Adolph Schliemann

Wilhelm Karl Adolph Schliemann , sometimes wrongly: Adolph Karl Wilhelm Schliemann (born June 21, 1817 in Mölln , † January 19, 1872 in Leipzig ) was an imperial court judge and lawyer who also emerged as a theologian and chess player .

family

Adolph Schliemann was born in Mölln, Lauenburg as the eldest of 11 children of the evangelical theologian (Christian Ludwig) Friedrich Schliemann (1790–1861) and his wife (Maria Sophia) Magdalena, née. Becker (1792-1861). Friedrich Schliemann was the brother of Pastor Ernst (Johann Adolph) Schliemann (1780-1870), the father of the later archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann , who was born in 1822 and who was taken into Friedrich's household from 1832 to 1833. Friedrich Schliemann was cantor in Mölln after 1816 and was elected second preacher in Grevesmühlen at the beginning of 1823. He was pastor in Kalkhorst from 1826 and provost of the local district from 1842 . Friedrich Schliemann married Luise Kuntze and the poet Fritz Reuter as provost in 1851 .

Adolph's oldest siblings were:

• Sophie Schliemann († 1868)
• Julius Ludolf (1821–1910) who married Friederike Mathilde Kahlbrock (* 1824, † 1891) in Hamburg in 1847 and emigrated to the United States after 1850. Both had 10 children.
• Ferdinand (Friedrich Johann) (1825–1899), who also emigrated to America. He returned temporarily in 1857 to marry and catch up with Caroline Kuntze, a sister of Luise. Ferdinand was a farmer and county recorder in Woodland, California .

Adolph's brother, Friedrich (Wilhelm Andreas Franz) Schliemann (1829-1900), who was a pastor in Alt Meteln and published a circumscribing declaration of the Mecklenburg State Catechism in 1859 , also took up the father's profession .

On February 9, 1850, Adolph married Charlotte (Ernestine Katharina) Stamer (* February 10, 1823, † May 16, 1873), daughter of a landlord from Hof Mechow . Both had a son Friedrich Adolf Carl (born December 19, 1858, † February 15, 1876).

job

In preparation for high school, the children in the Kalkhorster rectory received private lessons in Latin and Adolph also in ancient Greek from the student Carl Andreß (1808–1885), who later became an assistant at the Neustrelitz library. Adolph Schliemann attended the large city school in Wismar since 1833 . From Easter 1836 to 1842 he studied philology and theology in Rostock, Berlin, Bonn, and again Berlin and Rostock. In Rostock he won the philological prize assignment with his submitted solution. In 1839 he passed the first theological exam. In Berlin, where Schliemann studied the history of dogma under the guidance of Daniel Amadeus Neander , his solution to the theological award task was awarded a prize in the summer of 1840. An elaboration was published by Friedrich Perthes in 1844 . With this influential text on the subject of the clementines, along with related writings and Ebionitism , he received his doctorate in Königsberg in 1844 and held theological lectures in Rostock from 1844. Now Schliemann began in October 1845 in Rostock an additional study of Law, where he lectures at Agathon Wunderlich , Hermann von Buchka , Heinrich Thöl , Wilhelm Türk , Rudolf von Ihering , Christoph Johann Friedrich Raspe, Burkard Wilhelm Leist and Johann Friedrich Kierulff could hear . After receiving his doctorate in 1848 he settled in Rostock as a private lecturer and lawyer. He represented the government of Mecklenburg against the Mecklenburg knighthood in the dispute over the new constitution, which was decided in 1851 with the Freienwalder arbitration award . From October 1851 Schliemann started a career as a judge in Mecklenburg (see Mecklenburg's administrative history #Justizverwaltung ). First he became an interim employee of the judiciary in Güstrow, in 1853 a chancellery there, in 1854 an extraordinary assistant at the higher appellate court in Rostock, in 1855 a member of the Schwerin judicial office and in 1856 a member of the legal examination commission. In 1870 Schliemann was also appointed judge at the newly founded Federal Higher Commercial Court in Leipzig, but fell seriously ill after a few months and died in January 1872 of an old neck and chest ailment. Schliemann's Critical Comments on the draft of a general German commercial code , published in 1858, met with approval from commercial lawyer Levin Goldschmidt . which also later emphasized knowledge of sources, judgment, acumen and form of Schliemann's legal publications.

Relationship with Heinrich Schliemann

After Heinrich's mother Luise died on March 22, 1831, Heinrich's father Ernst took his lover Sophie Schwarz into the parsonage of Ankershagen a short time later, which was considered immoral by the villagers and in the parish and which is why there was an official revision procedure against him in February 1832 was initiated. Heinrich and his older siblings were then given to the uncle Friedrich's family in Kalkhorst in the spring of 1832, where Heinrich took part in private lessons from Carl Andreß. From 1833 Heinrich attended high school Carolinum (Neustrelitz) for a few months , but had to switch to secondary school due to a lack of school fees.

After learning ancient Greek as an adult, Heinrich said that his love for this language was awakened when he heard the sound of Adolph's voice memorizing verses. Heinrich was plunged into a life crisis by the death of cousin Sophie and donated her grave cross. Heinrich consulted with Adolph when he wanted to divorce his marriage to the Russian Ekaterina Petrovna Lyshina against her will. In addition, Adolph auditioned for Heinrich at the philosophical faculty of the University of Rostock because of the possibility of a doctorate. Heinrich sent his request on March 12, 1869 to Adolph, who was to submit it for him, and left for America the following day. The doctorate took place on April 27, 1869 in Heinrich's absence, and on June 30, 1869 Heinrich obtained a divorce from Jekaterina in a court in Indianapolis (USA).

Chess player

Schliemann was a master-level chess expert. In Schwerin in 1859 he founded a chess club, which was the center of Mecklenburg chess life, and organized tournaments at the end of each year. As president of the Schwerin Chess Society, he visited the Berlin Chess Society in November 1863 and played 19 games against masters Carl Mayet , Samuel Mieses and Gustav Richard Neumann . For several years Schliemann often played chess games and the like. a. with August Kliefoth (born 1836), who first studied theology and later philosophy in Rostock. At the Schwerin tournament on December 29th and 30th, 1862, in which 10 players took part, Kliefoth won first prize, while Schliemann was shared second. In the following days, Kliefoth and Schliemann also played a five-game competition in which Schliemann led 2.5: 1.5, but the fifth game was not finished. A winning game by Kliefoth against Schliemann in Schwerin in 1862 was anticipated by the well-known short game Joseph Henry Blackburne - HWB Gifford, the Hague in 1874. The Schliemann defense or the Jänisch Gambit is nowadays understood in opening theory as the variant of the Spanish game 1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Ng1 – f3 Nb8 – c6 3. Bf1 – b5 f7 – f5, which was used as early as 1847 by Carl Ferdinand Jänisch has been examined.

	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H
8th									8th
7th									7th
6th									6th
5									5
4th									4th
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H

Position after 4.… f7 – f5

Schliemann himself in an essay of 1867, however, in the Cordel defense 1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. g1-f3 Nb8-c6 3. L f1-b5 Bf8-c5 to c2-c3 4. f7-f5 ( diagram recommended) . The chess journalist Hermann Hirschbach held the variant given by Schliemann 5. d2 – d4 f5xe4 6. Bb5xc6 d7xc6 7. Nf3xe5 Bc5 – d6 through the move sequence 8. Qd1 – h5 + g7 – g6 9. Ne5xg6 Ng8 – f6 10. Qh5 – h6 Rh8– g8 11. Ng6 – h4 for refuted.

	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H
8th									8th
7th									7th
6th									6th
5									5
4th									4th
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H

Position before 11.… Bd6 – f8

Schliemann then found the reply 11.… Bd6 – f8! ( Diagram ) with the idea 12. Qh6 – f4 Bf8 – d6 13. Qf4 – h6 (compensation due to repetition of moves, or 13. Qf4 – e3 Qd8 – e7), and even saw Black in the case of 12. Qh6 – e3 Qd8 – e7 in advantage. At the 1st North German Chess Congress in Hamburg, Schliemann played his variant again on June 2, 1862 in the final game to win the tournament against Max Lange . Lange responded with 5. d2 – d3 and won. Schliemann's move 4.… f7 – f5 is nowadays seen as double-edged.

Works

• The clementines and related writings and Ebionitism, a contribution to the history of the church and dogma of the first centuries. Perthes, Hamburg 1844.
• The Cedent's Liability. A contribution to the teaching of the Cession. Price publication, Rostock 1848. (2nd edition 1850; new edition: Kessinger Publishing, Whitefish Montana 2010)
• Critical remarks on the draft of a general German commercial code (after the decisions of the second reading). Schwerin 1858.
• The doctrine of compulsion. A civilist treatise. Rostock 1861.
• Contributions to the teaching of the substitute in the conclusion of mandatory contracts. I. Deputy, messenger, postman, In: Journal for the entire commercial law. Vol. XVI (NF Vol. I) pp. 1-31.

literature

• Karl Robert Wenck :  Schliemann, Adolph Karl Wilhelm . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 34, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1892, p. 721 f.

Web links

• Works by and about Adolph Schliemann  in the German Digital Library
• Literature about Adolph Schliemann in the state bibliography MV
• Rectorate year 1845/1846, No. 3 Adolph Carl Wilhelm Schliemann's matriculation , Rostock matriculation portal
• Replayable chess games by Adolph Schliemann on chessgames.com (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ernst Meyer (Ed.): Heinrich Schliemann, Briefwechsel. Gebrüder Mann, Berlin 1953, p. 313.
2. ^ Christian Ludwig Friedrich Schliemann. In: familysearch.org. Retrieved January 4, 2016 . 
3. ↑ Family history ( OO docx ; 384 kB; English) on Schliemann.com.au
4. ↑ Peter Jürs (edit.): Finding aid of the holdings Section 1: Magistrate before 1870 . (PDF; 1.5 MB), Mölln City Archives, 2009, p. 105.
5. ↑ Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung . No. 43, Jena February 1823, p. 344.
6. ^ Karl Theodor Gaedertz : From Fritz Reuters young and old days , Hinstorff, Wismar 1901, p. 84.
7. ^ Julius Ludolf Schliemann. In: familysearch.org. Retrieved January 4, 2016 . 
8. ^ E. Meyer: Heinrich Schliemann, Correspondence. Berlin 1953, pp. 313, 372.
9. ↑ Stephan Sehlke: Pädagogen-Pastoren- Patrioten: Biographical manual on printed matter for children and young people by authors and illustrators from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania from the beginnings up to and including 1945. Books on Demand, 2009, p. 329.
10. ↑ Ortsfamilienbuch Ziethen family report Charlotte Ernestine Katharina STAMER , Verein für Computergenealogie e. V.
11. ^ Entry 1836 in the Rostock matriculation portal
12. ↑ Entry in 1841 in the Rostock matriculation portal
13. ^ Entry 1845 in the Rostock matriculation portal
14. ↑ On the year of death, which has been incorrectly stated on various occasions as 1871 cf. German chess newspaper . 1891, p. 96.
15. ^ Levin Goldschmidt: Zeitschrift für Handelsrecht 2 (1859), pp. 464-465.
16. ^ K. Wenck: Schliemann, Adolph Karl Wilhelm. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 34: 721-722 (1892).
17. ^ Justus Cobet : Heinrich Schliemann. Archaeologist and adventurer. Beck, Munich 1997, pp. 23-24.
18. ^ Robert Payne: The gold of Troy. 1991, p. 72.
19. ^ Rainer Hilse: Appeal for donations for the restoration of the grave monument of Schliemann's mother in the Ankershagen cemetery ( memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Heinrich Schliemann Society Ankershagen e. V.
20. ^ Justus Cobet : Heinrich Schliemann. Archaeologist and Adventure. CH Beck, 1997, pp. 67-68.
21. ^ A. Schliemann: Chess conditions in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. In: New Berlin chess newspaper . March 1864, p. 87.
22. ^ New Berlin chess newspaper. January 1864, p. 20.
23. ↑ chess newspaper . January 1866, p. 15; on August Kliefoth see rectorate year 1857/1858, No. 37 matriculation of August Kliefoth and summer semester 1864, no. 39 matriculation of August Friedrich Christian Kliefoth , Rostocker matriculation portal
24. ↑ Schachzeitung February 1863, p. 45.
25. ↑ Julius Du Mont: 200 miniature Games of Chess. 1942, pp. 76-77.
26. ↑ in the magazine Le Palamède . according to Tibor Flórián : The Schliemann variation of the Ruy Lopez. In: The Chess Player. 1970, p. 3.
27. ^ Adolph Schliemann, Schachzeitung , May 1867
28. ^ Hermann Hirschbach: chess newspaper. October 1867, p. 254. Instead of 4.… f7 – f5, Hirschbach recommended the move 4.… Qd8 – e7, which Johannes Hermann Zukertort, however, considered wrong in an investigation, cf. JH Zukertort: Brief polemics. In: New Berlin chess newspaper. November 1867, pp. 322-325, December 1867 (conclusion), pp. 353-357.
29. ^ A. Schliemann: On the Spanish part. In: Schachzeitung. January 1868, pp. 22-24.
30. ^ A. Schliemann: Another contribution to the controversy on the subject of the Spanish game. In: Schachzeitung. February 1868, pp. 53-55; In the game Vasik Rajlich - Steven M Grubbs, Dallas (USA), 1996, Black continued instead with 12.… Rg8 – g4, with a draw after 55 moves.