33rd century BC Chr.

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The 33rd century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 3300th And ended on December 31, 3201 BC. This corresponds to the period 5249 to 5149 before today or the interval 4545 to 4466 radiocarbon years .

Age / Epoch

• Subboreal (3710-450 BC).
• Around 3300 BC The late Neolithic of the Neolithic or the Copper Stone Age begins in Central Europe .
• Around 3300 BC Beginning of the Bronze Age in Palestine and generally in the area of ​​the Fertile Crescent .

Events

Sandy desert in the Sahara

• Around 3250 BC A drastic climate change occurs , which is attributed to a reduction in solar activity .
  • The Sahara was transformed from a habitable savannah region into a pure desert area .
  • Annual rings on trees in Ireland and England confirm extremely dry growing conditions.
  • The methane levels of the ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica are at their lowest levels.
• Construction of the Newgrange Solar Observatory in Ireland between 3300 and 2900 BC. Chr.
• The red temple of the Monte d'Accoddi altar mountain in northwestern Sardinia is dated around 3300 BC. Built in BC.
• Creation of in Sanskrit written Rigveda , according to Indian tradition .

Inventions

• Earliest beginnings of the Indus script in Harappa around 3300 BC Chr.
• Pictograms in Uruk from 3300 BC BC and beginning of cuneiform writing .
• The potter's wheel is made around 3250 BC. Used for the first time in the ancient Orient .
• From 3200 BC Chr. Occurrence of cylinder seals in the Uruk IV layer.

people

• Around 3250 BC BC: Beginning of the 0th dynasty in Egypt with legendary rulers such as Pen-abu , Pe-Hor , Scorpio I and Hedju-Hor .
• Krishna , avatar and incarnation of Vishnu , is supposed to be on 19./21. July 3228 BC To be born in BC.

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Capsia (9000 to 3000 BC) in Algeria , and in Tunisia
• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site
• Nubia :
  • A group (3800-3100 BC)
  • Around 3200 BC An organized society emerges, but this continues until 2600 BC. Remains a vassal of Upper Egypt
• Egypt :
  • The Naqada II period (3500 to 3200 BC - phases a1 and a2) with the cultural agglomeration in Hierakonpolis is coming to an end

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Late Uruk period (3400 to 3000 BC) in Mesopotamia ( Sumer ), during which an urban way of life first developed . Uruk was the leading city in Sumer at that time. Temple building in Eanna District
• Individual sites:
  • Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3 or Gaura A.
  • Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
  • Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq F.
  • Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC) in Syria - TW 18-19
  • Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 15
  • Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 8-6
  • Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Gaura 11-10
  • Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC) in Syria
  • Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC) in Syria
  • Arslantepe in Turkey - Period VII
  • Tepe Yahya in Iran - Proto-Elamite Period IV C (3400 to 3000 BC)
  • Susa in Iran (from 4000 BC) - Susa II
  • Tell Hammam et Turkman in Syria - vb

Cultures in East Asia

Bi-disc of the Liangzhu culture

• China :
  • Laoguantai culture (6000 to 3000 BC), Shaanxi
  • Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China: Miaodigou phase - (around 4000 to 3000 BC)
  • Hongshan Culture (4700-2900 BC), Northeast China
  • Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea
  • Beiyinyangying culture (4000 to 3000 BC), Lower Yangtze River
  • End of the Songze culture (3900 to 3200 BC), Lower Yangtze
  • Miaozigou culture (3500 to 3000 BC)
  • Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
  • Beginning of the Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
  • The Nuomuhong culture (3300 to 2900 BC) established itself at the beginning of the century

• Vietnam :
  • Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)

• Korea :
  • Middle Jeulmun Period (3500 to 2000 BC)

• Japan :
  • Early Jōmon period (Jōmon III - 4000 to 3000/2500 BC) with the first larger settlements

Cultures in South Asia

• Indus Valley :
  • Amri culture (4th and 3rd millennium BC)
  • Indus culture : onset of the Ravi phase of Harappa I (3300 to 2800 BC)
    • Kalibangan I (3500 to 2800 BC)
    • Kot Diji (3400 to 2650 BC)

• Balochistan :
  • Mehrgarh : Period IV ends around 3250 BC. BC, it is superseded by period V (3250 to 3000 BC)
  • Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)

Cultures in North Asia

• Siberia :
  • Afanassjewo culture (3500 to 2500 BC) in southern Siberia ( Altai region)

• Kazakhstan :
  • Botai culture (3700-3100 BC)

Cultures in Europe

• Northern Europe :
  • Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States

• Northeast Europe :
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC) in Poland , Lithuania and Belarus
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
  • Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania

• Eastern Europe :
  • Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) in * Kazakhstan and in Eastern Europe ( Russia , Ukraine )
  • Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
  • Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
  • The Usatovo culture (3300-3200 BC) only exists in this century

• Southeast Europe :
  • The Cucuteni culture (4800 to 3200 BC) in Romania , Moldova and the Ukraine comes to an end with the Tripolje C2 phase
  • Cernavodă culture (4000 to 3200 BC) in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine
  • Beginning of the Esero culture (3300 to 2700/2500 BC) in the eastern Balkans
  • The Cycladic culture in Greece (3200 to 1100 BC) begins from 3200 BC. With the early Cycladic phase
  • Early Minoan pre-palace period on Crete according to Warren and Hankey (1989) - FM I (3650/3500 to 3000 BC) According to Manning (1995), however, the beginning of FM I is much later, namely at 3100/3000 BC. Chr .; in the low and high dating it occurs as early as 3300 BC. Chr.

• Central Europe :
  • Funnel Beaker Culture (Northern Central Europe) - 4200 to 2800 BC Chr.
  • Baden culture (3500 to 2800 BC) in Austria , Hungary
  • Cham culture - Bavaria , Czech Republic , Austria - 3500 to 2700 BC Chr.
  • The Mondsee culture (3770 to 3200 BC) in the Salzkammergut is disappearing
  • Wartberg culture in northern Hesse - 3500 to 2800 BC Chr.
  • Horgen culture (3500 to 2800 BC) in Switzerland and southwest Germany
  • Salzmünder culture (3400 to 3000 BC) in Germany
  • Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands

• Western Europe :
  • The Unstan Ware culture (3600/3500 to 3200 BC) in Scotland is disappearing towards the end of the century
  • Peterborough Ware (3400 to 2500 BC) in Great Britain
  • Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
  • Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) in France, Switzerland and Italy
  • Almeria culture (3250 to 2550 BC) in southeastern Spain - Almeria I
  • Megalithic cultures :
    • France (4700 to 2000 BC)
    • Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC) ( Spain and Portugal )
    • Sardinia : End of the Ozieri culture (4000 to 3200 BC)
    • Malta : The Ġgantija phase of the temple period (3600 to 3300/3000 BC) reaches its end, the Saflieni phase (3300 to 3000 BC) begins

Female figurine of the Valdivia culture

Cultures in america

• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.

• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
  • Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) in Peru
  • Beginning of the San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia

Individual evidence

1. ^ Martin Trachsel: Prehistory and early history: sources, methods, goals. UTB, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8252-8369-8 , p. 64.
2. ^ LG Thompson u. a .: Inaugural Article: Abrupt tropical climate change: Past and present . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . tape 103 (28) , 2006, doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0603900103 .
3. ↑ Gebhard J. Selz: Sumerians and Akkadians: History, Society, Culture . CH Beck, 2005, ISBN 3-406-50874-X , p. 31 .
4. ^ P. Warren, V. Hankey: Aegean Bronze Age Chronology . Bristol Classical Press, Bristol 1989, ISBN 0-906515-67-X .
5. ^ S. Manning: The Absolute Chronology of the Aegean Early Bronze Age . In: Archeology, Radiocarbon and History . Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield 1995.

Web links

Commons : 33rd century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files