Koban culture
| Prehistoric cultures of Russia | |
| Mesolithic | |
| Kunda culture | 7400-6000 BC Chr. |
| Neolithic | |
| Bug Dniester culture | 6500-5000 BC Chr. |
| Dnepr-Don culture | 5000-4000 BC Chr. |
| Sredny Stog culture | 4500-3500 BC Chr. |
| Ekaterininka culture | 4300-3700 BC Chr. |
| Fatyanovo culture | around 2500 BC Chr. |
| Copper Age | |
| North Caspian culture | |
| Spa culture | 5000-3000 BC Chr. |
| Samara culture | around 5000 BC Chr. |
| Chwalynsk culture | 5000-4500 BC Chr. |
| Botai culture | 3700-3100 BC Chr. |
| Yamnaya culture | 3600-2300 BC Chr. |
| Afanassjewo culture | 3500-2500 BC Chr. |
| Usatovo culture | 3300-3200 BC Chr. |
| Glaskovo culture | 3200-2400 BC Chr. |
| Bronze age | |
| Poltavka culture | 2700-2100 BC Chr. |
| Potapovka culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Catacomb tomb culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Abashevo culture | 2500-1800 BC Chr. |
| Sintashta culture | 2100-1800 BC Chr. |
| Okunew culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Samus culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Andronovo culture | 2000-1200 BC Chr. |
| Susgun culture | around 1700 BC Chr. |
| Srubna culture | 1600-1200 BC Chr. |
| Colchis culture | 1700-600 BC Chr. |
| Begasy Dandybai culture | around 1300 BC Chr. |
| Karassuk culture | around 1200 BC Chr. |
| Ust-mil culture | around 1200–500 BC Chr. |
| Koban culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Irmen culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Late corporate culture | around 1000 BC Chr. |
| Plate burial culture | around 1300–300 BC Chr. |
| Aldy Bel culture | 900-700 BC Chr. |
| Iron age | |
| Baitowo culture | |
| Tagar culture | 900-300 BC Chr. |
| Nosilowo group | 900-600 BC Chr. |
| Ananino culture | 800-300 BC Chr. |
| Tasmola culture | 700-300 BC Chr. |
| Gorokhovo culture | 600-200 BC Chr. |
| Sagly bashi culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Jessik Beschsatyr culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Pazyryk level | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Sargat culture | 500 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Kulaika culture | 400 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Tes level | 300 BC Chr. – 100 AD |
| Shurmak culture | 200 BC Chr. – 200 AD |
| Tashtyk culture | 100–600 AD |
| Chernyakhov culture | AD 200–500 |
The Koban culture is a Late Bronze Age and Iron Age culture in the north of the Caucasus . It was after 1869 in the village Verchni Koban in North Ossetia named discovered burial ground, included the approximately 600 burials. The rich bronze jewelry attracted particular attention. The Koban culture can be found in Ingushetia , Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Chechnya . Finds from the foothills, from Colchis and Abkhazia were also included under the collective term Koban-Colchis Culture .
Demarcation
Not to be confused with earlier cultures along the Kuban River and in the Colchis . These are the Novotitarovskaja culture and the Maikop culture .
chronology
| phase | Dating | distribution |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12-11 Century BC Chr. | North Ossetia, Checheno-Ingushia, Kabardino-Balkaria |
| 2 | 9.-7. Century BC Chr. | entire Middle Caucasus |
| 3 | 7–4 Century BC Chr. | North Caucasus |
Settlements
Settlements were mostly on hills. They were carefully laid out, with a rectangular network of cobbled streets. The rather large houses were rectangular, with wickerwork walls covered with clay on a stone base . The residential part of the houses had a rammed earth floor and several hearths. There were also workshops in some of the houses. Sometimes there were stables in the houses.
Burials
In addition to shallow graves and burials in burial mounds , shaft graves paved with stones are also known. Most of them are individual burials. Most of the graves contain rich offerings, vessels, weapons, jewelry and horse harness. Horse burials are also known. From the 7th century BC BC the Koban tombs also contain objects that are Scythian influenced. Also Urartian imports are occasionally.
Material culture
The pottery is handmade, mostly black and often carefully polished. An ornament usually consisted of geometric patterns, but figurative representations are also known. In addition to vessels, animal figures and spindle whorls are also known. Ornate axes with sweeping semicircular edges and belt plates with figurative representations and bronze belt buckles with spiral patterns are also typical . The weapons include daggers with a mushroom-shaped or openwork handle.
Important sites
- Koban, North Ossetia, burial ground
- Rekom, North Ossetia, sanctuary
- Serchen-Yurt, Checheno-Ingushia, fortified settlement
- Tli, burial ground
literature
- Franz Hančar: Prehistory of the Caucasus from the beginning of its settlement to the time of its early metallurgy (= books on prehistory and early history. Vol. 6, ZDB -ID 1138028-7 ). Schroll et al., Vienna et al. 1937.
- Wladimir Iwanowitsch Markowin, Rauf Magomedowitsch Muntschajew: Art and culture in the North Caucasus. Seemann, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-363-00361-7 .
- Rudolf Virchow : The cemetery of Koban in the country of the Ossetians, Caucasus. A comparative archaeological study. Asher, Berlin 1883.
Web links
- DAI report
- Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kuznetsov: Glorious old Koban . from: Traveling in the old Iriston. (= Ossetia) , Moscow 1974 (Russian). (The artifacts that are often exhibited in the Hermitage today were discovered in 1869 when the shaft graves collapsed due to flooding, see first picture.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The dates in the table are taken from the individual articles and do not always have to be reliable. Cultures in areas of other former Soviet republics were included.