34th century BC Chr.

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Ötzi monument on the Tisenjoch

The 34th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 3400th And ended on December 31, 3301 BC. This corresponds to the period 5350 to 5251 before today or the interval 4605 to 4545 radiocarbon years .

Age / Epoch

Subboreal (from 3710 to 450 BC).
Late Neolithic (3500 to 2800 BC) in Central Europe .

Inventions and discoveries

around 3400 BC Pictographical predecessors of the proto-cuneiform script , i.e. simple pictorial representations for administration, appear in Mesopotamia. Developed into cuneiform script

Personalities

According to the calculations of James Legge , Fu Xi was named 3322 BC. Born in BC.
According to calculations, Ötzi , the later glacier mummy, lived around 3340 BC. Chr.

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site
Nubia :
- A group (3800-3100 BC)

Egypt :
- Naqada II period (3500 to 3200 BC) in Egypt with the cultural agglomeration in Hierakonpolis

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC) in Iran
Around 3400 BC The late Uruk period (3400 to 3000 BC) begins in Mesopotamia ( Sumer ), when the urban way of life first emerged. The city of Uruk was the leading city at that time
Individual sites:
- Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3 or Gaura A.
- Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
- Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq F.
- Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC) in Syria - TW 18-19
- Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 15
- Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 8-6
- Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Gaura 11-10
- Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC) in Syria
- Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC) in Syria
- Arslantepe in Turkey - Period VII
- Tepe Yahya in Iran - Proto-Elamite Period IV C (3400 to 3000 BC)
- Susa in Iran (from 4000 BC) - Susa II
- Tell Hammam et Turkman in Syria - vb

Cultures in East Asia

China :
- Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
- Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China: Miaodigou phase - (around 4000 to 3000 BC)
- Hongshan Culture (4700-2900 BC), Northeast China
- The Daxi culture (4400 to 3300 BC) on the middle Yangtze River ends at the end of the century
- Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea
- Beiyinyangying culture (4000 to 3000 BC), Lower Yangtze River
- Songze culture (3900-3200 BC), Lower Yangtze River
- Miaozigou culture (3500 to 3000 BC)
- Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
- Onset of the Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
Vietnam :
- Đa Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
Korea :
- Middle Jeulmun Period (3500 to 2000 BC)
Japan :
- Early Jōmon period (Jōmon III - 4000 to 3000/2500 BC) with the first larger settlements

Cultures in South Asia

Indus Valley :
- Amri culture (4th and 3rd millennium BC)
- Indus culture :
  - Kalibangan I (3500 to 2800 BC)
  - Kot Diji (3400 to 2650 BC)
Balochistan :
- Mehrgarh :
  - Period IV (3500 to 3250/3200 BC)
- Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)

Cultures in North Asia

Siberia :
- Afanassjewo culture in southern Siberia (3500 to 2500 BC)
Kazakhstan :
- Botai culture (3700-3100 BC)

Cultures in Europe

Northern Europe :

Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States

Northeast Europe :

Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC) in Poland , Lithuania and Belarus
Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania

Eastern Europe :

Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) in Kazakhstan and in Eastern Europe ( Russia , Ukraine ):
Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus

Southeast Europe :

Cucuteni culture (4800 to 3200 BC) in Romania , Moldova and Ukraine - Tripolje phase C2 (3500 to 3200 BC)

Cernavodă culture (4000 to 3200 BC) in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine

Coţofeni culture (3500 to 2500 BC) in Romania

Crete - Early Minoan pre- palace period according to Warren and Hankey (1989) - FM I (3650/3500 to 3000 BC) According to Manning (1995), however, the beginning of FM I is much later, namely at 3100/3000 BC. Chr .; in the low and high dating it occurs as early as 3300 BC. Chr.

Central Europe :

Funnel Beaker Culture (Northern Central Europe) - 4200 to 2800 BC Chr.
The Altheimer Group in Bavaria (3800 to 3400/3300 BC) comes to an end
Cham culture - Bavaria, Czech Republic , Austria - 3500 to 2700 BC Chr.
Around 3373 BC End of the earliest boleraz of Baden culture - Central Danube region
Mondsee culture - Salzkammergut - 3770 to 3200 BC Chr.
Wartberg culture in northern Hesse - 3500 to 2800 BC Chr.
Establishment of the Salzmünder culture (3400 to 3000 BC) in Germany , the
Remedello culture (3400 to 2400 BC) in northern Italy and the
Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands

Western Europe :

Culture of the Unstan Ware (3600/3500 to 3200 BC) in Scotland
Beginning of the Peterborough Ware (3400 to 2500 BC) in Great Britain and the
Grooved Ware in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) in France, Switzerland and Italy
Megalithic cultures :
- France (4700 to 2000 BC)
- Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC) - Spain and Portugal
- Sardinia : Ozieri culture (4000 to 3200 BC)
- Malta : Ġgantija phase of the temple period (3600 to 3300/3000 BC)

Cultures in america

North and Central America :
- Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.
- Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán ( Mexico )
South America :
- Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
- Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador

Individual evidence

↑ Ludwig David Morenz : picture letters and symbolic signs. The development of writing in the high culture of ancient Egypt (= Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 205). Academic Press u. a., Friborg u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-7278-1486-1 , pp. 250ff; Hartmut Heller: Cultural ethology between analysis and prognosis. LIT Verlag Münster, 2008, ISBN 3-7000-0892-9 , p. 111
↑ Harald Haarmann : History of writing. CH Beck, 2002, ISBN 3-406-47998-7 , p. 30
↑ Gebhard J. Selz : Sumerians and Akkadians: History, Society, Culture. CH Beck, 2005, ISBN 3-406-50874-X , p. 31
^ Warren, P. and Hankey, V .: Aegean Bronze Age Chronology . Bristol Classical Press, Bristol 1989, ISBN 0-906515-67-X .
^ Manning, S .: The Absolute Chronology of the Aegean Early Bronze Age . In: Archeology, Radiocarbon and History . Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield 1995.

Web links

Commons : 34th century BC Chr. - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Ludwig David Morenz : picture letters and symbolic signs. The development of writing in the high culture of ancient Egypt (= Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 205). Academic Press u. a., Friborg u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-7278-1486-1 , pp. 250ff; Hartmut Heller: Cultural ethology between analysis and prognosis. LIT Verlag Münster, 2008, ISBN 3-7000-0892-9 , p. 111

[2] Harald Haarmann : History of writing. CH Beck, 2002, ISBN 3-406-47998-7 , p. 30

[3] Gebhard J. Selz : Sumerians and Akkadians: History, Society, Culture. CH Beck, 2005, ISBN 3-406-50874-X , p. 31

[4] Warren, P. and Hankey, V .: Aegean Bronze Age Chronology . Bristol Classical Press, Bristol 1989, ISBN 0-906515-67-X .

[5] Manning, S .: The Absolute Chronology of the Aegean Early Bronze Age . In: Archeology, Radiocarbon and History . Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield 1995.