Aérospatiale SA-319
| Aérospatiale SA.319 Alouette III | |
|---|---|
 Alouette III of the Austrian Armed Forces |
|
| Type: | Light multipurpose helicopter |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
February 28, 1959 |
| Commissioning: |
1960 |
| Production time: |
1961 to 1985 |
| Number of pieces: |
more than 2000 |
The Aérospatiale SA.319 Alouette III ( French for lark ) is a light single-engine multi - purpose helicopter . It was produced by the French manufacturer Sud Aviation (later Aérospatiale ) from 1959 in over 1400 copies for both military and civil purposes. It was also manufactured under license in India , Romania (as IAR.316B) and Switzerland . Many of the simple and robust machines are still flown today.
Versions
SE.3160
The first version of the Alouette III was the SE.3160. It was derived from the successful Alouette II and flew for the first time on February 28, 1959. It could carry seven passengers or two stretchers and three passengers. It was powered by a Turbomeca Artouste IIIB gas turbine with a maximum of 551 kW (750 PS). This version was produced until 1969.
SA.316A
Newer name of SE.3160.
SA.316B
The SA-316 also used a Turbomeca Artouste IIIB turbine, but had a higher take-off weight.
SA-316C
The SA-316C was equipped with the more powerful Turbomeca Artouste IIID engine.
SA.319B
Unlike the older versions of the Alouette III , the SA.319 was equipped with an Astazou XIV turbine, which improved the helicopter's performance, particularly in tropical and alpine regions. This type remained in production parallel to the SA.316 until the early 1980s.
SA.3164
The test helicopter, also known as the “Alouette Canon”, was modified in 1964 by Sud Aviation with a 20 mm automatic cannon in the bow and weapon stations on the side of the fuselage.
HAL Chetak
The SA.316B, which was finally assembled under license by Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) in India , has been designated as "Chetak".
IAR 316
The Romanian aviation group Întreprinderea Aeronautică Română (IAR) completed the final assembly of the SA.316B under license.
IAR 317 "Airfox"
IAR prototype for its own attack helicopter. Only tests were carried out and no series machines were produced.
Atlas XH-1 Alpha
For the development of the Rooivalk , a cell of an Alouette III with one behind the other cockpits was converted into the Atlas XH-1 Alpha .
Military users
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Incidents
On June 29, 2018, an Alouette III of the Austrian Armed Forces had an accident in Carinthia. After a hard landing in the mountains around 2000 meters above sea level near the Wolayer Hut, the machine overturned, caught fire and burned out. None of the four inmates were injured.
Since the introduction of the Alouette III in the army in 1968, 7 helicopters have crashed; three aircraft accidents resulted in deaths.
Technical specifications
(Source: Aircraft of the World, issues 1960 and 1979/80)
| Parameter | Data SE-3160 | Data SA-319B |
|---|---|---|
| Hull length | 10.11 m | 10.03 m |
| Rotor diameter | 10.93 m | 11.02 m |
| height | 2.95 m | - |
| Payload | maximum 7 seats | one pilot and six passengers, external loads up to 750 kg |
| Empty mass | 1042 kg | 1108 kg |
| Takeoff mass | 2100 kg | 2250 kg |
| drive | a Turbomeca Artouste IIIB gas turbine with 570 shaft horsepower | a Turbomeca Astazou XIVH gas turbine with 789 shaft horsepower |
| Top speed | 200 km / h at sea level | 220 km / h at sea level |
| Cruising speed | 190 km / h at sea level | 197 km / h at sea level |
| Max. Floating height | 3000 m | 3100 m with ground effect |
| Range | 605 km with 6 passengers |
Armament
In the car (door) lafettiert :
- 1 × swiveling mount for 1 × 20 mm automatic cannon Matra MG 151/20 with 450 rounds of ammunition
- 1 × swivel mount for 1 × 7.62 mm machine gun Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne AA-52 with 1000 rounds of ammunition
- 1 × swivel mount for 2 × 7.62 mm Browning .303 Mark II (M1919) machine guns each with 400 rounds of ammunition (only Rhodesian SE.3164)
Ordnance for a maximum of 600 kg on two to four external load carriers
torpedo
- 1 × AST / General Electric Mk.44 324mm torpedo
Air-to-surface guided missile
- 4 × Nord Aviation / Aerospatiale AS.11 (AGM-22) - wire-controlled anti-tank guided missile
- 2 × Nord Aviation AS.12 - wired anti-tank guided missile
- 4 × Kolomna 9M14 "Maljutka" (AT-3 "Sagger") - radio-controlled (SACLOS) anti-tank guided missile (only IAR 316)
Unguided air-to-surface missiles
- 2 × Matra RL-181 rocket tube launch containers for 18 × unguided SNEB air-to-surface rockets each ; Caliber 37 mm
- 2 × Matra RL-361 rocket tube launch containers for 36 × unguided SNEB air-to-ground missiles each; Caliber 37 mm
- 2 × TBA 68-7 rocket tube launch containers for 7 × unguided SNEB air-to- surface rockets each ; Caliber 68 mm
- 2 × TBA 68-12C rocket tube launch containers for 12 × unguided SNEB air-to-ground missiles each; Caliber 68 mm
- 2 × Matra F4 (Matra 155) rocket tube launch containers for 18 × unguided SNEB air-to-ground missiles each; Caliber 68 mm
- 2 × TBA 100-4 rocket tube launch container for 4 × unguided air-to-ground missiles SNEB ; 100 mm caliber
- 2 × L-57-16MD rocket tube launch containers (license copy of UB-16-57M) for 16 × unguided S-5 air-to-ground missiles Caliber 57 mm (only IAR 316)
Additional container
- 2 × FN ETNA TMP-5-MG canisters each with 2 × 7.62 mm FN MAG 58P machine guns with 500 rounds of ammunition each
Self-defense systems
Based on experience from operations in southern Africa, the Rhodesian Air Force equipped its Alouette III with self-protection systems.
Passive action
- 1 × air intake grille
- 1 × exhaust gas cooling diffuser (infrared suppression exhaust air cooler) at the end of the exhaust pipe, through which the exhaust gases were mixed with ambient air and dispersed.
- matte paint to reduce the infrared signature
See also
- Aéreospatiale SA.318 "Alouette II"
- Aérospatiale SA.315 "Lama"
- Eurocopter AS.550 "Fenec"
- Aérospatiale SA.342 "Gazelle"
- Bell OH-58A "Kiowa" (Model 206)
- MBB PAH-1 (BO-105P)
- Hughes OH-6A "Loach" (Model 269)
- List of helicopter types
literature
- John Andrade: Militair 1982 , Aviation Press Ltd, 1982, ISBN 0-907898-01-7 .
- William Green, Gerhard Pollinger: The planes of the world. Werner Classen Verlag, Zurich and Stuttgart 1960.
- William Green, Gerhard Pollinger: The planes of the world. Werner Classen Verlag, Zurich and Stuttgart 1979.
- Harald Dorner: 50 years of Alouette III in the armed forces. In: öfh Nachrichten - Informations der Österreichischen Flugzeug-Historiker 4/17, pp. 14-19.
Web links
- Type certification of SA 315, SA 316, SE 316 and SA 319 - EASA-TCDS-R.123 (PDF; 407 kB, English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Andrade 1982, p. 157.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 63.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 11.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 15.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 22.
- ↑ Belgian military aviation Orbat
- ↑ Hatch 1990, p. 39.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 335.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 36.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 55.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 56.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 188.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 126.
- ↑ [milaviapress.com]
- ↑ Helicopters of the Securite Civile (in French)
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 77.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 91.
- ↑ Greek military aviation OrBat ( Memento of the original from September 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 95.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 98.
- ↑ Andrade 1982, pp. 102, 103.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 111.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 61.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 139.
- ↑ Cameroonian military aviation Orbat
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 147.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 149.
- ↑ a b Andrade 1982, p. 151.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 153.
- ↑ Malaysian military aviation OrBat ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 154.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 159.
- ^ A b Andrade 1982, p. 161.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 35.
- ^ South African Alouette IIIs apparently destined for Namibia, not Zimbabwe. Defense Web, February 18, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
- ^ Air Combat Information Group - Nepal
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 166.
- ↑ The Dutch Army bought 77 Alouette III helicopters in 1962. Of these, 73 were decommissioned in 1995 while the last 4 were in use until 2016. (see Dutch Wikipedia article Aérospatiale Alouette III )
- ↑ Dutch military aviation Orbat
- ^ Andrade 1982, pp. 173, 174.
- ^ Andrade 1982, pp. 178, 179.
- ↑ Portuguese military aviation OrBat ( Memento of the original from March 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 50.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 187.
- ↑ Young at 95! , Air Forces Monthly magazine, Dirk Jan de Ridder & Menso van Westrhenen, February 2009 issue, p. 54.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 190.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 206.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 208.
- ↑ RoKN retires final Alouette III naval helicopters, Janes, December 3, 2019
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 197.
- ^ SAAF Alouettes for Swaziland
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 43.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 227.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 338.
- ^ Andrade 1982, p. 343.
- ^ Bundesheer helicopter crashed orf.at, June 29, 2018, accessed June 29, 2018.
