Begasy Dandybai culture
| Prehistoric cultures of Russia | |
| Mesolithic | |
| Kunda culture | 7400-6000 BC Chr. |
| Neolithic | |
| Bug Dniester culture | 6500-5000 BC Chr. |
| Dnepr-Don culture | 5000-4000 BC Chr. |
| Sredny Stog culture | 4500-3500 BC Chr. |
| Ekaterininka culture | 4300-3700 BC Chr. |
| Fatyanovo culture | around 2500 BC Chr. |
| Copper Age | |
| North Caspian culture | |
| Spa culture | 5000-3000 BC Chr. |
| Samara culture | around 5000 BC Chr. |
| Chwalynsk culture | 5000-4500 BC Chr. |
| Botai culture | 3700-3100 BC Chr. |
| Yamnaya culture | 3600-2300 BC Chr. |
| Afanassjewo culture | 3500-2500 BC Chr. |
| Usatovo culture | 3300-3200 BC Chr. |
| Glaskovo culture | 3200-2400 BC Chr. |
| Bronze age | |
| Poltavka culture | 2700-2100 BC Chr. |
| Potapovka culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Catacomb tomb culture | 2500-2000 BC Chr. |
| Abashevo culture | 2500-1800 BC Chr. |
| Sintashta culture | 2100-1800 BC Chr. |
| Okunew culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Samus culture | around 2000 BC Chr. |
| Andronovo culture | 2000-1200 BC Chr. |
| Susgun culture | around 1700 BC Chr. |
| Srubna culture | 1600-1200 BC Chr. |
| Colchis culture | 1700-600 BC Chr. |
| Begasy Dandybai culture | around 1300 BC Chr. |
| Karassuk culture | around 1200 BC Chr. |
| Ust-mil culture | around 1200–500 BC Chr. |
| Koban culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Irmen culture | 1200-400 BC Chr. |
| Late corporate culture | around 1000 BC Chr. |
| Plate burial culture | around 1300–300 BC Chr. |
| Aldy Bel culture | 900-700 BC Chr. |
| Iron age | |
| Baitowo culture | |
| Tagar culture | 900-300 BC Chr. |
| Nosilowo group | 900-600 BC Chr. |
| Ananino culture | 800-300 BC Chr. |
| Tasmola culture | 700-300 BC Chr. |
| Gorokhovo culture | 600-200 BC Chr. |
| Sagly bashi culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Jessik Beschsatyr culture | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Pazyryk level | 500-300 BC Chr. |
| Sargat culture | 500 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Kulaika culture | 400 BC Chr. – 400 AD |
| Tes level | 300 BC Chr. – 100 AD |
| Shurmak culture | 200 BC Chr. – 200 AD |
| Tashtyk culture | 100–600 AD |
| Chernyakhov culture | AD 200–500 |
The Begasy-Dandybai culture was in the late Bronze Age , in the second half of the 2nd millennium BC. Widespread in the steppes and semi-deserts of central Kazakhstan . It was preceded by a local expression of the Andronowo culture .
Their ceramics clearly stand out from the goods of the previous epoch: there are especially pots with an S-shaped profile and bottle-like vessels. The ceramics were adorned with bulges , clover-leaf motifs and - here a tradition from the Andronowo culture - hatched geometric patterns.
Despite the very arid climate, the bearers of the Begasy-Dandybai culture were still settled like their predecessors; accordingly, some settlement areas are known. They were often located on river terraces and in rare cases comprised several dozen mostly one-room houses. These had a rectangular floor plan and measured an average of 6 × 15 m and were partly at ground level, partly recessed. Its walls consisted of a post construction that could be reinforced with vertical stone slabs.
Animal bone finds show that the keeping of cattle, sheep, goats, camels and horses dominated the economy of the Begasy-Dandybai culture; however, hunting was of secondary importance. Agriculture cannot be clearly proven, but some dams could have served to irrigate fields. There is also evidence of copper mining and bronze metallurgy.
The dead were buried in rectangular grave pits, some in stone boxes, and in a stool position. The grave was then surrounded by a rectangular stone enclosure; a kurgan-like hill was partially raised . In some necropolises there are also mausoleums-like stone buildings with wooden structures; the relatively rich grave goods show that members of an upper class were buried here. Accordingly, beginnings of a social hierarchy had developed in the Begasy-Dandybai culture, which is a clear difference to the Andronowo culture.
The Begasy-Dandybai culture was possibly followed at a certain time by the Tasmola culture , the bearers of which were no longer sedentary but rather nomads on horseback .
literature
- Алькей Х. Маргулан: Бегазы-дандыбаевская культура Центрального Казахстана. Наука, Алма-Ата 1979.
- Hermann Parzinger : The early peoples of Eurasia. From the Neolithic to the Middle Ages (= Historical Library of the Gerda Henkel Foundation. ). Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54961-6 , p. 489 ff.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The dates in the table are taken from the individual articles and do not always have to be reliable. Cultures in areas of other former Soviet republics were included.