Alexander Ignatevich Lebedinsky

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Alexander Ignatievich Lebedinski ( Russian Александр Игнатьевич Лебединский ; born January 7 . Jul / 20th January  1913 greg. In Geneva , † 8. September 1967 in Moscow ) was a Russian astrophysicists , geophysicists and university teachers .

Life

Lebedinski was the son of the lawyer Ignati Pavlovich Lebedinski (1875-1954), who had married the niece of the opera singer Leonid Vitalievich Sobinov Yelena Gennadjewna Sobinowa in his second marriage and who soon after Lebedinski's birth settled in Simferopol with his family . Lebedinski attended the former State Boys' High School in Simferopol with graduation in 1929 and studied at the Crimean Pedagogical Institute with graduation in 1932. After three years of aspirant and defense of his candidate dissertation at the University of Leningrad (LGU), he joined the LGU observatory in 1935 . He received his doctorate in physical-mathematical sciences . In 1938 he became a lecturer and in 1948 professor of the chair for astrophysics at the LGU. 1953 Lebedinski became a professor at the Lomonossow University Moscow (MGU).

Lebedinski's main areas of work were space research and the construction of astronomical apparatus. He was one of the pioneers of magnetohydrodynamics . Together with Lev Emmanuilowitsch Gurewitsch he showed that the dynamo effect can occur in the solar atmosphere . He investigated the formation of new stars based on the model of the thermal core explosion of a dwarf star as a result of a gravitational collapse . He devoted himself to the questions of cosmogony . Together with Gurevich he studied the different phases of the formation of a planet from a cloud of gas dust. He investigated the dynamics of star systems and the physical processes in diffuse nebulae .

Lebedinski took 1,947 in the expedition to observe the solar eclipse in Brazil in part, for which he a special multi-channel - spectrograph was developed. Lebedinski was one of the first in the USSR to explore the northern lights . 1948–1950 he organized a series of complex expeditions to the Rajons north of the Arctic Circle to study the aurora borealis. For this he constructed a photographic apparatus for the uninterrupted spectroscopic registration of the light from the sky. Apparatus of this type were used in the Arctic and Antarctic during the International Geophysical Year . He was involved in the development of devices for satellites and automated space stations for the spectroscopic study of planets. Soviet satellites and probes were equipped with such devices ( Kosmos , Zond , Luna ). In 1964 he was involved in the creation of panoramic images of the lunar surface from images from the Luna-9 station.

Lebedinski was a member of the International Astronomical Union , the International Union for Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and the Northern Lights Committee of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) of the IUGG and co-editor of the international journal Planetary and Space Science .

Lebedinski's name is borne by the lunar crater Lebedinskiy and the asteroid (3629) Lebedinskiy .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Institute for Nuclear Physics of the MGU: Александр Игнатьевич Лебединский: Краткая биография (accessed February 15, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d Astronet: Лебединский Александр Игнатьевич (accessed February 15, 2019).
  3. ↑ Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Lebedinskiy (accessed February 16, 2019).
  4. ^ IAU Minor Planet Center: (3629) Lebedinskij (accessed on February 16, 2019).


personal data
SURNAME Lebedinski, Alexander Ignatjewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Лебединский, Александр Игнатьевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian astrophysicist, geophysicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH January 20, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Geneva
DATE OF DEATH September 8, 1967
Place of death Moscow