Tasmola culture

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prehistoric cultures of Russia
Mesolithic
Kunda culture 7400-6000 BC Chr.
Neolithic
Bug Dniester culture 6500-5000 BC Chr.
Dnepr-Don culture 5000-4000 BC Chr.
Sredny Stog culture 4500-3500 BC Chr.
Ekaterininka culture 4300-3700 BC Chr.
Fatyanovo culture around 2500 BC Chr.
Copper Age
North Caspian culture
Spa culture 5000-3000 BC Chr.
Samara culture around 5000 BC Chr.
Chwalynsk culture 5000-4500 BC Chr.
Botai culture 3700-3100 BC Chr.
Yamnaya culture 3600-2300 BC Chr.
Afanassjewo culture 3500-2500 BC Chr.
Usatovo culture 3300-3200 BC Chr.
Glaskovo culture 3200-2400 BC Chr.
Bronze age
Poltavka culture 2700-2100 BC Chr.
Potapovka culture 2500-2000 BC Chr.
Catacomb tomb culture 2500-2000 BC Chr.
Abashevo culture 2500-1800 BC Chr.
Sintashta culture 2100-1800 BC Chr.
Okunew culture around 2000 BC Chr.
Samus culture around 2000 BC Chr.
Andronovo culture 2000-1200 BC Chr.
Susgun culture around 1700 BC Chr.
Srubna culture 1600-1200 BC Chr.
Colchis culture 1700-600 BC Chr.
Begasy Dandybai culture around 1300 BC Chr.
Karassuk culture around 1200 BC Chr.
Ust-mil culture around 1200–500 BC Chr.
Koban culture 1200-400 BC Chr.
Irmen culture 1200-400 BC Chr.
Late corporate culture around 1000 BC Chr.
Plate burial culture around 1300–300 BC Chr.
Aldy Bel culture 900-700 BC Chr.
Iron age
Baitowo culture
Tagar culture 900-300 BC Chr.
Nosilowo group 900-600 BC Chr.
Ananino culture 800-300 BC Chr.
Tasmola culture 700-300 BC Chr.
Gorokhovo culture 600-200 BC Chr.
Sagly bashi culture 500-300 BC Chr.
Jessik Beschsatyr culture 500-300 BC Chr.
Pazyryk level 500-300 BC Chr.
Sargat culture 500 BC Chr. – 400 AD
Kulaika culture 400 BC Chr. – 400 AD
Tes level 300 BC Chr. – 100 AD
Shurmak culture 200 BC Chr. – 200 AD
Tashtyk culture 100–600 AD
Chernyakhov culture AD 200–500

The Tasmola culture ( Russian Тасмолинская культура ) was around from the 7th to 3rd century BC. Widespread in the area of ​​today's Kazakhstan . The find area extends between the rivers Syr-Darya , Ishim and Irtysh and the Seven Rivers , the greatest density of finds is to be found south of Karagandy . The carriers of the Tasmola culture, who were equestrian nomads , are possibly identical to the massagers mentioned in ancient sources . The transition from the previous culture , the Begasy-Dandybai culture , is still unclear.

The ceramics are relatively uniform: there are mainly pots with a wide flat base, steeply rising walls, short shoulders and curved edges. The metal finds already consist largely of iron, with bronze products also playing an important role. Certain types of arrowheads, eyelet mirrors, belt jewelry components and ornamented belt ornaments are typical, later also Akinakai . The metal goods show in particular the Scythian animal style , with connections to the late phase of the Aldy-Bel culture in Tuva .

All the finds of the Tasmola culture come from necropolises , which consisted of several flat, smaller Kurganen piled up from stone and earth . The dead were usually buried in simple grave pits, some of which were reinforced with stones, in the middle of a mound; they were lying on their backs stretched out with their heads pointing north or northwest. Horse skulls were also found in more richly furnished graves. Rows of stones in the area around the Kurgan are probably characteristic of the cult of the dead .

As with all riding nomads of the Eurasian steppe, the economy was based on cattle breeding, due to the rich mineral resources, metallurgy was probably also practiced .

literature

  • Hermann Parzinger : The early peoples of Eurasia. From the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Historical Library of the Gerda Henkel Foundation, Volume 1. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-406-54961-8 , (p. 649 ff .; Fig. 212; 213)
  • OA Vishnevskaya: Central Kazakhstan. In: MG Moschkowa: Stepnaja polosa Asiatskoi tschasti SSSR w skifo-sarmatskoje wremja. Archeologija SSSR.
  • MK Kadyrbaev: Pamjatniki tasmolinskoj Kultury. In: A. Ch. Margulana (ed.): Drevnjaja kultura Centralnogo Kazachstana. Alma-Ata 1966.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The dates in the table are taken from the individual articles and do not always have to be reliable. Cultures in areas of other former Soviet republics were included.