40th century BC Chr.

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The 40th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 4000th And ended on December 31, 3901 BC. This corresponds to the period 5950 to 5851 before today or the interval 5192 to 5104 radiocarbon years .

Time calculation

• January 1, 4000 BC Chr .: Beginning of the calendar of the Freemasons - year 0 AL ( Anno Lucis ).
• Beda Venerabilis puts the beginning of the calendar in the year 3952 BC. Chr.
• 3929 BC Chr .: year of creation according to the calculations of John Lightfoot .

Events / developments

• The world population was around 4000 BC. About seven million people.
• Around 4000 BC Chr .:
  • The Chad obtained with 1 million square kilometers of a temporary maximum of its extent (the 440 times its present surface), with depths greater than 65 meters. From that point on, however, a sustained decline begins.
  • In Plumstead , England , a suburb of London , the Belmarsh Trackway is being built to cross a marshland . This wooden plank path is considered to be the oldest known path construction in England.
  • In Elamite Susa a fixed settlement arises.
  • Beginning of the Iberian civilization . The Iberians probably immigrated from North Africa or the eastern Mediterranean .
  • First settlement of Thera (Santorini), which probably took place from Crete .

Inventions and discoveries

House donkey in Turkey

• Around 4000 BC Chr .:
  • First use of the bike for transport.
  • Domestication of the house ass in North Africa.
  • In Egypt , flax (linen) is grown and systematically processed.

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site

Cultures in Egypt

• Naqada culture (Naqada I - 4500 to 3500 BC)
• The Maadi culture (4000 to 3500 BC) begins in Lower Egypt

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

Frieze group ceramics from the late Obed period

• Obed culture in Mesopotamia (5500 to about 3500 BC) - Obed IV
• Early Uruk period (4200 to 3800 BC) - Uruk XII to Uruk XI or LC-2
• Ghassulia culture (4500 to 3500 BC) in Israel
• Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC) in Iran
• Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3 or Gaura A.
• Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq E.
• Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
• Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 15
• Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 11-9
• Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Gaura 13-12
• Tepe Yahya VI (4500 to 3800 BC) in Iran
• Susa in Iran (from 4200/4000 BC) - Susa I (4200 - 3800 BC)
• Arslantepe in Turkey - VIII
• Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC) in Syria - TW 18-19
• Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC) in Syria
• Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC) in Syria
• Tell Hammam et Turkman in Syria - vb

Cultures in East Asia

Ceramic from Korea, approx. 4000 BC Chr.

• China :
  • Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
  • Hongshan Culture (4700-2900 BC), Northeast China
  • Daxi culture (4400 to 3300 BC), middle Yangtze River
  • Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea
  • Beginning of the Beiyinyangying culture (4000 to 3000 BC) on the lower Yangtze

• Vietnam :
  • Beginning of the Đa Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
• Korea : Early Jeulmun Period (6000 to 3500 BC)

• Japan : The early Jōmon period (Jōmon III - 4000 to 3000/2500 BC) sets in, the first larger settlements.

Cultures in South Asia

• Mehrgarh (7000 to 2600/2000 BC) in Balochistan - Mehrgarh III (4800 to 3500 BC)
• Namazgadepe (5300 to 1700 BC) in Turkmenistan - Namazga III
• Rehman Dheri (around 4000 BC) in Pakistan
• Beginning of the Amri culture (4th and 3rd millennium BC) in the Indus valley

Cultures in Siberia

• Ekaterininka culture (4300 to 3700 BC) in southwest Siberia

Cultures in Europe

• Northern Europe :
  • Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States
• Northeast Europe :
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC) in Poland , Lithuania and Belarus
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
  • Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
• Eastern Europe :
  • Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) in Kazakhstan and in Eastern Europe (Russia, Ukraine)
  • Sredny Stog culture (4500 to 3500 BC) north of the Sea of Azov
• Southeast Europe :
  • Danube civilization (5000 to 3500 BC)
  • Cucuteni culture (4800 to 3200 BC) in Romania , Moldova and the Ukraine: Cucuteni, phase B or Tripolje, phase B2 / C1 (4000 to 3500 BC)
  • Gumelniţa culture (4700 to 3700 BC) in Romania and Moldova: phase Gumelniţa A2 (4500 to 3950 BC) and phase Gumelniţa B1 and B2 (3950 to 3700 BC)
  • Boian culture in Romania and Bulgaria (4300 to 3500 BC) - Phase IV - Spanţov phase - 4000 to 3500 BC Chr.
• Central Europe ( Early Neolithic - 4400 to 3500 BC):
  • End of the Lengyel culture (4900 to 3950 BC) in Hungary , Austria and the Czech Republic.
  • Rössen culture (4500/4300 to 3500 BC) in East Germany
  • Münchshöfen culture (4500 to 3900/3800 BC), Eastern Central Europe
  • Disappearance of the Jordansmühler culture (4300 to 3900 BC) in eastern Central Europe and the
  • Gatersleben culture (4300 to 3900 BC) in East Germany
  • Schussenrieder Group (4200 to 3700 BC) in southwest Germany
  • Baalberg culture (4200 to 3100 BC) in central Germany
  • Funnel beaker culture (4200 to 2800 BC) in northern Central Europe
    • Wangels phase (4200-3900 BC)
  • End of the Pollinger group (4100 to 3900 BC) in Bavaria
• Western Europe and Southern Europe :
  • Vasi-a-bocca-quadrata culture (5100 to 3800 BC) in northern Italy
  • Chasséen culture (4600-2400 v. Chr.) In France , Switzerland and Italy with
    • Chasséen (4300 to 3500 BC) in France
    • Cortaillod culture (classic: 4300 to 3900 BC) in Switzerland
  • Megalithic cultures :
    • France (4700 to 2000 BC)
    • Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC)
      • Spain (4000 to 2000 BC)
    • Sardinia : Ozieri culture (4000 to 3200 BC)
    • Malta : the Żebbuġ phase (4100 to 3800 BC) with the Brochtorff Circle

Cultures in america

• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period . From 4000 BC Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas.
  • Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán ( Mexico ).
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru.
  • Ecuador : Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC)
  • Middle Pre-Ceramic (7000 to 4000 BC) in northern Chile . Lower Alto Barranco and Alto Aguada along the Pacific coast and Rinconada in the hinterland

Web links

Commons : 40th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Colin McEvedy and Richard Jones: Atlas of world population history. Penguin, 1978, cited at http://worldhistorysite.com/ .
2. ^ M. Voigt, RH Dyson: The Chronology of Iran, approx. 8000-2000 BC , In: RW Ehrich (Ed.): Chronologies in Old World Archeology , Chicago / London, pp. 122-178, especially Table 2
3. ↑ Austria Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management: How many species do humans need ?: A search for clues. Böhlau Verlag Vienna, 2010, ISBN 3-205-78516-9 , p. 238.
4. ↑ Karl-Heinz Schlote : Chronology of the natural sciences: the path of mathematics and natural sciences from the beginning into the 21st century. Harri Deutsch Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-8171-1610-1 , p. 6.
5. ^ Wilhelm Endlich: Adhesives and Sealants in Modern Technology. Vulkan-Verlag GmbH, 1998, ISBN 3-8027-2183-7 , p. 6.