White ostrich grass

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White ostrich grass
White ostrich grass (Agrostis stolonifera)

White ostrich grass ( Agrostis stolonifera )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Ostrich grasses ( Agrostis )
Type : White ostrich grass
Scientific name
Agrostis stolonifera
L.

The white ostrich grass ( Agrostis stolonifera ), also called lichen ostrich grass or bent grass , is a species of ostrich grass ( Agrostis ) within the sweet grass family (Poaceae). It is used as pasture-proof fodder grass , especially in wet grassland .

description

Ligule (ligula)
Grooved leaf surface
Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 16
Caryopses

The white ostrich grass is very rich in shape.

Vegetative characteristics

The white ostrich grass is an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 8 to 40 centimeters. It spreads over leafy aboveground runners and forms dense lawns . The branchy stalks are smooth, glabrous and have two to five nodes (nodes). Sprout roots and new shoots form at the lower nodes.

The ligule is formed as a 2 to 6 mm long, membranous border. The bare, finely pointed, gray or blue-green leaves are 0.5 to 5 mm wide and up to 10 centimeters long. They are rolled up when young, later spread out flat. The leaf blades are densely traversed with nerves and very finely rough.

Generative characteristics

Flowering time is between July and August. The panicle inflorescence is elongated with a length of 1 to 13 centimeters and a width of 0.4 to 2.5 centimeters and spread out to form an anthesis , otherwise often tightly drawn together. Its side branches go in threes or seven from the main axis. The spikelets are in dense clusters. The single-flowered spikelets are 2 to 3 mm long, lanceolate-pointed, smooth and glabrous. The bare Glumes are einnervig and as long as the spikelets. The smooth, glabrous, mostly unfurled lemmas are five-nerved, about 2 mm long and appear rounded at the top. The palea reaches about three quarters of the length of the lemma. The anthers are 1 to 1.5 mm long.

The caryopses are enclosed by the cover and palea.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28, 35 or 42.

ecology

The white ostrich grass is a hemicryptophyte .

Diseases

The white ostrich grass is attacked by various types of fungus. The rust fungi Puccinia agrostidis , Puccinia graminis and possibly Uromyces agrostidis with uredia and telia occur. Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is the causative agent of dollar spot disease on ostrich grasses . Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium roseum trigger a Fusarium wilt . Microdochium nivale triggers the pink snow mold . Also suitable Rhizoctonia solani , Pythium types, and Typhula incarnata and Typhula ishikariensis ago.

Occurrence

The white ostrich grass is native to the temperate zones of Eurasia, Madeira and North Africa as far as Chad . In numerous other countries, especially in America, Australia , New Zealand and South Africa , Agrostis stolonifera is a neophyte . It colonizes moist, nutrient-rich, often calcareous, sandy - gravelly loam or clay soils , but can also occur on silt soils in the floodplain area of ​​water bodies. Agrostis stolonifera is the characteristic species of the order of the floodplain (Agrostietalia stoloniferae). Agrostis stolonifera can also be found as a companion species in dock-grass-grass societies (Agropyro-Rumicion) and knotweed turf societies (Polygonion avicularis). On the coasts, it forms the Armerion maritimae association together with the beach carnation.

The white ostrich grass grows in fresh to moist lawns, meadows, pastures and fields. It is not uncommon to find it along banks, ditches and along valleys. This salt-tolerant grass also grows on the coast on the outside of the dunes . In the Allgäu Alps in Vorarlberg near the Widdersteinhütte it rises up to 2015 meters above sea level.

  • Creeping growth habit

  • Rooting

use

The White bent grass is used as breeding machined, highly stressed from plants golf greens zoom drawn, creeping bentgrass ( creeping bentgrass ) for sports turf used.

Systematics

The first publication of Agrostis stolonifera was in 1753 by Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum , Volume 1, p. 62. The specific epithet stolonifera is derived from stolonis for runners and floris for flower. Synonyms for Agrostis stolonifera L. are: Agrostis adscendens Lange , Agrostis alba L. , Agrostis albida Trin. , Agrostis ambigua Roem. & Schult. , Agrostis aristulata garbage. Hal. , Agrostis aspera Weber , Agrostis brevis Knapp , Agrostis bryoides Dumort. , Agrostis caespitosa Gaudich. , Agrostis caespitosa Gaudich. ex Mirb. , Agrostis capillaris var. Stolonifera (L.) Druce , Agrostis decumbens Hall. f. ex Gaudin , Agrostis depressa Mez ex Pilg. , Agrostis depressa Vasey , Agrostis dulcis (Pers.) Sibth. ex Kunth , Agrostis eliasii Sennen , Agrostis filifolia Link , Agrostis flava O.F.Müll. , Agrostis glaucescens (C.Presl) Spreng. , Agrostis glaucescens Opiz ex Steud. , Agrostis jacutica Schischk. , Agrostis karsensis Litv. , Agrostis macrantha Schischk. , Agrostis maritima L. , Agrostis maritima Lam. , Agrostis maritima With. , Agrostis mutabilis Knapp , Agrostis nemoralis Phil. , Agrostis patula Gaudin , Agrostis polymorpha var. Stolonifera (L.) Huds. , Agrostis prorepens (WDJKoch) G.Mey. ex ash. , Agrostis prostrata Hook. f. , Agrostis pseudoalba Klokov , Agrostis reptans Rydb. Boiss , Agrostis scabriglumis . & Reut. Petrov , Agrostis sibirica , Agrostis sicula Guss. ex Steud. , Agrostis sicula Kunth , Agrostis sinaica Boiss. , Agrostis stolonizans Better ex Schult. & Schult. f. , Agrostis straminea Hartm. , Agrostis zerovii Klokov , Agrostis stolonifera subsp. albida (Trin.) Tzvelev , Agrostis stolonifera subsp. maritima (Lam.) Vasc. , Agrostis stolonifera subsp. stolonizans (Better ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Soó , Agrostis stolonifera subsp. straminea (Hartm.) Tzvelev , Agrostis stolonifera var. compacta Hartm. , Agrostis stolonifera var. Maritima (Lam.) Viljasoo , Agrostis stolonifera var. Maritima (Lam.) WDJKoch , Agrostis stolonifera var. Patula (Gaudin) Rchb. , Agrostis stolonifera var. Straminea (Hartm.) Hartm. , Agrostis stolonifera var. Prorepens W.DJKoch .

There are, for example, the varieties of Agrostis stolonifera :

  • Agrostis stolonifera var. Palustris (Huds.) Farw. (Syn .: Agrostis stolonifera subsp. Palustris (Huds.) Tzvelev , Agrostis palustris Huds. )
  • Agrostis stolonifera L. var. Stolonifera .

swell

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 .
  • Charles Edward Hubbard: Grasses. Description, distribution, use (=  UTB . Volume 233 ). 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1985, ISBN 3-8001-2537-4 (English: Grasses . Translated by Peter Boeker).
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  • Ernst Klapp , Wilhelm Opitz von Boberfeld : Paperback of the grasses . Recognition and determination, location and socialization, evaluation and use. 12th revised edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-489-72710-X .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes . 11th edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07613-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 251.
  2. ↑ Peter Zwetko: The rust mushrooms Austria's supplement and host-parasite directory for the 2nd edition of the Catalogus Florae Austriae, III. Part, Book 1, Uredinales (= Biosystematics and Ecology. Volume 16). Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2000, pp. 1–67 (PDF file; 1.8 MB) .
  3. ↑ Michael D. Casler, Ronny R. Duncan (Eds.): Turfgrass Biology, Genetics, and Breeding. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ 2003, ISBN 1-57504-159-6 , pp. 175-176, limited preview in Google Book Search
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Agrostis stolonifera. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 159.
  6. ↑ White ostrich grass - Agrostis gigantea. Retrieved March 26, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum , 1753, Volume 1, p.62 .
  8. ↑ Agrostis stolonifera at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 29, 2015.
  9. ↑ Agrostis stolonifera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 29, 2015.

Web links

Commons : White Ostrich Grass ( Agrostis stolonifera )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files