and needles.
Little is known about the settlement system of the Tes level. Both fortified and unfortified settlements are known, but so far no large-scale investigations have been carried out. A mud brick building near Abakan , which was built in Chinese style shortly after the birth of Christ and in the interior of which finds from the Han dynasty was found, occupies a special position . It has not yet been clarified whether this is an extraordinarily remote Chinese outpost or the seat of a local prince built by a Chinese architect. We are much better informed than the settlement system about the burial customs of the Tes level. There are both single standing large Kurgane with stone rim and collective graves as well as necropolises with many stone boxes . The dead were mostly buried stretched out on their backs; a special feature of the burials was the trephination of the skull . The economy of the Tes level was based with great certainty on animal husbandry, arable farming cannot be clearly proven. In the 1st century AD, the Tes stage was replaced by the Tashtyk culture .
literature
- Hermann Parzinger : The early peoples of Eurasia. From the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Historical Library of the Gerda Henkel Foundation, Volume 1. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-406-54961-8 , (p. 750 ff., Fig. 240)
- MN Pschenitsyna : Tesinski etap. In: MG Moschkowa: Stepnaja polosa Asiatskoi tschasti SSSR w skifo-sarmatskoje wremja. Archeologija SSSR. Moscow 1992
Individual evidence
- ↑ The dates in the table are taken from the individual articles and do not always have to be reliable. Cultures in areas of other former Soviet republics were included.
- ^ Parzinger 2006
- ↑ See zh: 阿巴坎 遗址