Albert Hößler

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Albert Hößler (born October 11, 1910 in Mühlau ; † December 22, 1942 in Berlin ) was a German resistance fighter against National Socialism and an agent of the Soviet secret service NKVD in the Spanish Civil War and in World War II .

Life

Hößler was born the son of a glove maker. His father was badly wounded in the First World War and returned as a disabled man in 1915. The family lived in poor conditions. His mother died in 1917. In 1925, Hößler finished primary school and began an apprenticeship as a gardener , which he broke off for financial reasons. He took on various jobs. Successively he worked as an unskilled worker in the construction industry, as a dyer and as a forest assistant employed by the Hartmannsdorf community. In Herrenhaide he found a long-term job as a gardener and driver.

In 1928, according to other information in 1927, he joined the Communist Youth Association (KJVD). Two years later he became a member of the KPD , for which he was elected to the municipal council of Göppersdorf near Burgstädt in 1932 .

On December 12, 1932, Hößler was arrested in connection with a demonstration by the unemployed in front of the Burgstädt District Court , which was accompanied by clashes with the police . He stayed until January 12, 1933, pre-trial detention . Shortly after the seizure of power of the Nazis on March 1, 1933, he was arrested again and the police prison Chemnitz detained. Due to a mix-up, he was released on March 22, 1933 and fled to Czechoslovakia . In 1934 he returned illegally to Germany and organized youth resistance groups in the Ruhr area . Due to the mass arrests that began in 1935, Hößler fled to the Netherlands via Belgium . Hößler emigrated to the Soviet Union and from October 1935 to the beginning of 1937 completed a cadre training at the International Lenin School of the Comintern in Moscow . In April 1937 Hößler went to Spain to take part in the Spanish Civil War. Together with Wilhelm Fellendorf , Hößler attended a secret NKVD training school in Benimanet near Valencia . Then he was the battalion "Hans Beimler" of the XI. Assigned to the International Brigade . In June 1937 he was seriously wounded on the Guadalajara front . After a stay in a Spanish military hospital and a Paris hospital, he ended up in a sanatorium in Moscow in 1939 . In 1940 he was trained as a metal worker in the Chelyabinsk tractor factory and in 1941 married the doctor Klawdia Rubzowa.

After Germany's attack on the Soviet Union , he volunteered for military service on the Soviet side. He was trained in Moscow, Ryazan and Ufa to work as a parachute agent in Germany. On August 5, 1942, Hößler jumped together with Robert Barth in Wehrmacht uniform at Gomel behind the German lines with a parachute. Partisans looked after the two newcomers. They traveled to Berlin via Warsaw and Posen , armed and under a false identity, and contacted the Rote Kapelle resistance group through Elisabeth and Kurt Schumacher . Albert Hößler managed to send a radio message to the foreign intelligence service of the NKVD from Erika von Brockdorff's apartment .

After the group was exposed at the end of August 1942, Hößler was arrested by the Gestapo at the end of September 1942 and soon afterwards murdered without trial.

reception

In the time of the GDR there were sometimes falsifying representations that exaggerated Hößler's importance for the Red Orchestra . In 1963, for example, Klaus Drobisch wrote that the resistance organization headed by Harro Schulze-Boysen and Arvid Harnack "was directly instructed by the ZK instructor Albert Hößler, who jumped off with the parachute." Another portrayal of Hößler's role in the Rote Kapelle took place in 1979 in the book Rote Kapelle gegen Hitler by MfS officer Julius Mader , which is now regarded as an example of manipulated historiography. Since the 1960s, all biographies of the members of the Red Orchestra in the GDR have been adapted by the Ministry for State Security in order to give the GDR's secret service itself anti-fascist roots. In the context of maintaining the revolutionary tradition, Hößler played a major role in his work as a “ scout ” for the Soviet Union and as an anti-fascist resistance fighter for the Schulze-Boysen / Harnack organization in the Ministry for State Security.

Honors

After a coordination between the Ministry for State Security of the GDR and the Soviet secret service KGB , which had lasted since 1967 , Hößler was posthumously awarded the Soviet Order of the Patriotic War First Level on October 6, 1969 .

In the GDR, a barracks belonging to the MfS in Glienicke / Nordbahn was named after him. However, other names made during the GDR era disappeared after the political change in 1989 . So the Albert-Hößler-Straße , named after him in Magdeburg, was renamed. The barracks named after him in Frankenberg , Saxony, were de- dedicated after 1990. Today a street in Berlin-Lichtenberg bears the name of Albert Hößler.

literature

  • Karl Heinz Jahnke : Murdered and Wiped Out - Twelve German Antifascists ; Ahriman-Verlag (Series: Unwanted Books on Fascism No. 8): 1995 ISBN 978-3-89484-553-7 . on Google Books
  • Johannes Tuchel : The Ministry for State Security and the parachute agents of the Red Chapel - The Albert Hößler case . In: Schafranek, Hans and Tuchel, Johannes (ed.): War in the ether. Resistance and espionage in World War II. Vienna, Picus-Verlag, 2004, pp. 56–77

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The international brigades as reflected in new documents ( Memento of November 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ^ Stefan Roloff : The catacomb society . satzweiss.com, 2011, ISBN 3845005157
  3. ^ Klaus Drobisch: On the activities of the representatives of the Central Committee of the KPD in Berlin 1939-1941 . In: ZfG , 3/1963, 11th year, p. 563
  4. ↑ Simone Barck: Antifa-Geschichte (n): a literary search for traces in the GDR in the 1950s and 1960s , Böhlau Verlag, Cologne a. Weimar 2003, ISBN 3412138029 , p. 216; Johannes Tuchel : The Ministry for State Security and the parachute agents of the Red Chapel - The Albert Hößler case . In: Schafranek, Hans and Tuchel, Johannes (ed.): War in the ether. Resistance and espionage in World War II . Picus-Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3854524706 , pp. 56-77.
  5. ↑ Alexander S. Blank, Julius Mader: Red band against Hitler . Verlag der Nation, Berlin, 1979
  6. ↑ a b Geertje Andresen: Who was Oda Schottmüller ?: Two versions of her biography and their reception in the old Federal Republic and in the GDR . Lukas Verlag, 2012, ISBN 3867321256 , pp. 78–79
  7. ↑ Albert Hössler's biography at the Leipzig Citizens' Committee for the dissolution of the former State Security (MfS), accessed on September 11, 2013
  8. ↑ Johannes Tuchel : The forgotten resistance: on real history and perception of the struggle against the Nazi dictatorship. , Wallstein Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3892449430 , pp. 249-252
  9. ^ High Soviet Orders for Anti-Fascist Resistance Fighters In: Neues Deutschland from December 23, 1969
personal data
SURNAME Hößler, Albert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German resistance fighter
DATE OF BIRTH October 11, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH Mühlau
DATE OF DEATH December 22, 1942
Place of death Berlin