Okunew culture
| Prehistoric cultures of Russia | |
| Mesolithic | |
| Kunda culture | 7400-6000 BC Chr. |
| Neolithic | |
| Bug Dniester culture | 6500-5000 BC Chr. |
| Dnepr-Don culture | 5000-4000 BC Chr. |
| Sredny Stog culture | 4500-3500 BC Chr. |
| Ekaterininka culture | 4300-3700 BC Chr. |
| Fatyanovo culture | around 2500 BC Chr. |
| Copper Age | |
| North Caspian culture | |
| Spa culture | 5000-3000 BC Chr. |
| Samara culture | around 5000 BC Chr. |
| Chwalynsk culture | 5000-4500 BC Chr. |
| Botai culture | 3700-3100 BC Chr. |
| Yamnaya culture | 3600-2300 BC Chr. |
| Afanassjewo culture | 3500-2500 BC Chr. |
| Usatovo culture | 3300-3200 BC Chr. |
| Glaskovo culture | 3200-2400 BC Chr. |
| Bronze age | |
| Poltavka culture | 2700-2100 BC Chr. |
| Potapovka culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Catacomb tomb culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Abashevo culture | 2500-1800 BC Chr. |
| Sintashta culture | 2100-1800 BC Chr. |
| Okunew culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Samus culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Andronovo culture | 2000-1200 BC Chr. |
| Susgun culture | around 1700 BC Chr. |
| Srubna culture | 1600-1200 BC Chr. |
| Colchis culture | 1700-600 BC Chr. |
| Begasy Dandybai culture | around 1300 BC Chr. |
| Karassuk culture | around 1200 BC Chr. |
| Ust-mil culture | around 1200–500 BC Chr. |
| Koban culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Irmen culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Late corporate culture | around 1000 BC Chr. |
| Plate burial culture | around 1300–300 BC Chr. |
| Aldy Bel culture | 900-700 BC Chr. |
| Iron age | |
| Baitowo culture | |
| Tagar culture | 900-300 BC Chr. |
| Nosilowo group | 900-600 BC Chr. |
| Ananino culture | 800-300 BC Chr. |
| Tasmola culture | 700-300 BC Chr. |
| Gorokhovo culture | 600-200 BC Chr. |
| Sagly bashi culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Jessik Beschsatyr culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Pazyryk level | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Sargat culture | 500 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Kulaika culture | 400 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Tes level | 300 BC Chr. – 100 AD |
| Shurmak culture | 200 BC Chr. – 200 AD |
| Tashtyk culture | 100–600 AD |
| Chernyakhov culture | AD 200–500 |
The Okunev culture is an archaeological culture from the early Bronze Age around 2000 BC. It was widespread in the middle and upper Yenisei in southern Siberia and followed the Afanasjewo culture . In the material culture, there are clear references to the Samus culture to the northwest . The pottery of the Okunew culture usually has a vertical wall and a flat bottom. A special group are smaller vessels with a conical hollow base, which are interpreted as incense burners. The decoration is not very varied and consists of incisions, punctures, notches and stamp impressions, which are more or less evenly distributed over the entire surface of the vessel. Only occasionally do they find themselves arranged in lines or waves.
The state of research is very poor with regard to the settlement system of the Okunev culture, so far no statements about the architecture are possible. The only known remains of buildings come from a fortified hilltop settlement in Khakassia , which is called Tschebaki , whose function, however, has not yet been clarified. Bone finds show that hunting for mammals, birds and fish still played an important role, while livestock was only of minor importance.
The main finds of the Okunev culture come from a few small necropolises . The grave complexes consist of square stone enclosures in which there are several, possibly more than a dozen grave pits. One or more people were buried in them and then covered with stone slabs. As in other early Bronze Age cultures in Siberia, the dead lay in a supine position. The gifts differ according to gender, but do not reveal any social differences. Ornate stone steles depicting faces, animals and various symbols were placed near the graves. Similar motifs can also be found on small sculptures and in the art of the Samus culture.
literature
- Hermann Parzinger : The early peoples of Eurasia. From the Neolithic to the Middle Ages (= Historical Library of the Gerda Henkel Foundation. ). Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54961-6 , p. 300 ff.
- Владимир А. Семенов: Неолит и бронзовый век Тувы. ЛНИАО, Санкт-Петербург 1992.
- Эльга Б. Вадецкая: Археологические памятники в степях среднего Енисея. Наука, Ленинград 1986.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The dates in the table are taken from the individual articles and do not always have to be reliable. Cultures in areas of other former Soviet republics were included.