Eight-thousanders

Location of the eight-thousanders in the Karakoram and Himalayas

Six eight-thousanders and three seven-thousanders

As eight thousand refers mountains that over 8000  m high. These 14 highest mountains on earth are: Mount Everest , K2 , Kangchenjunga , Lhotse , Makalu , Cho Oyu , Dhaulagiri I , Manaslu , Nanga Parbat , Annapurna I , Gasherbrum I (Hidden Peak), Broad Peak , Gasherbrum II and Shishapangma .

As a rule, the term eight-thousander refers to the entire mountain or to the respective main summit . In a broader sense, secondary peaks that reach a height of 8000  m and more can also be referred to as eight-thousanders.

location

Ten of these mountains are in the Himalayas and four in the adjacent Karakoram . They are distributed over the countries India , Nepal , Pakistan and China with its autonomous provinces Tibet (Himalaya) and Xinjiang (Karakoram). Five eight-thousanders lie entirely in one country: the Nanga Parbat in Pakistan, the Shisha Pangma in China and Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu in Nepal. The other nine mountains are based in two different countries. China has a total of nine eight-thousanders, Nepal eight, Pakistan five and India one (Kangchenjunga). There are no eight-thousanders outside the Himalayas and the Karakoram.

Ascents

See also : Ascent of all eight-thousanders

Annapurna was the first eight-thousander to be climbed by the French in 1950. The highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest, could be climbed three years later. Thereafter, further eight-thousander peaks were climbed for the first time every year, so that by 1958 twelve of the 14 had been climbed. In 1960 the Dhaulagiri followed. Shishapangma was first climbed in 1964 as the last mountain of this height. The reason for the late ascent of the mountain was the closure by China, which had not opened the massif to foreigners until 1978. In 1986 Reinhold Messner was the first mountaineer to successfully climb all 14 eight-thousanders without the aid of bottled oxygen; In 2011 Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner did the same.

A total of 10,899 ascents of the 14 eight-thousanders have been counted so far. With 4109 ascents, Mount Everest is the most popular mountain among mountaineers. It is followed by Cho Oyu with 2668 and Gasherbrum II with 871 ascents. The remaining eight-thousanders were climbed significantly less often with fewer than 500 ascents. The peaks of Annapurna and Kangchenjunga were reached the least often, which was achieved only 154 and 219 times respectively.

753 mountaineers died on the eight-thousanders after accidents or serious illnesses such as acute altitude sickness . Here, too, Mount Everest is at the top with 211 dead. Then come the K2 with 77 and the Nanga Parbat with 66 deaths. The fewest deaths occurred at Gasherbrum II at 19, Lhotse at 20 and Broad Peak at 23 (as of February 2009)

Lists

Legend

• Country : State or administrative area in which the massif is located.
• Dominance in km : the distance to the nearest point of the same height. In addition, the information in which massif this reference point of the same height is located.
• Schartenhöhe in m : Difference between the summit height and the highest notch via which a higher summit can be reached. Specified with reference point. The reference point is the highest peak that can be reached from this notch.

Main summit

rank	image	summit	Height in m	Mountains	country	Dominance in km	Notch height in m	First climber	First ascent on	First to climb in winter	First ascent in winter on	Ascents	dead
1		Mount Everest	8848	Himalayas	China , Nepal	maximum A1	8848	Edmund Hillary , Tenzing Norgay	05/29/1953	Krzysztof Wielicki , Leszek Cichy	02/17/1980	4571	216
2		K2	8611	Karakoram	China, Pakistan	1316 Mt. Everest	4017 Mt. Everest	Achille Compagnoni , Lino Lacedelli	07/31/1954	unclimbed in winter	-	302	80
3		Kangchenjunga	8586	Himalayas	India , Nepal	124 Mt. Everest	3922 Mt. Everest	George Band , Joe Brown	May 25, 1955	Jerzy Kukuczka , Krzysztof Wielicki	01/11/1986	243	40/7 A2
4th		Lhotse	8516	Himalayas	China, Nepal	3.02 Mt. Everest	610 Mt. Everest	Fritz Luchsinger , Ernst Reiss	05/18/1956	Krzysztof Wielicki	December 31, 1988	396	12/9 A3
5		Makalu	8485	Himalayas	China, Nepal	17.29 Lhotse	2378 Mt. Everest	Lionel Terray , Jean Couzy	05/15/1955	Denis Urubko , Simone Moro	02/09/2009	323	29
6th		Cho Oyu	8188	Himalayas	China, Nepal	28.54 Mt. Everest	2340 Mt. Everest	Josef Jöchler , Herbert Tichy , Pasang Dawa Lama	October 19, 1954	Maciej Berbeka , Maciej Pawlikowski	02/12/1985	2790	43
7th		Dhaulagiri	8167	Himalayas	Nepal	317.5 Cho Oyu	3357 K2	Kurt Diemberger , Nawang Dorje , Ernst Forrer , Albin Schelbert , Peter Diener , Nyima Dorje	05/13/1960	Andrzej Czok , Jerzy Kukuczka	January 21, 1985	417	62
8th		Manaslu	8163	Himalayas	Nepal	105.6 Dhaulagiri	3092 Mt. Everest	Gyalzen Norbu , Toshio Imanishi	05/09/1956	Maciej Berbeka , Ryszard Gajewski	01/12/1984	297	58
9		Nanga Parbat	8125	Himalayas	Pakistan	188.5 K2	4608 Mt. Everest	Hermann Buhl A4	07/03/1953	Muhammad Ali Sadpara , Alex Txikon , Simone Moro	02/26/2016	326	68
10		Annapurna I	8091	Himalayas	Nepal	33.8 Dhaulagiri	2984 Mt. Everest	Louis Lachenal , Maurice Herzog	06/03/1950	Artur Hajzer , Jerzy Kukuczka	02/03/1987	157	60/3 A5
11		Gasherbrum I (Hidden Peak)	8080	Karakoram	China, Pakistan	24.08 K2	2155 K2	Peter K. Schoening , Andrew J. Kauffman	07/05/1958	Adam Bielecki , Janusz Gołąb	03/09/2012	298	26th
12		Broad Peak	8051	Karakoram	China, Pakistan	9.39 K2	1701 Hidden Peak	Hermann Buhl , Kurt Diemberger , Marcus Schmuck , Fritz Wintersteller	06/09/1957	Maciej Berbeka , Adam Bielecki , Tomasz Kowalski , Artur Małek	05.03.2013	385	20/3 A6
13		Gasherbrum II	8034	Karakoram	China, Pakistan	5.33 Hidden Peak	1523 Hidden Peak	Fritz Moravec , Josef Larch , Hans Willenpart	07/07/1956	Denis Urubko , Simone Moro , Cory Richards	02/02/2011	872	20th
14th		Shishapangma	8027	Himalayas	China	91.24 Cho Oyu	2897 Annapurna	Xǔ Jìng , Zhāng Jùnyán , Wáng Fùzhōu , Chén Sān , Chéng Tiānliàng , Wū Zōngyuè , Sodnam Dorji , Minar Trashi , Dorji , Tontan	05/02/1964	Piotr Morawski , Simone Moro	01/14/2005	285	24

^A1Since there is no point that is as high or higher as the summit of Mt. Everest, there is no reference point for determining dominance. Depending on the definition, infinity or half the circumference of the earth is given as a value.

^A2With west summit

^A3 With Lhotse Shar

^A4Hermann Buhl reached the summit of Nanga Parbat without artificial oxygen supply, but with the help of pervitin (methamphetamine).

^A5 With central and eastern summit

^A6 With central summit

Minor peaks

This list is incomplete because there are no general statements about when a survey is to be regarded as a summit, in this case as a secondary summit. The most famous secondary peaks are listed. The ranking results from the massive membership.

rank	Minor peaks	Height in m	Height of main peak in m	Notch height in m	First climber	First ascent on
1	Mount Everest South Summit	8748	8848	011	Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans	05/26/1953
2	Mount Everest West Summit	8296	8848	30th	Dušan Podbevšek and Roman Robas	05/12/1979
3	K2 southwest summit	8580	8611	30th	Eiho Ohtani and Nazir Sabir	08/07/1981
4th	Kangchenjunga West Summit	8505	8586	135	Yutaka Ageta and Takao Matsuda	05/14/1973
5	Kangchenjunga South Summit	8476	8586	116	Eugeniusz Chrobak and Wojciech Wróż	May 19, 1978
6th	Kangchenjunga Central Summit	8473	8586	63	Wojciech Brański , Andrzej Heinrich and Kazimierz Olech	May 22, 1978
7th	Lhotse-Middle West	8410	8516	65	Alexei Bolotow , Petr Kuznetsow , Sergei Timofeew , Evgeni Winogradski	05/23/2001
8th	Lhotse-Middle East	8372	8516	37	unclimbed
9	Lhotse Shar	8382	8516	72	Sepp Mayerl , Rolf Walter	05/12/1970
10	Nanga Parbat north shoulder	8070	8125		Hermann Buhl	07/03/1953
11	Nanga Parbat South Summit	8042	8125	30th	Ueli Bühler	08/17/1982
12	Annapurna Central Summit	8051	8091	30th	Udo Bönning , Ludwig Greissl , Heinz Oberrauch	10/03/1980
13	Annapurna Northeast Summit	8013	8091	50	José Manuel Anglada , Emilion Civis , Jorge Pons	07/29/1974
14th	Broad Peak Pre-Summit	8028	8051		Marcus Schmuck , Fritz Wintersteller , Kurt Diemberger and Hermann Buhl	05/29/1957
15th	Broad Peak central peak	8011	8051	211	Kazimierz Głazek , Marek Kęsicki , Janusz Kuliś , Bohdan Nowaczyk and Andrzej Sikorski	07/28/1975
16	Shishapangma central peak	8008	8027	30th	Makato Hara , Hiro Komamiya , Hirofumi Konishi	10/10/1982

See also

• Ascent of all eight-thousanders
• List of mountains in Asia
• Seven Summits

literature

• Richard Sale, John Cleare: On Top Of The World: The 14 eight-thousanders: From the first ascent until today . BLV, Munich 2001. ISBN 3-405-16039-1
• Marco Bianchi: The eight-thousanders: the 14 highest mountains in the world in the Karakoram and the Himalayas . Tyrolia, Innsbruck 2004. ISBN 3-7022-2591-9
• Reinhold Messner: Survived: All eight-thousanders with a chronicle . BLV, Munich 2002. ISBN 3-405-15788-9

Web links

Wiktionary: eight-thousanders  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Commons : Eight-thousanders  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Representation of the eight-thousanders with literature and history
• Information on the 14 eight-thousanders and high-altitude mountaineering
• www.8000ers.com: Information and statistics on the eight-thousanders (English)
• Map on GeoFinder.ch with the location of all eight-thousanders

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} High Asia - All mountains and main peaks above 6750 m at www.8000ers.com , accessed on March 15, 2011
2. ↑ ^{a b} Information on dominance and notch height of the highest mountains in the world on thehighrisepages.de , accessed on March 28, 2009
3. ↑ ^{a b} See All ascents to date here and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
4. ↑ ^{a b} See All ascents to date here and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
5. ↑ ^{a b} See All ascents to date here and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
6. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
7. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
8. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
9. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
10. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
11. ^ Stefan Nestler (German), accessed on February 26, 2016
12. ↑ [1] (English), accessed on February 26, 2016
13. ↑ ^{a b} See All ascents to date here and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
14. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
15. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
16. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
17. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
18. ↑ ^{a b} See Nations statistics and Fatalities table , accessed on August 27, 2010
19. ↑ so z. B. Section 9: Isolation. In: peaklist.org. Retrieved March 30, 2011 . 
20. ↑ so z. B. World Peaks with 1000 km of Isolation. In: peakbagger.com. Retrieved March 30, 2011 . 
21. ↑ Eberhard Jurgalski : Information on dominance and notch height , accessed on March 28, 2009
22. ↑ Mount Everest South Summit on peakbagger.com (English), accessed on March 28, 2009

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This version was added to the selection of informative lists and portals on April 26, 2009 .