Waste management company Munich

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The Abfallwirtschaftsbetrieb München (AWM) is a waste management company in Munich district Moosach . As an in-house company, it is responsible for waste disposal and is the largest municipal waste disposal company in Germany.

Headquarters of the AWM

history

Until 1945

In the years 1870 to 1900, Munich's population grew from 170,000 to over 500,000. Until 1890, the citizens of Munich disposed of their rubbish and rubbish in one of more than 2,700 ash, rubbish and fertilizer pits that had to be emptied once a year. The growing awareness of hygiene, particularly promoted by Max von Pettenkofer , led to the issue of the first Munich waste statute. On April 14, 1891, the magistrate of the royal capital and residence city of Munich issued the "Local Police Regulation on the Storage and Removal of Household Garbage". In the same year, the master blacksmith Fischer from the Giesing district of Munich developed the Harritschwagen , a garbage truck pulled by horses. The Harritsch wagon was the backbone of household waste collection for the next 50 years. The name "Harritsch" is probably derived from the English "carriage". On April 27, 1897, the Munich city council signed a contract with the Munich household waste recycling facility . In it, the city undertook to leave the company with "all household waste without exception" for separation. The household waste recycling built outside of Munich, in the municipality Puchheim a waste sorting plant, and the city was responsible for transporting the waste to Puchheim. For this purpose, the Harritsch wagons and their contents were brought to the sorting facility by train. This system remained almost unchanged until the end of the Second World War . On January 15, 1898, it was decided to use standardized collecting containers (square 110 liter metal bins). These were in use until 1983.

Since 1945

After the Second World War, on April 29, 1947, the city ​​council decided to motorize the municipal garbage disposal. A year later, 30 special collection vehicles were purchased. The Harritsch wagons were gradually abolished. The economic upswing after the currency reform in 1948 caused the amount of waste to increase by 30 percent in 1949. In the post-war years until 1954, the garbage was disposed of in pits in the urban area and on the outskirts. In 1954, a waste recycling plant with an annual capacity of 500,000 cubic meters went into operation in Großlappen. The iron was removed from the garbage with magnets . Other usable materials such as non-ferrous metals , paper, textiles, bed feathers, glass or pig feed were sorted out by hand. The remainder that could not be used was sent to a landfill. In 1961 the first four bulky waste collection points were set up.

Since the amount of waste kept increasing and the capacity of the waste recycling plant in Großlappen was no longer sufficient, the city council decided to build a waste incineration plant . On June 16, 1964, the first waste incineration plant, the Munich North power plant , went into operation. The sorting facility in Großlappen was destroyed by a fire on May 7, 1965. A waste separation (as it was back in fashion later) no longer existed ever since. From now on, two thirds of the waste in the north power plant was burned, the rest went to the landfill in Großlappen.

Following the trend of the times, the incineration capacities were continuously expanded. In 1966 the second combustion unit in the northern heating plant went into operation. In 1971, the second combustion unit in the southern heating power station went into operation. The existing capacities are sufficient both for the incineration of all Munich garbage and for the garbage from the district communities .

In 1975 the first waste concept was drawn up, in which waste incineration is the focus. The update of the waste concept in 1982 still focuses on incineration, but in the course of the ongoing environmental discussion, the concept already contains the mandate to detoxify the flue gases generated during incineration and to ensure the recycling of raw materials.

The 1988 waste concept set new priorities. The recycling of waste was now in the foreground and waste prevention was also being considered. However, due to the scarce landfill space, the volume of the waste had to be further reduced by incineration. The greatest potential for recycling was seen in organic waste (40 percent of residual waste ) and in paper (20 percent of residual waste). Since experience has shown that the largest quantities could be skimmed off with collection systems , the introduction of paper and organic bins was propagated.

In order to achieve a more effective implementation of the goals of the waste concept, various waste disposal offices were combined in the newly created waste management office in 1989 . With 1.1 million tons in 1990, the amount of waste to be incinerated had practically doubled since 1970. In 1992 the first organic and paper bins were set up in the Berg am Laim district as part of a model test . Little by little, these bins will be introduced throughout the city. In March 1993 the city signed a contract with DSD ( Duales System Deutschland ) GmbH, which included setting up a recycling container system (as opposed to the usual yellow sack ). By 1995, the amount of waste deposited on the landfill and delivered to the incinerator could be reduced to less than 600,000 tons. In 1997, the waste incineration plant in the southern heating plant was shut down for economic reasons and all residual waste was incinerated exclusively in the northern heating plant .

In January 1999 the city council adopted a new waste management concept. In July 1999 the nationwide introduction of the 3-tonne system was completed. In October of the same year, the Waste Management Office moved into its new headquarters on Georg-Brauchle-Ring , after having been located on Sachsenstrasse for many years. In 2001, the former was owned enterprise into a self-propelled converted. In January 2002, the former was Office for Waste Management in Waste Management Company Munich (AWM) renamed. Due to the surprising snow load in March 2006, the special tent roof construction of the carport collapsed. In 2008, Europe's most modern dry fermentation plant for the production of gas and compost was opened at the North Disposal Park.

tasks

The tasks of the company result from the general waste statute of the state capital Munich , the household waste disposal statute of the state capital Munich , the Bavarian municipal code and the waste concept of the city of Munich.

  • Collection, disposal and recycling of residual waste, paper waste and organic waste
  • Recycling and marketing of recyclable materials
  • Operation and maintenance of 200 garbage trucks, three (or four) depots and workshops
  • Operation of 12 recycling centers
  • Operation and renaturation of the north-west landfill in the Freimann disposal park
  • Work of the AWM Infocenter as a central advice center for households and businesses
  • Elaboration of statutes for the design of waste law and enforcement
  • Implementation of the waste concept of the city of Munich
  • Development and implementation of waste prevention strategies
  • Billing and preparation of garbage charge notices
  • Planning of all waste management systems taking into account the latest technological developments in waste management

Garbage disposal in Munich

Waste generation in the state capital Munich
Generation of household waste
(excluding waste electrical and electronic equipment)		 2011 2010 2005
Household and bulky waste 326,651 tons 315,539 tons 321,715 tons
organic waste from the bio bin 41,635 tons 38,633 tons 35,854 tons
organic waste biodegradable 33,069 tons 31,585 tons 33,816 tons
separately collected recyclables 167,274 tons 165,542 tons 167,203 tons
other waste 444 tons 15,897 tons 14,043 tons
All in all 569,073 tons 567,196 tons 572,631 tons

Source: Federal and State Statistical Offices, 2013

AWM garbage truck
In action

A general distinction is made between household waste (waste from private households) and commercial waste (waste from commercial establishments). By spreading the various collection systems in the city, an attempt is made to achieve an optimal distribution:

  • Bin emptying for all Munich citizens and companies directly at the house
  • 1000 recycling islands, on average every 200 m. Recycling islands are used to describe glass containers, metal containers and other waste containers that are used to collect packaging waste.
  • 52 collection points for hazardous waste from the poison mobile, every 2000 m on average
  • 12 recycling centers, on average every 3000 m

Household garbage

Packaging waste (plastic, glass, metal) is disposed of in Munich by dual systems . However, this does not happen through the yellow sack , but on recycling islands (approx. 1000) distributed throughout the city. The rest of the garbage is distributed in all of Munich's households in organic, paper and residual waste bins. These bins are collected by the AWM every one to two weeks and recycled accordingly. For private household waste, there is a compulsory connection and use , i.e. private households must dispose of waste through the municipal waste management company. Bulky waste up to an amount of 2 m³ can be handed in to the municipal recycling depots free of charge. Bulky waste can also be picked up by the AWM for a fee. Larger quantities are accepted for a fee at the Freimann and Langwied recycling centers or from private waste disposal companies. Problematic waste (paints, varnishes, batteries, etc.) can be handed in in normal household quantities (up to 25 kg) at the municipal “poison mobile” or at any recycling center.

Commercial waste

Residual waste that arises from a Munich business enterprise “belongs” to the AWM and must be disposed of through it. All other waste (e.g. organic waste, recyclable materials) is not subject to compulsory connection and use and can be disposed of by the companies according to economic criteria. Other waste disposal companies can also come into play here. In this area, the AWM is in normal competition with other companies.

Barrel system

In Munich there is the so-called 3-ton system. The plastic bins are color-coded according to their content: gray for residual waste, blue for paper and brown for organic waste. This color scheme is not uniform in Germany and can vary from municipality to municipality. All bins are made of plastic and are available in different sizes (80 l, 120 l, 240 l, 770 l, 1100 l). The bins are the property of the AWM and must be ordered, canceled or exchanged there.

There used to be a so-called “Munich model” in Munich, a metal bin with a capacity of 1100 l for residual waste. The metal bin was abolished because its weight made it much more difficult for the garbage truck to move. In addition, their dimensions do not correspond to the DIN standard for garbage containers, so that all garbage trucks have to be specially converted for this bin size. The metal containers are gradually being phased out, as the hot ashes from the coal and wood stoves, which used to make up a large part of household waste, were no longer produced.

procedure

The Munich city area is divided into 154 parts. For each batch there is a garbage truck and a team consisting of three to four people: driver, foreman and garbage truck. The driver “drives” and does not normally leave his vehicle, as the charging process and the technology are also controlled from the driver's cab. The foreman organizes the tour and loads the bins together with the garbage truck. In Munich, the bin emptying is organized as a full service , i.e. the bins are taken from the bin, emptied and brought back again. This does not apply to self-suppliers, who have to provide their garbage cans themselves. Reasons for this can be B. Too long paths or ramps (in underground garages ).

In the same garbage truck, residual waste, paper and organic from the same batch are always disposed of. The vehicles are technically designed for this, but are cleaned before each "brand change". This has the advantage that the garbage collectors know their area and only a (very large) bunch of keys has to be given out for the various bin systems. The garbage trucks leave the depots at 6:30 a.m. Foremen and garbage trucks are usually already in the area and drive the bins onto the street so that emptying can then take place more quickly. Depending on the type of waste and the weather, emptying takes until the afternoon. Bad weather (e.g. snow, ice) and paper or organic (more weight / volume) make work more difficult. It is emptied from Monday to Friday, on public holidays the emptying is shifted by one day to the preceding or following Saturday.

Fee structure

The fees for emptying bins depend on the size of the residual waste bins and the frequency of emptying (once or twice a week). Both can be freely selected by the home owner or manager within the framework of the specifications. The fees are billed annually and range between € 124 (80-liter barrel, emptying every 2 weeks) and € 1,800 (1100-liter barrel, emptying weekly). The fees are set out in the household waste disposal fee statute and can only be changed by resolution of the Munich City Council . The bins for paper and organic waste and the handover of bulky waste in household quantities at the recycling centers are free of charge. Separate fees are charged for special services (bulky waste collection, container service, shredding service , etc.). In a Germany-wide comparison, the garbage fees are in the lower third. However, such a comparison is difficult, since different services are included in the garbage fees in different cities.

organization

The Munich waste management company is owned by the City of Munich and is part of the municipal department . The first plant manager (and therefore responsible for the economic policy direction) is the municipal officer Kristina Frank. The second plant manager Sabine Schulz-Hammerl is responsible for the operative business. The municipal committee (as the responsible works committee) or the Munich city council decides on all important waste management issues. For historical and local political reasons, the AWM is run as a local authority . Other waste management companies in Germany are considered owned companies , municipal enterprises , limited liability companies operated (purely urban or with participation) or as a private company. Smaller cities and rural districts (in Germany, waste disposal is usually the responsibility of the higher-level administrative units) often do not operate their own waste collection, but rather outsource disposal to a private service provider after a tender . In many cities and districts, garbage collection and street cleaning are combined into one operation. This is not the case in Munich, street cleaning is part of the building department here.

Locations

Headquarters

The headquarters on Georg-Brauchle-Ring , opposite the Uptown Munich skyscraper , includes the administration building, the workshop and the West and North depots.

Depots

Old director's villa

The garbage trucks are parked in the three depots (spread across the city). This decentralized system was chosen because if all 200 garbage trucks were moved out of one location at the same time, traffic jams would result and the vehicles would take too long to get to their areas of operation.

  • Depot north and west ( Moosach , headquarters)
  • Depot East ( Steinhausen )
  • Depot South ( Giesing ), the former headquarters of the company. The old director's villa is also located here. This building, built by Richard Schachner , is a listed building and is now used as an office and archive.

Freimann disposal park

The Freimann disposal park is a large area for waste recycling in the north of Munich with the following facilities:

  • Landfill north-west ( landfill class II , closed since July 2009 because it is no longer needed).
  • Dry fermentation gas plant for the production of gas for the municipal utilities
  • Dry fermentation plant for the production of compost
  • Intermediate storage for bottlenecks at the thermal power station
  • Wastewater treatment plant (since 1999) for the pre-treatment of the seepage water produced in the landfill mountain

Recycling centers

Small quantities of bulky waste and similar waste (max. 2 m² / day) can be handed over to private individuals at the 12 recycling centers.

The recyclables collected here are separated into approx. 30 different fractions and recycled as environmentally friendly as possible, including:

  • Paper, cardboard, cardboard boxes (private recyclers)
  • Metal (private recycler)
  • Wood (private recycler)
  • Used textiles and shoes (recycling through cooperation with a social institution)
  • Garden waste (composting on the municipal Gut Obergrasshof )
  • Problem waste (disposal by specialist companies)
  • Building rubble (landfill)
  • CDs, DVDs, CD-ROMS (disposal by specialist companies)
  • Night storage heaters (disposal by specialist companies)
  • Asbestos products (disposal by specialist companies)
  • Electronic scrap (recycling through cooperation with a social institution)
  • "Classic" bulky waste, e.g. B. furniture, mattresses, etc. (What is well preserved is sorted out and sold in Hall 2, the rest goes to the waste incineration plant).

Hall 2

Hall 2

Hall 2 is a used goods department store in Pasing , in which well-preserved items that were collected at the recycling depots are sold. The department store served to reduce waste and enabled financially disadvantaged citizens to buy various items (furniture, books, toys, dishes, etc.) cheaply.

Thermal power station north

The northern heating power plant is operated by the Munich municipal utilities , blocks 1 and 3 are used as a waste incineration plant. In 2006, 725,529 tons of garbage were burned there. More than half of this amount comes from municipal facilities outside Munich, which thermally recycle their waste there over the long term .

Former Großlappen landfill

uh Großlappen / Fröttmaninger Berg landfill

The Großlappen landfill was opened in 1954 to recycle and deposit the growing amount of waste that arose during the economic miracle. The nearby Fröttmaning settlement gradually had to give way to the growing mountain of rubbish. When the recycling and separation plant burned down in 1965, it was only dumped or burned in the waste incineration plant.

In the 1960s, the environmental problems became more and more serious. A “poison lake” was created on the summit of the garbage mountain, in which chemicals were disposed of, groundwater pollution increased steadily, major fires regularly broke out on the garbage heap, dust and stench annoyed the more distant residents and the garbage heap grew bigger and bigger.

Partial renaturation began as early as 1973 , but it took until the 1980s for the mountain to be completely greened and for the landfill to be closed due to a new landfill and larger waste incineration capacities. The landfill was properly sealed and is permanently monitored by the AWM. The control measures will always be necessary as the toxins are all still present. In the meantime, the completely greened Fröttmaninger Berg with its wind turbine, which welcomes visitors from the Nuremberg autobahn from afar, has become a kind of ecological landmark of Munich. It is accessible to visitors at any time. More extensive usage requests by the Munich population (ski lift, mountain bike route) are problematic, however, as damage to the surface (through construction work, abrasion, etc.) must be avoided. To the northwest is the sister mountain: Landfill North-West .

numbers

From the 2009 annual report

  • 247 million euros in sales
  • 1,349 employees
  • 200 garbage trucks
  • 143 garbage collection lots
  • 15 million empty bins / year (this corresponds to 53,000 empty bins / day)
  • 404,000 organic, paper and residual waste bins are to be emptied in the urban area
  • 60 percent of the waste is recycled, 40 percent is incinerated to generate electricity and district heating. Landfilling has not taken place since July 2009.

Others

  • The waste company is a by TÜV Süd certified waste management company
  • Voluntary waste consultants support the waste management company in its tasks.
  • Ramadama is a campaign in Munich to collect waste in forests, meadows and floodplains. This is carried out once a year in different parts of the city by the citizens of the city. From March 15th to September 30th, no such actions will be held for reasons of nature conservation. The expression rama dama coined the then Mayor of Munich Thomas Wimmer . This request in Bavarian dialect means in High German we will do something . OB Wimmer called on the population to clear away the ruins of the collapsed ruins. Even today, joint clean-up actions in Bavaria and Austria are referred to as "Rama dama"

See also

Web links

Commons : Abfallwirtschaftsbetrieb München  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Local police regulation on the storage and removal of household waste"
  2. ↑ Annual Report 2009 (PDF; 2.9 MB)