37th century BC Chr.

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The 37th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 3700th And ended on December 31, 3601 BC. This corresponds to the period 5650 to 5551 before today or the interval 4936 to 4811 radiocarbon years .

Age / Epoch

• Subboreal (from 3710 to 450 BC).
• Early Neolithic in Central Europe (4400 to 3500 BC).

Events / developments

Lost-wax bronze scepter from Nachal Mischmar, Israel

• The discovery of mass graves (dated to the period 3800 to 3600 BC) at Tell Majnuna (immediately north of Tell Brak ) in Syria indicates armed conflicts .
• 3700/3500 BC Chr .: Treasure find from Nachal Mischmar in Israel , first use of the lost wax technique .
• 3700 to 3600 BC Chr .: Hundred years of drought in the Aegean region .
• Around 3650 BC Chr .: end of the African period of humidity . Rapid decline in the lake level of Lake Chad .

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site

Cultures in Egypt

• The Naqada culture continued to exist in Upper Egypt (Naqada I - 4500 to 3500 BC)
• In Lower Egypt , however, the Maadi culture flourished (4000 to 3500 BC)

Bowl from Naqada I, 3700 BC. Chr.

Ithyphallic sculpture of the Naqada culture

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• In Mesopotamia ( Sumer ) they ruled
  • Obed culture (5500 to about 3500 BC) - Obed IV and the
  • Uruk period (Middle Uruk period - 3800 to 3400 BC - Uruk 18-15 or Uruk VIII to Uruk VI or LC 3)
• Ghassulia culture (4500 to 3500 BC) in Israel
• Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC) in Iran
• Individual sites:
  • Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3 or Gaura A.
  • Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
  • Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq E.
  • Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC) in Syria - TW 18-19
  • Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 15
  • Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 8-6
  • Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Gaura 13-12
  • Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC) in Syria
  • Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC) in Syria
  • Arslantepe in Turkey - Period VIII with Temple C (3900 to 3500 BC)
  • Tepe Yahya in Iran - Period V of the Yahya culture (3800 to 3400 BC)
  • Susa in Iran (from 4000 BC) - Susa II
  • Tell Hammam et Turkman in Syria - vb

Cultures in East Asia

• China
  • Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
  • Hongshan Culture (4700-2900 BC), Northeast China
  • Daxi culture (4400 to 3300 BC), middle Yangtze River
  • Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea
  • Beiyinyangying culture (4000 to 3000 BC), Lower Yangtze River
  • Songze culture (3900-3200 BC), Lower Yangtze River
• Korea :
  • Early Jeulmun period (6000 to 3500 BC)
• Japan :
  • Early Jōmon period (Jōmon III - 4000 to 3000/2500 BC) with the first larger settlements
• Vietnam :
  • Đa Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)

Cultures in South Asia

• Indus Valley :
  • Amri culture (4th and 3rd millennium BC)
• Balochistan :
  • Mehrgarh - Period III (4800 to 3500 BC)
  • Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)

Cultures in North Asia

• Botai culture (3700 to 3100 BC) in Kazakhstan . First domestication of the wild horse

Cultures in Europe

• Northern Europe :
  • Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States
• Northeast Europe :
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC) in Poland , Lithuania and Belarus
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
  • Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
• Eastern Europe :
  • Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine: including the Sredny Stog culture (4500 to 3500 BC) north of the Sea of Azov
• Southeast Europe :

Finds of the Cucuteni culture from Moldova, Tripolje B2 / C1, 3650 BC Chr.

• • Danube civilization (5000 to 3500 BC)
  • Cucuteni culture (4800 to 3200 BC) in Romania , Moldova and the Ukraine: Cucuteni, phase B or Tripolje, phase B2 / C1 (4000 to 3500 BC)
  • Boian culture in Romania and Bulgaria (4300 to 3500 BC) - Phase IV - Spanţov phase - 4000 to 3500 BC Chr.
  • Cernavodă culture (4000 to 3200 BC) in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine
  • Crete - Early Minoan pre-palace period according to Warren and Hankey (1989) - FM I (3650/3500 to 3000 BC). According to Manning (1995), however, the beginning of FM I is much later, namely at 3100/3000 BC. Chr .; in the low and high dating it occurs at 3300 BC. Chr.
• Central Europe ( Early Neolithic - 4400 to 3500 BC):

Tulip cups of the Michelsberg culture, 4000–3600 BC Chr.

• • Michelsberg culture (4400 to 3500 BC) in France and in southwest Germany .
  • Rössen culture (4300 to 3500 BC) in East Germany with
  • Funnel Beaker Culture (Northern Central Europe) - 4200 to 2800 BC Chr.
    • Satrup stage - 3700 to 3500 BC Chr.
    • Baalberg culture (3800 to 3400 BC) - TRB-MES II (3800 to 3500 BC)
  • Altheimer Group - Bavaria - 3800 to 3400/3300 BC Chr.
  • Mondsee culture - Salzkammergut - 3770 to 3200 BC Chr.
  • Pfyner culture - Switzerland - 3900 to 3500 BC Chr.
• Western Europe :
  • Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC), in France, Switzerland and Italy with
    • Chasséen (4300 to 3500 BC) in France
    • Lagozza culture (3900 to 3400 BC) in northern Italy
  • Megalithic cultures :
    • France (4700 to 2000 BC)
    • Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC) - Spain and Portugal
    • Sardinia : Ozieri culture (4000 to 3200 BC)
    • Malta : from 3800 BC Beginning of the temple phase of the megalithic temples of Malta ( Mġarr phase - 3800 to 3600 BC)

Cultures in america

• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.
  • Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán ( Mexico )
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador

Individual evidence

1. ↑ McMahon, A. et al. a .: Late chalcolithic mass graves at Tell Brak, Syria, and violent conflict during the growth of early city-states . In: Journal of Field Archeology . tape 36 , 2011, p. 201-220 .
2. ↑ Kotthoff, U. u. a .: Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation dynamics in the Aegean region: an integrated view based on pollen data from marine and terrestrial archives . In: The Holocene . tape 18, 7 , 2008, pp. 1019-1032 .
3. ↑ de Menocal, PB and a .: Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing . In: Quaternary Science Reviews . tape 19 , 2000, pp. 347-61 .
4. ^ Warren, P. and Hankey, V .: Aegean Bronze Age Chronology . Bristol Classical Press, Bristol 1989, ISBN 0-906515-67-X .
5. ^ Manning, S .: The Absolute Chronology of the Aegean Early Bronze Age . In: Archeology, Radiocarbon and History . Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield 1995.
6. ↑ Gabriele Walter: HB Bild.254 Malta. HB Bildatlas, ISBN 3-616-06159-8 , p. 111

Web links

Commons : 37th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files