Pubic flowers

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Pubic flowers
Aeschynanthus speciosus

Aeschynanthus speciosus

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Gesneriaceae (Gesneriaceae)
Subfamily : Didymocarpoideae
Tribe : Trichosporeae
Genre : Pubic flowers
Scientific name
Aeschynanthus
Jack

The shame flowers ( Aeschynanthus ) are a genus within the family of Gesneriad (Gesneriaceae). The approximately 140 to 185 species are distributed in the Paleotropic to southern and southeastern Asia and Oceania . Some types of shame flowers such as Aeschynanthus radicans or Aeschynanthus × splendidus are used as flowering ornamental plants , especially as house plants .

description

Illustration from Flore des serres ... , 1861 by Aeschynanthus cordifolius
Illustration from Flore des serres ... by Aeschynanthus tricolor
Illustration from Edwards's botanical register , 1846, plate 61 from Aeschynanthus miniatus

Within the 140 to 185 species of the genus Aeschynanthus there are relatively large differences in all morphological characteristics such as general growth habit, leaf and flower shape and flower color.

Vegetative characteristics

Aeschynanthus species are perennial herbaceous plants to subshrubs that are usually evergreen . With Aeschynanthus fulgens and Aeschynanthus micranthus there are even succulent species. The mostly hanging, rarely independently upright or rarely climbing, branched or unbranched shoot axes can be up to 60 centimeters long.

The mostly many, often opposite, sometimes whorled on the stem axis arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The opposite pairs of leaves can be the same or different. The simple, entire, leaf blades are shaped very differently. The shape of the leaf blade is narrow, linear, oval-ovate to rounded. The base of the blade is wedge-shaped to rounded or narrows towards the petiole. The leaf blades can be either soft-leaved and rarely hairy or mostly bald and covered with a thick layer of cuticle . Only in Aeschynanthus longicaulis are green and white marbled leaves.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are solitary or up to ten loosely or rarely close together in lateral or pseudo-terminal, umbel-like, zymous inflorescences . There are two opposite bracts .

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . Depending on the species, the five sepals are only at their base (for example Aeschynanthus longicaulis ) or almost completely (for example Aeschynanthus pulcher ) fused to form a tube. The five calyx lobes are the same or rarely different. The corolla is red to orange, rarely green, yellow or white. The corolla is sparsely downy or hairy on the inside or there is only a ring with trichomes or it is bare. The five petals are fused to form a narrow to funnel-shaped corolla tube, which is often curved. The corolla tube has a diameter of 4 to 15 millimeters and is much longer than the free part of the crown. The free part of the crown is indistinct to very clearly two-lipped. The bilobed upper lip is usually the same length or rarely up to half as long as the lower lip. The three corolla lobes of the lower lip are ± the same length and are rounded to pointed at the upper end. Of the four fertile stamens that have grown together with the corolla tube, two hang together at the upper ends and protrude above the corolla tube. There may be a staminodium that is fused with the corolla tube. The counters, which open in the longitudinal direction, are parallel to each other. The discus is ring-like. The linear, unicameral ovary contains two parietal placentas. The individual stylus ends in an undivided and heady to flattened spherical scar.

The capsule fruit is straight in relation to the stalk. The linear capsule fruits are many longer than the calyx, can be up to 50 centimeters long in some species, open with two or four straight fruit valves without twisting towards their base and they contain one or two to many (up to 50) seeds. On the seed there are usually some at one end and a hair-like appendage at the other, rarely only one elongated appendage is present at both ends.

ecology

Aeschynanthus species grow mainly epiphytically or lithophytically . Only a few species grow terrestrially.

In Aeschynanthus TYPES strict is protandry ago. During anthesis the length of the changes stamens and the stylus clearly. The pollination is usually by birds ( ornithophily ).

Systematics and distribution

The name composition of the generic name Aeschynanthus cannot be clearly clarified. One possible derivation is from the Greek word for shame aischyne ( αἰσχύνη ) and anthos ( ἄνθος ) for flower. The association with shame could come from the red color of the flowers. Another, less likely, word stem would be the Greek verb aischýnein ( αἰσχύνειν ), "to deface ". Here the shape of the strongly fused petals would be a possible reason for the naming.

The genus Aeschynanthus was set up in 1823 by the American botanist William Jack in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London , 14, p. 42, he was a member of the Democratic Party of the House of Representatives of the United States . Type species is Aeschynanthus volubilis Jack . Synonyms for Aeschynanthus Jack nom. cons. are: Euthamnus Schltr. , Oxychlamys Schltr. , Rheitrophyllum Hassk. , Trichosporum D.Don .

The genus Aeschynanthus occurs in Asia and Oceania . The individual species are widespread there. 34 species are found in China alone , further distribution areas are India and, in the oceanic region, the Philippines , Java , Malaysia , New Guinea and the Solomon Islands .

Habitus, leaves and zygomorphic flowers of Aeschynanthus buxifolius
Hanging stems and marbled leaves of Aeschynanthus longicaulis (Syn .: Aeschynanthus marmoratus sometimes in culture under this name)
Zygomorphic, greenish flower of Aeschynanthus longicaulis with free sepals
Deciduous leaves and zygomorphic flowers of Aeschynanthus perrottetii
Aeschynanthus pulcher (Syn .: Aeschynanthus lobbianus , often in culture under this name) is used as an ornamental plant ; the sepals of the zygomorphic flowers are completely fused.
The sepals of the zygomorphic flowers of Aeschynanthus tricolor are almost completely fused.
Zygomorphic flowers of Aeschynanthus tricolor , the two pairs of stamens and the pistil with the stigma, both of which protrude above the corolla, are clearly visible.

There are 140 to 185 Aeschynanthus species:

swell

further reading

  • David John Middleton: A revision of Aeschynanthus (Gesneriaceae) in Thailand. In:  Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 64, 2007, pp. 363-429.
  • David John Middleton: A revision of Aeschynanthus (Gesneriaceae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. In:  Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 66, Issue 03, November 2009, pp. 391-446. doi : 10.1017 / S0960428609990047

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Encke : cold and warm house plants. 2nd edition, Ulmer, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8001-6191-5 .
  2. ^ Alfred Byrd Graf : Tropica , Color Cyclopedia of Exotic Plants and Trees for Warm-Region Horticulture - in Cool Climate the Summer Garden or Sheltered Indoors. 2nd revised and expanded edition, Roehrs, East Rutherford, NJ 1981, ISBN 978-0911266269 .
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba Wencai Wang, Kai-yu Pan, Zhen-yu Li, Anna L. Weitzman, Laurence E. Skog: Gesneriaceae. Aeschynanthus , p. 375 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 18 - Scrophulariaceae through Gesneriaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St Louis, 1998, ISBN 0-915279-55-X .
  4. Hans Jessen, Helmut Schulze: Botanical dictionary for gardeners and florists : With over 2000 names. 24th, unchanged. Edition, Schaper, Hannover 2008. ISBN 978-3-7944-0220-5 .
  5. Aeschynanthus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 3, 2018.
  6. a b c d e f g h i j k Gesneriaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed December 1, 2018.
  7. Select Aeschynanthus from Gesneriaceae Research - World Checklist of Gesneriaceae .
  8. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Jingyun Fang, Zhiheng Wang, Zhiyao Tang (eds.): Atlas of Woody Plants in China: Distribution and Climate , Volume 1, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011, ISBN 978-3-6421-5017-3 . Aeschynanthus pp. 1607-1613.

Web links

Commons : Schamblumen ( Aeschynanthus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files