39th century BC Chr.

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The 39th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 3900th And ended on December 31, 3801 BC. This corresponds to the period 5850 to 5751 before today or the interval 5104 to 5012 radiocarbon years .

Time calculation

Calibration curve according to CalPal, light blue: 39th century BC Chr.

According to Vogel u. a. (1993) shows the radiocarbon dating for the course of the 39th century BC. An anomaly, with the beginning of the century having lower values ​​than its end (negative correlation). The maximum of the calibration curve is at 3820 BC. BC reached with 5080 radiocarbon years BP (3900 BC shows only 5030 radiocarbon years BP and 3800 BC shows 5050 radiocarbon years BP; the radiocarbon ages thus lag behind the normal time calculation by 870 and 750 years respectively).

A newer correlation program such as B. CalPal finds plateaus in the calibration curve before the beginning (3956 to 3905 BC) and again towards the end of the century (3836 to 3792 BC). Between 3881 and 3870 BC The curve has its steepest ascent. In general, the 39th century BC moves. Between 5104 and 5012 radiocarbon years BP.

Events / developments

Reconstruction of the sweet track

• 3838 BC The Post Track is built in what is now the county of Somerset in England - a wooden boardwalk that leads through the moor of the Somerset Levels .
• 3807/3806 BC Chr .: The Post Track is largely replaced by the Sweet Track , which was discovered in 1970 and is almost 2000 meters long . Its construction time was dendrochronologically based on the annual rings of the tree trunks used.
• Beginning of the Piora fluctuation (Piora fluctuation I - 3900 to 3780 BC) in the outgoing Atlantic . Climatically , it causes global cooling. As a result, the Sahara is drying up ; the local population migrates towards the Nile valley .

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site .

Cultures in Egypt

• In Upper Egypt the Naqada culture continues (Naqada I - 4500 to 3500 BC)
• Maadi culture flourished in Lower Egypt (4000 to 3500 BC)

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Obed culture in Mesopotamia (5500 to about 3500 BC) - Obed IV
• The early Uruk period (4200 to 3800 BC) is coming to an end - Uruk XII to Uruk XI or LC-2
• Ghassulia culture (4500 to 3500 BC) in Israel
• Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC) in Iran
• Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3 or Gaura A.
• Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
• Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq E.
• Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC) in Syria - TW 18-19
• Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 15
• Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 11-9
• Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Gaura 13-12
• Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC) in Syria
• Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC) in Syria
• Tepe Yahya - Tepe Yahya VI (4500 to 3800 BC)
• Susa in Iran (from 4000 BC) - Susa I
• Arslantepe in Turkey - VIII
• Tell Hammam et Turkman in Syria - vb

Cultures in South Asia

• Mehrgarh - Period III (4800 to 3500 BC) in Balochistan
• The Amri culture unfolds on the Indian subcontinent ( Indus Valley , 4th and 3rd millennium BC).

Cultures in East Asia

• In China during the 39th century BC Several cultures can be distinguished:
  • the Dadiwan culture (5800 to 3000 BC) on the upper Huang He
  • the Baiyangcun culture (5000 to 3700 BC) in Yunnan
  • the Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC) in central and northern China
  • the Majiabang culture (4750 to 3700 BC) on the lower Yangtze River
  • in northeast China the Hongshan culture (4700 to 2900 BC)
  • on the middle Yangtze the Daxi culture (4400 to 3300 BC)
  • the Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC) on the coast of the Yellow Sea
  • the Beiyinyangying culture (4000 to 3000 BC) on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River
  • the Songze culture begins on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (3900-3200 BC)

• Korea :
  • Early Jeulmun period (6000 to 3500 BC)

• Japan :
  • Early Jōmon period (Jōmon III - 4000 to 3000/2500 BC) with the first larger settlements

• Vietnam :
  • Đa Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC) with quite archaic ceramics (basket models)

Cultures in North Asia

• Siberia :
  • Ekaterininka culture (4300 to 3700 BC)

Cultures in Europe

• Northern Europe :
  • Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States

• Northeast Europe :
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC) in Poland , Lithuania and Belarus
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
  • Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania

• Eastern Europe :
  • In the south of Russia, in Kazakhstan and in Ukraine, Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) spread, including
  • the Sredny Stog culture (4500 to 3500 BC) north of the Sea of Azov

Reconstructed pile dwellings of the Schussenried Group

• Central Europe generally remains under the influence of the Early Neolithic (4400 to 3500 BC), the third stage of the Neolithic :
  • The Rössen culture (4300 to 3500 BC) continued to exist in East Germany
  • In Bavaria , the Münchshöfen culture is coming to an end (4500 to 3800 BC)
  • The Schussenried Group (4200 to 3700 BC) continues to survive in southwest Germany .
  • The Pfyner culture (3900 to 3500 BC) can now be found in the Alpine foothills of Switzerland
  • Northern Central Europe is dominated by the Neolithic beaker culture (4200 to 2800 BC) ( Siggenebben phase in Schleswig-Holstein - 3900 to 3700 BC)

• Western Europe and Southern Europe :
  • Vasi-a-bocca-quadrata culture (5100 to 3800 BC) in northern Italy
  • The late Neolithic Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) in France , Switzerland and Italy with
    • Chasséen (4300 to 3500 BC) in France
    • Lagozza Culture (3900 to 3400 BC) in Italy
  • The megalithic culture can be found:
    • in France (4700 to 2000 BC)
    • on the Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC)
      • Spain (4000 to 2000 BC)
      • Portugal (from 4000 BC) with the Anta Grande do Zambujeiro site
    • in Sardinia with the Ozieri culture (4000 to 3200 BC). This is characterized by megalithic buildings ( dolmens , menhirs ), necropolises (cave graves) and richly shaped ceramics and sculptures .
    • in Malta with the Brochtorff Circle of the Żebbuġ phase (4100 to 3800 BC)

Cultures in america

• North and Central America are still in the Archaic Period . In the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC onwards The first mounds were built.
  • Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán ( Mexico )

• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador

Web links

Commons : 39th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ JC Vogel et al. a .: Pretoria calibration curve for short-lived samples, 1930-3350 BC . In: Radiocarbon . tape 35 (1) , 1993, pp. 73-85 .
2. ^ Richard Brunning: A window on the past - The prehistoric archeology of the Somerset Moors . In: Pat Hill-Cottingham et al. a. (Ed.): The Somerset Wetlands: An ever changing environment . Somerset Books, Wellington, Somerset 2006, ISBN 0-86183-432-1 , pp. 40-41 .
3. ^ Johannes Hoops : Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde: Euhemerism - Fichte. Walter de Gruyter, 1994, ISBN 3-11-013188-9 , p. 153.