Irmen culture
| Prehistoric cultures of Russia | |
| Mesolithic | |
| Kunda culture | 7400-6000 BC Chr. |
| Neolithic | |
| Bug Dniester culture | 6500-5000 BC Chr. |
| Dnepr-Don culture | 5000-4000 BC Chr. |
| Sredny Stog culture | 4500-3500 BC Chr. |
| Ekaterininka culture | 4300-3700 BC Chr. |
| Fatyanovo culture | around 2500 BC Chr. |
| Copper Age | |
| North Caspian culture | |
| Spa culture | 5000-3000 BC Chr. |
| Samara culture | around 5000 BC Chr. |
| Chwalynsk culture | 5000-4500 BC Chr. |
| Botai culture | 3700-3100 BC Chr. |
| Yamnaya culture | 3600-2300 BC Chr. |
| Afanassjewo culture | 3500-2500 BC Chr. |
| Usatovo culture | 3300-3200 BC Chr. |
| Glaskovo culture | 3200-2400 BC Chr. |
| Bronze age | |
| Poltavka culture | 2700-2100 BC Chr. |
| Potapovka culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Catacomb tomb culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Abashevo culture | 2500-1800 BC Chr. |
| Sintashta culture | 2100-1800 BC Chr. |
| Okunew culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Samus culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Andronovo culture | 2000-1200 BC Chr. |
| Susgun culture | around 1700 BC Chr. |
| Srubna culture | 1600-1200 BC Chr. |
| Colchis culture | 1700-600 BC Chr. |
| Begasy Dandybai culture | around 1300 BC Chr. |
| Karassuk culture | around 1200 BC Chr. |
| Ust-mil culture | around 1200–500 BC Chr. |
| Koban culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Irmen culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Late corporate culture | around 1000 BC Chr. |
| Plate burial culture | around 1300–300 BC Chr. |
| Aldy Bel culture | 900-700 BC Chr. |
| Iron age | |
| Baitowo culture | |
| Tagar culture | 900-300 BC Chr. |
| Nosilowo group | 900-600 BC Chr. |
| Ananino culture | 800-300 BC Chr. |
| Tasmola culture | 700-300 BC Chr. |
| Gorokhovo culture | 600-200 BC Chr. |
| Sagly bashi culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Jessik Beschsatyr culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Pazyryk level | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Sargat culture | 500 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Kulaika culture | 400 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Tes level | 300 BC Chr. – 100 AD |
| Shurmak culture | 200 BC Chr. – 200 AD |
| Tashtyk culture | 100–600 AD |
| Chernyakhov culture | AD 200–500 |
The Irmen culture was widespread in the Siberian forest steppes between Irtysh and Ob in the late Bronze Age . A closely related group can also be found on the northern edge of the Altai . The Irmen culture followed a local expression of the Andronowo culture , from which it stands out mainly through the bronze industry influenced by the Karassuk culture .
In ceramics , S-shaped pots with a curved edge, round-bellied vessels with a narrow neck and clearly separated cylinder and funnel edge, and bowl-like pots with a funnel edge, rounded walls and a round or flat base can be found in the ceramics . They are decorated, especially in the upper half, with notched ridges, humps, horizontal grooves and hatched triangles and zigzag bands, which shows clear connections to the Andronowo culture. On the other hand, comb and dimple ceramics point to northern influences.
The small finds consist largely of bronze objects, such as rings, tutuli , earrings or hair pendants, knives and lance tips; Bone was used to make arrowheads.
The settlements of the Irmen culture, often laid out on river terraces and partly fortified with ditches, have been relatively well researched. The buildings are rectangular or round to oval pit houses , often with a protruding entrance area and a hearth in the middle or in a corner.
Cattle breeding played a central role in the economy of the Irmen culture, among the animal bones found are mainly cattle bones, then bones of sheep and goats; horse breeding was still of rather marginal importance. The proportion of wild animal bones is very low; the hunt was accordingly no longer important. Agriculture is suggested by appropriate equipment, but has not yet been definitively proven.
The dead of the Irmen culture were buried unburned under lower Kurgan ; a Kurgan took up to twelve coarser. Most of them are right-hand stool burials with the head pointing south. The skeletons were partly in stone boxes or wooden structures. The additions consist of clay pots and bronze jewelry; they do not reveal any social differences.
literature
- Вячеслав И. Молодин: Бараба в эпоху бронзы. Наука, Новосибирск 1985.
- Hermann Parzinger : The early peoples of Eurasia. From the Neolithic to the Middle Ages (= Historical Library of the Gerda Henkel Foundation. ). Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54961-6 , p. 456 ff.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The dates in the table are taken from the individual articles and do not always have to be reliable. Cultures in areas of other former Soviet republics were included.